Web服务基础五之yum安装配置LAMP环境+博客系统WordPress

Apache本身只支持静态网页，但目前的绝大多数网站都是动态Web站点，所以在实际应用中，Apache还必须得跟其它一些应用软件配合使用，只有这样才能构建一个高效可用的Web平台，目前使用较多的是LAMP平台（LAMP：Linux+Apace+MySQL+PHP）。在部署LAMP时，安装的一般顺序是Linux、Apache、MySQL、PHP，实际应用中，这些软件也大都是采用源码编译的方式来安装。

以下演示一个基本的LAMP环境搭建过程：

一、安装软件

1、RHEL6.3安装、配置：

• 安装见之前的文章：RHEL6基础之四RHEL系统安装

• 设置防火墙，开启mysql port:3306 apache port:80

  [root@justin ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/iptables
  # Firewall configuration written by system-config-firewall
  # Manual customization of this file is not recommended.
  *filter
  :INPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
  :FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0]
  :OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
  -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
  -A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT
  -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
  -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT
  -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
  -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT
  -A INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
  -A FORWARD -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
  COMMITTips

• 设置SELinux：这里关闭SELinux，线上环境根据具体情况设定
  

  [root@justin ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config
  # This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
  # SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
  #     enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
  #     permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
  #     disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
  #SELINUX=enforcing
  SELINUX=disabled
  # SELINUXTYPE= can take one of these two values:
  #     targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
  #     mls - Multi Level Security protection.
  #SELINUXTYPE=targeted
  [root@justin ~]# reboot

  Tips：SELinux设置为disabled需要重启机器才能生效，设置为enforcing和permissive只需要重启服务即可。

2、安装Apache服务

[root@justin ~]# rpm -qa|grep httpd
[root@justin ~]# yum install httpd -y

   Tips：RHEL未注册是无法通过yum来安装，这里使用CentOS的yum，配置见之前的文章：RHEL6基础二十三之RHEL使用centos的Yum源

[root@justin ~]# /etc/init.d/httpd start
Starting httpd: httpd: apr_sockaddr_info_get() failed for justin
httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.0.1 for ServerName
                                                           [  OK  ]
[root@justin ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
 276 ServerName localhost
[root@justin ~]# chkconfig --level 35 httpd on
[root@justin ~]# /etc/init.d/httpd restart
Stopping httpd:                                            [  OK  ]
Starting httpd:                                            [  OK  ]
[root@justin ~]#

   Tips：Apache启动之后会提示错误：正在启动 httpd:httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualif domain name, using ::1 for ServerName ，修改配置文件276行为自己域名或者修改为localhost。

3、安装MySQL服务

• 安装、启动

  [root@justin ~]# yum install mysql mysql-server -y
  [root@justin ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
  Initializing MySQL database:  Installing MySQL system tables...
  OK
  Filling help tables...
  OK
  To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy
  support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system
  PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER !
  To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands:
  /usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password'
  /usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root -h justin password 'new-password'
  Alternatively you can run:
  /usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation
  which will also give you the option of removing the test
  databases and anonymous user created by default.  This is
  strongly recommended for production servers.
  See the manual for more instructions.
  You can start the MySQL daemon with:
  cd /usr ; /usr/bin/mysqld_safe &
  You can test the MySQL daemon with mysql-test-run.pl
  cd /usr/mysql-test ; perl mysql-test-run.pl
  Please report any problems with the /usr/bin/mysqlbug script!
                                                             [  OK  ]
  Starting mysqld:                                           [  OK  ]
  [root@justin ~]# chkconfig --level 35 mysqld on
  [root@justin ~]#

• 拷贝配置文件、设置root账户密码（该root非系统账户root）

[root@justin ~]# cp /usr/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
cp: overwrite `/etc/my.cnf'? y
[root@justin ~]# mysql_secure_installation
NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MySQL
      SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE!  PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!
In order to log into MySQL to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user.  If you've just installed MySQL, and
you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.
Enter current password for root (enter for none):
OK, successfully used password, moving on...
Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MySQL
root user without the proper authorisation.
Set root password? [Y/n] y    --设置root密码
New password:
Re-enter new password:
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
 ... Success!
By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MySQL without having to have a user account created for
them.  This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother.  You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y    --移除匿名用户
 ... Success!
Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'.  This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] y  --不允许远程通过root登陆
 ... Success!
By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access.  This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y  --移除测试数据库
 - Dropping test database...
 ... Success!
 - Removing privileges on test database...
 ... Success!
Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y    --重新加载特权表
 ... Success!
Cleaning up...
All done!  If you've completed all of the above steps, your MySQL
installation should now be secure.
Thanks for using MySQL!
[root@justin ~]#

Tips：怎么修改数据库密码？遗忘数据库密码？ 这里先不给出答案，先想下，稍后会通过微信平台给出，或者微信平台回复“mysql root密码”获取答案，如果无法获取回复可以通过回复“关键词”来获取相关问题关键词，然后再回复该关键词即可。

4、安装PHP

[root@justin ~]# yum install php php-mysql -y
Dependency Installed:
  php-cli.i686 0:5.3.3-27.el6_5      php-common.i686 0:5.3.3-27.el6_5      php-pdo.i686 0:5.3.3-27.el6_5  
Complete!
[root@justin ~]# vim /var/www/html/index.php
<?php
phpinfo();
?>
[root@justin ~]# /etc/init.d/httpd restart
Stopping httpd:                                            [  OK  ]
Starting httpd:                                            [  OK  ]
[root@justin ~]#

浏览器里输入服务器IP地址就可以查看到php的信息

Tips：apache默认的程序目录是/var/www/html 权限设置：chown apache.apache -R /var/www/html ；chmod 700 -R /var/www/html/ 至此，RHEL6.3安装配置LAMP服务器(Apache+PHP5+MySQL)完成，下面搭建博客系统wordpress

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二、搭建Wordpress博客系统

一、下载上传软件包

先在下载Wordpress软件包，解压wordpress包后使用WinSCP工具把wordpress-x.x.x-zh_CN\wordpress文件夹里面的所有文件以二进制方式上到/var/www/html/目录（上传前删除/var/www/html/下所有文件）二、创建wordpress数据库

[root@justin ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 5
Server version: 5.1.71-log Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> create database wordpress;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> exit
Bye
[root@justin ~]#

三、安装wordpress

点击【创建配置文件】→【现在就开始】进入以下界面，根据实际情况填写，以下为我的信息

填写完后点击【提交】→【进行安装】出现以下界面，根据实际情况填写，以下为我的信息

填写完毕点击【安装wordpress】→点击【登陆】→输入帐号信息后进入博客管理界面

至此，RHEL 6.3编译安装LAMP+博客系统WordPress安装完成

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