类的转换函数

转换函数的特点：

（1）必须是类方法。

（2）没有返回值。

（3）没有参数。

（4）只能转换为内置类型，不可以转换为自定义类型。

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#include <iostream> using  std::cout; using  std::endl;   class  Stonewt { private :      enum  {Lbs_per_stn = 10};       // pounds per stone      int  stone;                     // whole stones      double  pds_left;               // fractional pounds      double  pounds;                 // entire weight in pounds      void  Show()  const {          cout <<  "\t this = "  <<  this  <<  ", (stone, pds_left) = ("  << stone <<  ", "  << pds_left <<  "), pounds = "  << pounds << endl;      } public :      //explicit Stonewt(double lbs);          // constructor for double pounds      Stonewt( double  lbs);           // constructor for double pounds      Stonewt( int  stn,  double  lbs);  // constructor for stone, lbs      Stonewt();                     // default constructor      Stonewt( const  Stonewt &st);          // copy constructor      ~Stonewt();      Stonewt& operator=( const  Stonewt &st);   // copy constructor      operator  double () const ; };   // construct Stonewt object from double value Stonewt::Stonewt( double  lbs) {      cout <<  "enter "  << __func__ <<  "(double lbs)\n" ;      stone =  int  (lbs) / Lbs_per_stn;     // integer division      pds_left =  int  (lbs) % Lbs_per_stn + lbs -  int (lbs);      pounds = lbs;      Show();      cout <<  "leave "  << __func__ <<  "(double lbs)\n" ; }   // construct Stonewt object from stone, double values Stonewt::Stonewt( int  stn,  double  lbs) {      cout <<  "enter "  << __func__ <<  "(int stn, double lbs)\n" ;      stone = stn;      pds_left = lbs;      pounds =  stn * Lbs_per_stn +lbs;      Show();      cout <<  "leave "  << __func__ <<  "(int stn, double lbs)\n" ; }   Stonewt::Stonewt()           // default constructor, wt = 0 {      cout <<  "enter "  << __func__ <<  "()\n" ;      stone = pounds = pds_left = 0;      Show();      cout <<  "leave "  << __func__ <<  "()\n" ; }   Stonewt::Stonewt( const  Stonewt &st)   // copy constructor {      cout <<  "enter "  << __func__ <<  "(const &)\n" ;      stone = st.stone;      pounds = st.pounds;      pds_left = st.pds_left;      Show();      cout <<  "leave "  << __func__ <<  "(const &)\n" ; }   Stonewt::~Stonewt()          // destructor {      cout <<  "enter "  << __func__ <<  "()\n" ;      Show();      cout <<  "leave "  << __func__ <<  "()\n" ; }   Stonewt& Stonewt::operator=( const  Stonewt &st) {      cout <<  "enter "  << __func__ <<  "(const &)\n" ;      if ( this  == &st){          cout <<  "same object\n" ;          return  * this ;      }      stone = st.stone;      pounds = st.pounds;      pds_left = st.pds_left;      Show();      cout <<  "leave "  << __func__ <<  "(const &)\n" ;      return  * this ; }   // conversion functions Stonewt::operator  double () const {      cout <<  "enter "  << __func__ <<  "()\n" ;      Show();      cout <<  "leave "  << __func__ <<  "()\n" ;      return  pounds;  }   int  main(){      Stonewt obj1 = 275;  // uses constructor to initialize      obj1 = 276.8;       // uses constructor for conversion      cout <<  double (obj1) << endl; }

测试结果：

enter Stonewt(double lbs)

         this = 0x7fff20137160, (stone, pds_left) = (27, 5), pounds = 275

leave Stonewt(double lbs)

enter Stonewt(double lbs)

         this = 0x7fff20137180, (stone, pds_left) = (27, 6.8), pounds = 276.8

leave Stonewt(double lbs)

enter operator=(const &)

         this = 0x7fff20137160, (stone, pds_left) = (27, 6.8), pounds = 276.8

leave operator=(const &)

enter ~Stonewt()

         this = 0x7fff20137180, (stone, pds_left) = (27, 6.8), pounds = 276.8

leave ~Stonewt()

enter operator double()

         this = 0x7fff20137160, (stone, pds_left) = (27, 6.8), pounds = 276.8

leave operator double()

276.8

enter ~Stonewt()

         this = 0x7fff20137160, (stone, pds_left) = (27, 6.8), pounds = 276.8

leave ~Stonewt()

      本文转自FrankNie0101 51CTO博客，原文链接：http://blog.51cto.com/frankniefaquan/1934950，如需转载请自行联系原作者