bash 2-CSDN博客

一 test条件判断

test命令可用于评估bash脚本中的表达式。它评估其参数所指定的表达式,如果表达式

为true,返回零退出状态,如果表达式为false,则返回非零退出状态。test具有替代语

法,使用方括号"[]"将表达式括起来,这样更易于阅读。

语法:test EXPRESSION 或 [EXPRESSION]

【1】非零或零长度字符串运算符:test -{n|z} STRING

[root@desktop ~]# a=1

[root@desktop ~]# test -n "$a" ;echo $?

0 ###查看"$a"是否为非0，显示退出状态。是非0，退出为0

[root@desktop ~]# test -n "$b" ;echo $?

1 ###查看"$b"是否为非0，显示退出状态。$b不存在。退出为1

[root@desktop ~]# test -z "$a" ;echo $?

1 ###查看"$a"是否为0，显示退出状态。不是0，退出为1

[root@desktop ~]# [ -n "$a" ]&& echo yes

yes ###判断"$a"是否为存在，存在显示yes。

[root@desktop ~]# [ -n "$b" ]&& echo yes||echo no

no ###判断"$b" 是否为存在，存在显示yes不存在显示no。

[root@desktop ~]# [ -z "$b" ]&& echo yes||echo no

yes ###判断"$b"是否为不存在，不存在显示yes存在显示no。

[root@desktop ~]# [ -z "$a" ]&& echo yes ||echo no

no ###判断"$a"是否为不存在，不存在显示yes存在显示no

[root@desktop ~]# cd /mnt

[root@desktop mnt]# ls

[root@desktop mnt]# vim check_ip.sh

###################start#####################

#!/bin/bash

[ -n "$*" ] &&(

ping -c1 -w1 $* &> /dev/null && echo $* is up || echo $* is down

)||(

echo "please give me a ipaddress"

)

###################end#####################

-n "$*" 查看"$*"存在吗？

&& ##判断命令

ping -c1 -w1 $* &> /dev/null && echo $* is up || echo $* is down ###存在；查看能否ping通，通显示此主机开机，不通，显示此主机关机；且每隔1秒换行，每个一秒执行ping命令。

echo "please give me a ipaddress" ###不存在；显示请给我一个IP地址

[root@desktop mnt]# chmod +x /mnt/check_ip.sh

[root@desktop mnt]# /mnt/check_ip.sh

please give me a ipaddress

[root@desktop mnt]# /mnt/check_ip.sh 172.25.254.44

172.25.254.44 is up

[root@desktop mnt]# vim check_ip1.sh

[1]+ Stopped vim check_ip1.sh

[root@desktop mnt]# vim check_ip.sh

[root@desktop mnt]# fg

vim check_ip1.sh

###################start#####################

#!/bin/bash

while

[ -z "$*" ]

echo "please give me a ipaddress"

exit 1 ###给了IP后-z "$*"不为0，退出为1

done

ping -c1 -w1 $* &> /dev/null && echo $* is up || echo $* is down

###################end#####################

[root@desktop mnt]# chmod +x /mnt/check_ip1.sh

[root@desktop mnt]# /mnt/check_ip1.sh

please give me a ipaddress

[root@desktop mnt]# /mnt/check_ip1.sh 172.25.254.44

172.25.254.44 is up

【2】字符串比较运算符:=、!=

[root@desktop mnt]# cd

[root@desktop ~]# a=1

[root@desktop ~]# b=1

[root@desktop ~]# [ "$a" = "$b" ]&& echo yes ||echo no

yes

[root@desktop ~]# b=2

[root@desktop ~]# [ "$a" = "$b" ]&& echo yes ||echo no

[root@desktop ~]# [ "$a" != "$b" ]&& echo yes ||echo no

yes

[root@desktop ~]# [ ! "$a" = "$b" ]&& echo yes ||echo no

yes ### ! 判断等式不成立，判断正确

[root@desktop ~]# [ ! "$a" != "$b" ]&& echo yes ||echo no

no ### ! 判断等式不成立，判断错误

【3】数字比较运算符:-eq、-ne、-lt、-le、-gt、-ge

初始值：a=1;b=2;

[root@desktop ~]# [ "$a" -eq "$b" ]&& echo yes ||echo no

no ###eq 等于

[root@desktop ~]# [ "$a" -le "$b" ]&& echo yes ||echo no

yes ###le 小于等于

[root@desktop ~]# b=1

[root@desktop ~]# [ "$a" -le "$b" ]&& echo yes ||echo no

yes

[root@desktop ~]# [ "$a" -lt "$b" ]&& echo yes ||echo no

no ###lt 小于

[root@desktop ~]# [ "$a" -gt "$b" ]&& echo yes ||echo no

no ###gt 大于

[root@desktop ~]# [ "$a" -ge "$b" ]&& echo yes ||echo no

yes ###gt 大于等于

[root@desktop ~]# [ "$a" -ne "$b" ]&& echo yes ||echo no

no ###ne 不等于

[root@desktop ~]# b=2

[root@desktop ~]# [ "$a" -ne "$b" ]&& echo yes ||echo no

yes

[root@desktop ~]# cd

[root@desktop ~]# cd /mnt

[root@desktop mnt]# ls

check_ip1.sh check_ip.sh

[root@desktop mnt]# vim check_num.sh

###################start#####################

#!/bin/bash

while

[ -z "$*" ]

echo "please give me two number" ##判断[ -z "$*" ]正确，显示"please give me two number"

exit 1 给了值之后判断[ -z "$*" ]错误，退出状态为1

done

NUM=$[$1+$2] ##判断[ -z "$*" ]错误，将两数相加求和，

[ $NUM -le 10 ] && echo "the results is smaller than 10" || echo "the results is biger than 10" ###比较和与10的大小，比10小显示the results is smaller than 10；比10大显示the results is biger than 10；

###################end#####################

[root@desktop mnt]# chmod +x check_num.sh

[root@desktop mnt]# /mnt/check_num.sh

please give me two number

[root@desktop mnt]# /mnt/check_num.sh 2 3

the results is smaller than 10

[root@desktop mnt]# /mnt/check_num.sh 2 10

the results is biger than 10

[root@desktop mnt]# vim check_num1.sh

###################start#####################

#!/bin/bash

while

[ -z "$1" -o -z "$2" ] ###判断 "$1" 或者 "$2"有一个不存在

echo "please give me two number after /mnt/check_num1.sh

you can use /mnt/check_num1.sh like this:

[/mnt/check_num1.sh num1 num2]"

exit 1

done

((NUM=$1+$2)) ###"$1" 或者 "$2"两个都存在

while

[ "$NUM" -lt 10 ]

echo "$1+$2 is smaller than 10"

exit 0

done

echo "$1+$2 is biger than 10"

###################end#####################

[root@desktop mnt]# chmod +x check_num1.sh

[root@desktop mnt]# /mnt/check_num1.sh

please give me two number after /mnt/check_num1.sh

you can use /mnt/check_num1.sh like this:

[/mnt/check_num1.sh num1 num2]

[root@desktop mnt]# /mnt/check_num1.sh -2 3

-2+3 is smaller than 10

[root@desktop mnt]# /mnt/check_num1.sh -2 20

-2+20 is biger than 10

【4】文件状态运算符:test -{b|c|e|f|d|r|w|x|s|L} FILE/DIRECTORY

查看文件的形式

|r|w|x| ###测试文件是否是可读可写可执行文件

[root@server0 ~]# [ -b /dev/sda ]; echo $?

1 ####-b 检测文件是否是块设备

[root@server0 ~]# [ -c /dev/zero ]; echo $?

0 ####-b 检测文件是否是字符设备

[root@server0 ~]# [ -e /etc/passwd ]; echo $?

0 ###-e 测试文件是否存在

[root@server0 ~]# [ -f /etc/passwd ]; echo $?

0 ###-f 测试文件是否为普通文件

[root@server0 ~]# [ -d /etc/passwd ]; echo $?

1 ###-d 测试文件是否为目录

[root@server0 ~]# [ -L /etc/passwd ]; echo $?

[root@desktop mnt]# [ -b "/dev/vdb" ]&& echo yes ||echo no

yes

[root@desktop mnt]# [ -c "/dev/pts/0" ]&& echo yes ||echo no

yes

[root@desktop mnt]# [ -e "/mnt" ]&& echo yes ||echo no

yes

[root@desktop mnt]# [ -e "/m" ]&& echo yes ||echo no

[root@desktop mnt]# [ -d "/mnt" ]&& echo yes ||echo no

yes

[root@desktop mnt]# [ -f"/mnt" ]&& echo yes ||echo no

yes

[root@desktop mnt]# [ -x "/mnt" ]&& echo yes ||echo no

yes

[root@desktop mnt]# [ -s "/dev/pts/0" ]&& echo yes ||echo no

[root@desktop mnt]# touch file

[root@desktop mnt]# [ -s "/mnt/file" ]&& echo yes ||echo no

no ###-s 测试文件长度是否为0

[root@desktop mnt]# echo ll>file

[root@desktop mnt]# [ -s "/mnt/file" ]&& echo yes ||echo no

yes

[root@desktop mnt]# ln -s /mnt/file /mnt/file1

[root@desktop mnt]# [ -L "/mnt/file" ]&& echo yes ||echo no

no ###-L 测试文件是否为链接

[root@desktop mnt]# [ -L "/mnt/file1" ]&& echo yes ||echo no

yes

[root@desktop mnt]# [ -h "/mnt/file" ]&& echo yes ||echo no

[root@desktop mnt]# vim check_file.sh

###################start#####################

#!/bin/bash

while [ -z "$*" ] 判断/mnt/check_file.sh之后是否为空

do ###为空作：

echo "please give me an file"

exit 1

done ###不为空

[ -e "$1" ] || (echo $1 is not exist!;exit 1)##当文件不存在是显示文件不存在

[ -d "$1" ] && echo "This file is direc" ###-d 测试文件是否为目录

[ -c "$1" ] && echo "This file is ASCII"

[ -s "$1" ] && echo "This file is sockt" ###-s 测试文件长度是否为0

[ -L "$1" ] && echo "This file is link" ###-L 测试文件是否为链接

[ -f "$1" ] && echo "This file is file" ###-f 测试文件是否为普通文件

[ -b "$1" ] && echo "This file is block"

[ -e "$1" ] && echo "not file"###-e 测试文件是否存在

##############end######################

[root@desktop mnt]# /mnt/check_file.sh /mnt

This file is direc

This file is sockt

[root@desktop mnt]# /mnt/check_file.sh

please give me an file

[root@desktop mnt]# /mnt/check_file.sh /m

/m is not exist!

[root@desktop mnt]# /mnt/check_file.sh /dev

This file is direc

This file is sockt

[root@desktop mnt]# /mnt/check_file.sh /mnt/file1

This file is sockt

This file is link

This file is file

【5】二进制文件运算符:-ef、-nt、-ot

[root@server0 bin]# [ /bin/mount -ef /usr/bin/mount ]; echo $?

0 #######-ef 两个文件是否相同

[root@server0 bin]# [ /bin/mount -nt /usr/bin/mount ]; echo $?

1 ######### -nt 第一个文件是否比第二个新

[root@server0 bin]# [ /bin/mount -ot /usr/bin/mount ]; echo $?

1 ######### -ot 第一个文件是否比第二个旧

【6】逻辑运算符:-o、-a、!、&&、||

[root@server0 bin]# [ 2 -gt 1 -a 1 -gt 2 ]; echo $?

1 ###判断两个等式都成立，显示退出状态 -a 与关系

[root@server0 bin]# [ 2 -gt 1 -o 1 -gt 2 ]; echo $?

0 ##判断两个等式其中一个成立，显示退出状态 -o 或关系

[root@server0 bin]# [ ! 2 -gt 1 ]; echo $?

1 ##！非关系判断等式不成立，显示退出状态

二 if语句

if命令检查if后面的命令或列表的退出值。如果第一个命令评估为true/零,则运行then

之后的命令列表,直至任一else。如果第一个命令评估为false/非零,则运行else与fi之

间的命令列表(反向平写if,标记if块的结束)。

语法:if command; then command; command2; else command3; fi

示例:

[root@desktop ~]# a=1

[root@desktop ~]# if

> [ "$a" -eq "1" ]

> then

> echo yes

> elif

> [ "$a" -eq "2" ]

> then

> echo yes 2

> else

> echo no

> fi

yes

[root@desktop ~]# if [ "$a" -eq "1" ]; then echo yes; elif; [ "$a" -eq "2" ]; then echo yes 2; else echo no; fi

-bash: syntax error near unexpected token `;' ###if命令不能是这种方式

[root@desktop mnt]# vim /mnt/check_file1.sh

##############start######################

#!/bin/bash

[ -z "$*" ] ###判断/mnt/check_file1.sh之后是否为空

then ####为空

echo "user: /mnt/check_file1.sh file|directory"

elif

[ ! -e "$*" ] ###判断/mnt/check_file1.sh之后文件是不存在的

then ###判断正确

echo "$* is not exist!! "

elif

[ -L "$*" ] ###判断/mnt/check_file1.sh之后文件是链接

then ###判断正确

echo "$* is a soft link"

else ###判断错误

echo "no"

##############end######################

[root@desktop mnt]# /mnt/check_file1.sh

-bash: /mnt/check_file1.sh: Permission denied

[root@desktop mnt]# chmod +x /mnt/check_file1.sh

[root@desktop mnt]# /mnt/check_file1.sh

user: /mnt/check_file1.sh file|directory

[root@desktop mnt]# /mnt/check_file1.sh /m

/m is not exist!!

[root@desktop dev]# /mnt/check_file1.sh /etc/system-release

/etc/system-release is a soft link

[root@desktop dev]# /mnt/check_file1.sh /mnt

[root@desktop dev]# /mnt/check_file1.sh /dev

三 case语句

case语句 :它能够把变量的内容与多个模板进行匹配,再根据成功匹配的模板去决定应该执行哪

部分代码。

case "$1" in

start)

systemctl start $2

;;

stop)

systemctl stop $2

;;

reload|restart)

systemctl stop $2

systemctl start $2

;;

echo "Usage: $0 (start|stop|restart|reload)"

;;

esac

[root@desktop mnt]# vim ctrl_user.sh

[root@desktop mnt]# chmod +x ctrl_user.sh

[root@desktop mnt]# vim file

[root@desktop mnt]# cat file

westos

linux

[root@desktop mnt]# /mnt/ctrl_user.sh

INPUT: ctrl_user.sh create|delete userfile

[root@desktop mnt]# /mnt/ctrl_user.sh delete

please give me a userfile

[root@desktop mnt]# /mnt/ctrl_user.sh create

please give me a userfile

[root@desktop mnt]# /mnt/ctrl_user.sh create /mnt/file

Changing password for user westos.

passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

Changing password for user linux.

passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

[root@desktop mnt]# id westos

uid=1001(westos) gid=1001(westos) groups=1001(westos)

[root@desktop mnt]# id linux

uid=1002(linux) gid=1002(linux) groups=1002(linux)

[root@desktop mnt]# /mnt/ctrl_user.sh delete /mnt/file

[root@desktop mnt]# id linux

id: linux: no such user

[root@desktop mnt]# id westos

id: westos: no such user

[root@desktop mnt]# /mnt/ctrl_user.sh delete /mnt/f

/mnt/f is not exist

[root@desktop mnt]# /mnt/ctrl_user.sh create /mnt/file

Changing password for user westos.

passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

Changing password for user linux.

passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

[root@desktop mnt]# /mnt/ctrl_user.sh create /mnt/file

westos is exist

linux is exist

##############start ######################

#!/bin/bash

case $1 in

create) ###建立用户

if ##如果

[ -z "$2" ] 查看"$2"是否不存在

then ##不存在，然后

echo "please give me a userfile" ##显示给一个userfile

elif ###否则

[ ! -e "$2" ] 查看"$2" 是否正确

then ####不正确

echo $2 is not exist ###显示文件不存在

else ###其他，文件存在且正确

for NAME in `cat $2` ###用户名字从文件中查看

USER=`getent passwd $NAME`

[ -z "$USER" ]

then ###用户不存在

useradd $NAME ###建立用户

echo westos | passwd --stdin $NAME ##修改密码

else

echo $NAME is exist ###用户已存在，显示已存在

done

;;

delete) ####删除

[ -z "$2" ]查看"$2"是否不存在

then##不存在，然后

echo please give me a userfile##显示给一个userfile

elif###否则

[ ! -e "$2" ]查看"$2" 是否正确

then####不正确

echo $2 is not exist###显示文件不存在

else

for NAME in `cat $2` ###用户名字从文件中查看

do userdel -r $NAME ##删除用户

done

;;

echo "INPUT: ctrl_user.sh create|delete userfile" 上面情况都不是；显示INPUT: ctrl_user.sh create|delete userfile

esac

##############end######################

四使用函数

pathmunge () {

if [ "$2" = "after" ] ; then

PATH=$PATH:$1

else

PATH=$1:$PATH

}

...

if [ "$EUID" = "0" ]; then

pathmunge /usr/sbin

pathmunge /usr/local/sbin

else

pathmunge /usr/local/sbin after

pathmunge /usr/sbin after

[root@desktop mnt]# vim ctrl_user1.sh

[1]+ Stopped vim ctrl_user1.sh

[root@desktop mnt]# vim ctrl_user.sh

[root@desktop mnt]# fg

vim ctrl_user1.sh

[root@desktop mnt]# chnod +x ctrl_user1.sh

bash: chnod: command not found...

[root@desktop mnt]# chmod +x ctrl_user1.sh

[root@desktop mnt]# /mnt/ctrl_user1.sh

INPUT: ctrl_user1.sh create|delete userfile

[root@desktop mnt]# /mnt/ctrl_user1.sh create

please give me a userfile

[root@desktop mnt]# /mnt/ctrl_user1.sh create /mnt/file

westos exist

linux exist

[root@desktop mnt]# /mnt/ctrl_user1.sh delete /mnt/file

[root@desktop mnt]# /mnt/ctrl_user1.sh create /mnt/file

Changing password for user westos.

passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

Changing password for user linux.

passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

[root@desktop mnt]# /mnt/ctrl_user1.sh create /mn

/mn is not exist

##############start######################

#!/bin/bash

ACTION () { 建立函数

[ -z "$4" ] ###"$4" 是否为空

then ###"$4" 为空

echo "please give me a userfile" ##显示给一个userfile

elif ###"$4" 不为空，

[ ! -e "$4" ]###查看文件是否正确

then ###文件不正确

echo $4 is not exist ####显示文件不存在

else###文件正确

for NAME in `cat $4`###用户名字从文件中查看

USER=`getent passwd $NAME`

[ $1 "$USER" ] ###是否建立|删除用户

then

$2 $NAME ###建立用户，修改密码

[ "$2" = "useradd" ]&& (echo westos | passwd --stdin $NAME)

else ###否则，删除用户

echo $NAME $3

done

}

[ "$1" = "create" ]

then

ACTION -z "useradd" 'exist' $2 ####调用函数

elif

[ "$1" = "delete" ]

then

ACTION -n "userdel -r" 'not exist' $2 ####调用函数

else

echo "INPUT: ctrl_user1.sh create|delete userfile"

##############end######################

五 expect语句

在shell中利用expect实现自动应答脚本。

# cat talk

echo "who are you?"

read who

echo "hello, $who"

echo "are you

happy?"

read answer

echo "why?"

read answer

# cat auto

#!/usr/bin/expect

#set timeout 10

spawn ./talk

expect "who"

send "firefly\n"

expect "happy?"

send "Yes,I am happy.\n"

expect "why?"

send "任性!\n"

expect eof

exit

[root@desktop mnt]# vim ask.sh

###########

#!/bin/bash

read -p "Who are you: " USER

read -p "How old are you: " AGE

read -p "What's your class: " CLASS

read -p "Are you happy: " FEEL

echo $USER is ${AGE}\'s old study $CLASS and FEEL $FEEL

###########

[root@desktop mnt]# chmod +x ask.sh

[root@desktop mnt]# /mnt/ask.sh

Who are you: zhang

How old are you: 18

What's your class: linux

Are you happy: happy

zhang is 18's old study linux and FEEL happy

[root@desktop mnt]# yum install expect -y

[root@desktop mnt]# which expect

/usr/bin/expect

[root@desktop mnt]# vim answer.exp

[root@desktop mnt]# expect answer.exp

spawn /mnt/ask.sh

Who are you: zhang

How old are you: 18

What's your class: linux

Are you happy: happy

zhang is 18's old study linux and FEEL happy

#!/usr/bin/expect

这一行告诉操作系统脚本里的代码使用那一个shell来执行。

set timeout 10

设置后面所有的expect命令的等待响应的超时时间,单位为秒。

spawn talk

spawn是expect的内部命令,作用是给后面的shell指令加个壳,用来传递交互指令。

expect "who"

判断上次输出结果里是否包含“who”的字符串,如果有则立即返回,否则等待超时时间后返回。

send "westos\n"

执行交互动作,相当于手工输入"westos"。

expect eof

作用是在输出中搜索文件结束符,如果没有这一行,脚本会立即退出,得不到正确结果。

interact

执行完成后保持交互状态,把控制权交给控制台,这个时候就可以手工操作了。否则退出登录。

$argv 参数数组

expect脚本可以接受从bash传递过来的参数.可以使用[lindex $argv n]获得,n从0开始,分别表示第

一个,第二个,第三个....参数。

#######################

#!/usr/bin/expect###告诉操作系统脚本里的代码使用那一个shell来执行

spawn /mnt/ask.sh###用来传递交互指令

expect "Who"判断上次输出结果里是否包含“who”

send "zhang\r"执行交互动作,相当于手工输入

expect "How"

send "18\r"

expect "class"

send "linux\r"

expect "happy"

send "happy\r"

expect eof ###作用是在输出中搜索文件结束符

###########################

[root@desktop mnt]# vim answer1.exp

[root@desktop mnt]# expect answer1.exp yan 12 abc "no happy"

spawn /mnt/ask.sh

Who are you: yan

How old are you: 12

What's your class: abc

Are you happy: no happy

yan is 12's old study abc and FEEL no happy

#########################

#!/usr/bin/expect

set NAME [ lindex $argv 0 ]###设置变量NAME

set AGE [ lindex $argv 1 ]###设置变量AGE

set CLASS [ lindex $argv 2 ]###设置变量CLASS

set FEEL [ lindex $argv 3 ]###设置变量FEEL

spawn /mnt/ask.sh 监视/mnt/ask.sh

expect "Who" ####遇见 Who

send "$NAME\r" ####调用变量NAME

expect "How"

send "$AGE\r"

expect "class"

send "$CLASS\r"

expect "happy"

send "$FEEL\r"

interact 执行完成后保持交互状态

#############################

自动登陆：ipb不定密码确定

[root@desktop mnt]# vim ip.exp

##########################

#!/usr/bin/expect

set ip [ lindex $argv 0 ]###设置变量ip

spawn ssh root@$ip ####监视 ssh root@$ip

expect "yes/no" #####提问

send "yes\r" ####应答yes

expect "password:" #####提问

send "westos\r" ####应答密码

interact

##########################

[root@desktop mnt]# chmod +x /mnt/ip.exp

[root@desktop mnt]# /mnt/ip.exp 172.25.254.44

spawn ssh root@172.25.254.44

yes

root@172.25.254.44's password:

Last login: Wed Jun 21 23:04:40 2017 from 172.25.254.144

自动登陆：ipb不定密码不确定

[root@desktop mnt]# vim ip.exp

[root@desktop mnt]# /mnt/ip.exp 172.25.254.44 westos

spawn ssh root@172.25.254.44

yes

root@172.25.254.44's password:

Last failed login: Wed Jun 21 23:23:02 CST 2017 from 172.25.254.144 on ssh:notty

There were 2 failed login attempts since the last successful login.

Last login: Wed Jun 21 23:14:20 2017 from 172.25.254.144

[root@foundation44 ~]# logout

[root@desktop mnt]# /mnt/ip.exp 172.25.254.144 redhat

spawn ssh root@172.25.254.144

yes

root@172.25.254.144's password:

Last login: Wed Jun 21 11:27:27 2017 from 172.25.254.144

自动应答： /mnt/host

[root@desktop mnt]# vim host.sh

###################

#!/bin/bash

if [ -n "$*" ] ####查看"$*"是否为存在

then ####存在

MAX_LINE=`wc -l $* | awk '{print $1}'` ####设置文件内容的最大行数。取每行的第一端字节

for NUM in `seq 1 $MAX_LINE` ####设置变量NUM的取值

ip=`sed -n ${NUM}p $* | awk '{print $1}'` ###ip 取每行的第一段字节

PASS=`sed -n ${NUM}p $* | awk '{print $2}'`###PASS 取每行的第二段字节

echo ip is $ip ####显示格式

echo PASS is $PASS

done

###########################

[root@desktop mnt]# vim host

[root@desktop mnt]# cat host

172.25.254.44 westos

172.25.254.144 rdhat

[root@desktop mnt]# chmod +x host.sh

[root@desktop mnt]# /mnt/host.sh /mnt/host

ip is 172.25.254.44

PASS is westos

ip is 172.25.254.144

PASS is redhat

自动应答： /mnt/host hostname

[root@desktop mnt]# vim host.sh

######################################

#!/bin/bash

if [ -n "$*" ]

then

MAX_LINE=`wc -l $* | awk '{print $1}'`

for NUM in `seq 1 $MAX_LINE`

IP=`sed -n ${NUM}p $* | awk '{print $1}'`

PASS=`sed -n ${NUM}p $* | awk '{print $2}'`

/mnt/ip.exp $IP $PASS hostname | tail -n 1 执行/mnt/ip.exp $IP $PASS hostname 命令，过滤最后一行

done

else

echo "Useage:check_host.sh <filename>"

#######################################

[root@desktop mnt]# vim ip.exp

################################

#!/usr/bin/expect

set ip [ lindex $argv 0 ]

set PASS [ lindex $argv 1 ]

set COMMAND [ lindex $argv 2 ] ####添加COMMAND 变量

spawn ssh root@$ip $COMMAND #####命令添加COMMAND

expect "yes/no"

send "yes\r"

expect "password: "

send "$PASS\r"

interact

####################################3

[root@desktop mnt]# /mnt/host.sh /mnt/host

foundation44.ilt.example.com

desktop44

六环境变量

shell和脚本使用变量来存储数据 ,有些变量可以连同它们的内容传递给子进程,这些

变量我们称之为环境变量。

【1】使用env命令显示所有环境变量

[student@desktop44 ~]$ env

XDG_SESSION_ID=70

HOSTNAME=desktop44

SHELL=/bin/bash

TERM=xterm-256color

HISTSIZE=1000

USER=student

LS_COLORS=rs=0:di

使用set命令现实所有本地定义的shell变量

Bash启动脚本在用户登录的时候,会运行全局变量文件/etc/profile,和用户自定义变量文件

~/.bash_profile去初始化它们的环境变量。

/etc/profile #####全局变量文件

\_ /etc/profile.d/*.sh

~/.bash_profile #####用户自定义变量文件

\_ ~/.bashrc

\_ /etc/bashrc

环境变量三个级别：

(1)shell级别：更换shell后不存在

[root@desktop mnt]# echo $LINUX

[root@desktop mnt]# LINUX=redhat

[root@desktop mnt]# echo $LINUX

redhat

[root@desktop mnt]# bash

[root@desktop44 mnt]# echo $LINUX

（2）用户级别：切换用户后失效

修改 ~/.bash_profile

[root@desktop44 mnt]# vim ~/.bash_profile

[root@desktop44 mnt]# echo $LINUX

[root@desktop44 mnt]# exit

exit

[root@desktop mnt]# exit

logout

Connection to 172.25.254.144 closed.

[kiosk@foundation44 Desktop]$ ssh root@172.25.254.144

root@172.25.254.144's password:

Last login: Wed Jun 21 11:28:19 2017 from 172.25.254.144

[root@desktop44 ~]# echo $LINUX

redhat

[root@desktop44 ~]# su - student

[student@desktop44 ~]$ echo $LINUX

[student@desktop44 ~]$ exit

logout

(3)系统级别

修改：/etc/profile

[root@desktop44 ~]# vim /etc/profile

[root@desktop44 ~]# su - student

Last login: Wed Jun 21 13:16:30 EDT 2017 on pts/0

[student@desktop44 ~]$ echo $LINUX

redhat

【2】使用别名

（1）alias命令可以用来自定义属于自己的系统命令（临时生效）

[student@desktop44 ~]$ alias####查看别名

[student@desktop44 ~]$ alias xie='vim'####设置别名

[student@desktop44 ~]$ alias

(2)写入~/.bashrc 文件永久生效。

[root@desktop44 ~]# vim ~/.bashrc

[root@desktop44 ~]# source .bashrc #####使文件生效

[root@desktop44 ~]# alias

（3）删除别名: unalias mycomm

[root@desktop44 ~]# vim ~/.bashrc

[root@desktop44 ~]# source .bashrc

[root@desktop44 ~]# alias

本文转自如何何如 51CTO博客，原文链接：http://blog.51cto.com/12778805/1940743，如需转载请自行联系原作者