centos7.2部署vnc服务记录

 

不做过多介绍了，下面直接记录下centos7系统下安装配置vncserver的操作记录

0）更改为启动桌面或命令行模式

获取当前系统启动模式
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl get-default 
multi-user.target

查看配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/inittab
# inittab is no longer used when using systemd.
#
# ADDING CONFIGURATION HERE WILL HAVE NO EFFECT ON YOUR SYSTEM.
#
# Ctrl-Alt-Delete is handled by /usr/lib/systemd/system/ctrl-alt-del.target
#
# systemd uses 'targets' instead of runlevels. By default, there are two main targets:
#
# multi-user.target: analogous to runlevel 3          //命令行模式
# graphical.target: analogous to runlevel 5          //图形界面模式
#
# To view current default target, run:
# systemctl get-default
#
# To set a default target, run:
# systemctl set-default TARGET.target
#

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl set-default graphical.target           //由命令行模式更改为图形界面模式
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl set-default multi-user.target          //由图形界面模式更改为命令行模式

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl get-default 
graphical.target

1）关闭防火墙
centos的防火墙是firewalld，关闭防火墙的命令
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service #停止firewall
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable firewalld.service #禁止firewall开机启动

[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
[root@localhost ~]# getenforce
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/selinux
SELINUX=disabled
SELINUXTYPE=targeted

2）安装软件：
[root@localhost ~]# yum update
[root@localhost ~]# yum groupinstall "GNOME Desktop" "X Window System" "Desktop"
[root@localhost ~]# yum install tigervnc-server tigervnc vnc vnc-server

3）配置vnc连接
[root@localhost ~]# cp /lib/systemd/system/vncserver@.service /etc/systemd/system/vncserver@:1.service
修改/etc/systemd/system/vncserver@:1.service
找到这一行
ExecStart=/sbin/runuser -l <USER> -c "/usr/bin/vncserver %i"
PIDFile=/home/<USER>/.vnc/%H%i.pid

这里直接用root 用户登录，所以我替换成
ExecStart=/sbin/runuser -l root -c "/usr/bin/vncserver %i"
PIDFile=/root/.vnc/%H%i.pid

如果是其他用户的话比如john替换如下
ExecStart=/sbin/runuser -l john -c "/usr/bin/vncserver %i"
PIDFile=/home/john/.vnc/%H%i.pid

由于直接root用户登录，所以配置如下：
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/systemd/system/vncserver@:1.service
.........
[Unit]
Description=Remote desktop service (VNC)
After=syslog.target network.target

[Service]
Type=forking
# Clean any existing files in /tmp/.X11-unix environment
ExecStartPre=/bin/sh -c '/usr/bin/vncserver -kill %i > /dev/null 2>&1 || :'
ExecStart=/usr/sbin/runuser -l root -c "/usr/bin/vncserver %i"
PIDFile=/root/.vnc/%H%i.pid
ExecStop=/bin/sh -c '/usr/bin/vncserver -kill %i > /dev/null 2>&1 || :'

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

为VNC设密码（比如密码设置为123456）
[root@localhost ~]# vncpasswd
Password:
Verify:
Would you like to enter a view-only password (y/n)? n             #注意表示"是否输入一个只能查看的密码，选择否",否则连接vnc会出现黑屏
A view-only password is not used

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/libvirt/qemu.conf
vnc_password = "123456"
vnc_listen = "0.0.0.0"

重加载 systemd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl daemon-reload

启动vnc
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable vncserver@:1.service
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start vncserver@:1.service

注意，此处关闭了防火墙
如果防火墙开了，需要开通一下规则：
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service vnc-server
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart firewalld.service
如果是iptable，则需要在/etc/sysconfig/iptables里添加：
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 5900:5903 -j ACCEPT

关闭vnc连接
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/bin/vncserver -kill :1

测试vnc连接：
[root@localhost ~]# novnc_server --vnc 192.168.1.8:5901 --listen 6081
Warning: could not find self.pem
Starting webserver and WebSockets proxy on port 6081
WebSocket server settings:
- Listen on :6081
- Flash security policy server
- Web server. Web root: /usr/share/novnc
- No SSL/TLS support (no cert file)
- proxying from :6081 to 192.168.1.8:5901

Navigate to this URL:

http://kvm-server:6081/vnc.html?host=kvm-server&port=6081 #http访问方式

Press Ctrl-C to exit

由于kvm-server的主机名对于ip是112.112.113.56，所以在浏览器里输入：
http://112.112.113.56:6081/vnc.html?host=112.112.113.56&port=6081

也可以在本地windows机器上安装vnc viewer，远程访问
在windows下安装vnc客户端，
下载地址：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1hrSIr4K
提取密码：dqdt
   
VNC远程连接信息（下面ip是VNC服务端的地址）：
VNC Server： 112.112.113.56:5901
Encrytion：Let VNC Server choose
   
然后输入vncpasswd的密码即可完成VNC远程连接！