django 之model-CSDN博客

在models.py中书写代码如下

修改了模型，先migrations 再执行migrate操作

sh-3.2# python manage.py syncdb

Unknown command: 'syncdb'

Type 'manage.py help' for usage.

sh-3.2# ls -l

total 32

drwxr-xr-x 6 wulili staff 204 10 29 10:27 .idea

-rwxrwxrwx 1 root staff 12288 10 28 15:01 db.sqlite3

-rwxrwxrwx 1 root staff 804 10 28 14:59 manage.py

drwxrwxrwx 2 root staff 68 10 28 20:46 media

drwxrwxrwx 10 root staff 340 10 29 09:22 mysite

drwxrwxrwx 13 root staff 442 10 29 10:27 order

drwxr-xr-x 2 wulili staff 68 10 28 20:56 templ

sh-3.2# manage.py help

sh: manage.py: command not found

sh-3.2# python manage.py help －－也没找到syncdb

Type 'manage.py help <subcommand>' for help on a specific subcommand.

Available subcommands:

[auth]

changepassword

createsuperuser

[django]

check

compilemessages

createcachetable

dbshell

diffsettings

dumpdata

flush

inspectdb

loaddata

makemessages

makemigrations

migrate

sendtestemail

shell

showmigrations

sqlflush

sqlmigrate

sqlsequencereset

squashmigrations

startapp

startproject

test

testserver

[sessions]

clearsessions

[staticfiles]

collectstatic

findstatic

runserver

创建数据库和表结构

sh-3.2# python manage.py migrate 又是版本原因，我的 Django是1.10版本，要是用这个命令。

Operations to perform:

Apply all migrations: admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions

Running migrations:

Applying contenttypes.0001_initial... OK

Applying auth.0001_initial... OK

Applying admin.0001_initial... OK

Applying admin.0002_logentry_remove_auto_add... OK

Applying contenttypes.0002_remove_content_type_name... OK

Applying auth.0002_alter_permission_name_max_length... OK

Applying auth.0003_alter_user_email_max_length... OK

Applying auth.0004_alter_user_username_opts... OK

Applying auth.0005_alter_user_last_login_null... OK

Applying auth.0006_require_contenttypes_0002... OK

Applying auth.0007_alter_validators_add_error_messages... OK

Applying auth.0008_alter_user_username_max_length... OK

Applying sessions.0001_initial... OK

sh-3.2#

sh-3.2# python manage.py createsuperuser 创建管理员账号

Username (leave blank to use 'wulili'): root

Email address: root@aa.com

Password:

Password (again):

This password is too short. It must contain at least 8 characters.

This password is too common.

This password is entirely numeric.

Password:

Password (again):

Superuser created successfully.

sh-3.2#

加了app后需要告诉django你的模型发生了改变，需要迁移数据库

sh-3.2# python manage.py makemigrations 迁移数据库

操作完成后一定记得停掉服务重新启动，pycharm中也要重新加载一下

在启动后，点击product报错，说没有order_product这个表，很是纳闷了，明明显示创建了,怎么还是报错呢

解决方法：把上面的几步重新执行一遍，就会好了。估计是重新加载了

sh-3.2# python manage.py migrate

Operations to perform:

Apply all migrations: admin, auth, contenttypes, order, sessions

Running migrations:

Applying order.0001_initial... OK

sh-3.2# python manage.py makemigrations

No changes detected

查看迁移的sql语句

sh-3.2# ls -l

total 24

-rw-r--r-- 1 root staff 660 10 29 14:09 0001_initial.py

-rw-r--r-- 1 wulili staff 948 10 29 14:12 0001_initial.pyc

-rwxrwxrwx 1 root staff 0 10 28 21:30 __init__.py

-rw-r--r-- 1 wulili staff 136 10 29 09:22 __init__.pyc

sh-3.2# pwd

/Users/wulili/mysite/order/migrations

sh-3.2# cd /Users/wulili/mysite/

sh-3.2#

sh-3.2# python manage.py sqlmigrate order 0001

BEGIN;

-- Create model Product

CREATE TABLE "order_product" ("id" integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, "name" varchar(30) NOT NULL, "price" real NOT NULL);

COMMIT;

sh-3.2#

添加字段后需要做如下操作

sh-3.2# python manage.py migrate

Operations to perform:

Apply all migrations: admin, auth, contenttypes, order, sessions

Running migrations:

No migrations to apply.

Your models have changes that are not yet reflected in a migration, and so won't be applied.

Run 'manage.py makemigrations' to make new migrations, and then re-run 'manage.py migrate' to apply them.

sh-3.2#

sh-3.2# python manage.py makemigrations

You are trying to add a non-nullable field 'Ptype' to product without a default; we can't do that (the database needs something to populate existing rows).

Please select a fix:

1) Provide a one-off default now (will be set on all existing rows with a null value for this column)

2) Quit, and let me add a default in models.py

Select an option: Ptype

Please select a valid option: 1

Please enter the default value now, as valid Python

The datetime and django.utils.timezone modules are available, so you can do e.g. timezone.now

Type 'exit' to exit this prompt

>>> exit

sh-3.2#

在修改了models.py的时候，还是报错，表找不到，真是够费劲，总是报这个错误

我就重新创建了数据库

删除之前创建的数据库

sh-3.2# ls -l

total 272

drwxr-xr-x 6 wulili staff 204 10 29 15:25 .idea

-rwxrwxrwx 1 root staff 135168 10 29 15:33 db.sqlite3

-rwxrwxrwx 1 root staff 804 10 28 14:59 manage.py

drwxrwxrwx 2 root staff 68 10 28 20:46 media

drwxrwxrwx 10 root staff 340 10 29 10:50 mysite

drwxrwxrwx 13 root staff 442 10 29 15:25 order

sh-3.2# rm -rf db.sqlite3

sh-3.2# ls -l

total 72

-rwxrwxrwx 1 root staff 0 10 28 21:30 __init__.py

-rwxrwxrwx 1 wulili staff 125 10 28 22:20 __init__.pyc

-rwxrwxrwx 1 wulili staff 154 10 29 15:25 admin.py

-rwxrwxrwx 1 wulili staff 312 10 29 15:25 admin.pyc

-rwxrwxrwx 1 root staff 126 10 28 21:30 apps.py

drwxrwxrwx 6 root staff 204 10 29 16:33 migrations

-rwxrwxrwx 1 wulili staff 491 10 29 15:07 models.py

-rwxrwxrwx 1 root staff 1197 10 29 15:09 models.pyc

-rwxrwxrwx 1 root staff 60 10 28 21:30 tests.py

-rwxrwxrwx 1 wulili staff 153 10 29 09:14 views.py

-rwxrwxrwx 1 wulili staff 407 10 29 09:21 views.pyc

sh-3.2# pwd

/Users/wulili/mysite/order

sh-3.2# rm -rf migrations/

重新创建

sh-3.2# python manage.py makemigrations

No changes detected

sh-3.2# python manage.py migrate

Operations to perform:

Apply all migrations: admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions

Running migrations:

Applying contenttypes.0001_initial... OK

Applying auth.0001_initial... OK

Applying admin.0001_initial... OK

Applying admin.0002_logentry_remove_auto_add... OK

Applying contenttypes.0002_remove_content_type_name... OK

Applying auth.0002_alter_permission_name_max_length... OK

Applying auth.0003_alter_user_email_max_length... OK

Applying auth.0004_alter_user_username_opts... OK

Applying auth.0005_alter_user_last_login_null... OK

Applying auth.0006_require_contenttypes_0002... OK

Applying auth.0007_alter_validators_add_error_messages... OK

Applying auth.0008_alter_user_username_max_length... OK

Applying sessions.0001_initial... OK

sh-3.2# cd order/

sh-3.2# ls -l

total 72

-rwxrwxrwx 1 root staff 0 10 28 21:30 __init__.py

-rwxrwxrwx 1 wulili staff 125 10 28 22:20 __init__.pyc

-rwxrwxrwx 1 wulili staff 154 10 29 15:25 admin.py

-rwxrwxrwx 1 wulili staff 312 10 29 15:25 admin.pyc

-rwxrwxrwx 1 root staff 126 10 28 21:30 apps.py

-rwxrwxrwx 1 wulili staff 491 10 29 15:07 models.py

-rwxrwxrwx 1 root staff 1197 10 29 15:09 models.pyc

-rwxrwxrwx 1 root staff 60 10 28 21:30 tests.py

-rwxrwxrwx 1 wulili staff 153 10 29 09:14 views.py

-rwxrwxrwx 1 wulili staff 407 10 29 09:21 views.pyc

sh-3.2# python manage.py makemigrations order

python: can't open file 'manage.py': [Errno 2] No such file or directory

sh-3.2# pwd

/Users/wulili/mysite/order

sh-3.2# cd ..

sh-3.2# python manage.py makemigrations order 这个命令会产生migrations这个目录

Migrations for 'order':

order/migrations/0001_initial.py:

- Create model Product

- Create model Ptype

- Add field Ptype to product

sh-3.2# ls -l

total 264

drwxrwxrwx 6 wulili staff 204 10 29 16:22 .idea

-rw-r--r-- 1 root staff 131072 10 29 16:25 db.sqlite3

-rwxrwxrwx 1 root staff 804 10 28 14:59 manage.py

drwxrwxrwx 2 root staff 68 10 28 20:46 media

drwxrwxrwx 10 root staff 340 10 29 10:50 mysite

drwxrwxrwx 13 root staff 442 10 29 16:29 order

drwxrwxrwx 2 wulili staff 68 10 28 20:56 templ

sh-3.2# cd order/

sh-3.2# ls -l

total 72

-rwxrwxrwx 1 root staff 0 10 28 21:30 __init__.py

-rwxrwxrwx 1 wulili staff 125 10 28 22:20 __init__.pyc

-rwxrwxrwx 1 wulili staff 154 10 29 15:25 admin.py

-rwxrwxrwx 1 wulili staff 312 10 29 15:25 admin.pyc

-rwxrwxrwx 1 root staff 126 10 28 21:30 apps.py

drwxr-xr-x 5 root staff 170 10 29 16:29 migrations

-rwxrwxrwx 1 wulili staff 491 10 29 15:07 models.py

-rwxrwxrwx 1 root staff 1197 10 29 15:09 models.pyc

-rwxrwxrwx 1 root staff 60 10 28 21:30 tests.py

-rwxrwxrwx 1 wulili staff 153 10 29 09:14 views.py

-rwxrwxrwx 1 wulili staff 407 10 29 09:21 views.pyc

sh-3.2# cd migrations/

sh-3.2# ls -l

total 16

-rw-r--r-- 1 root staff 1193 10 29 16:29 0001_initial.py

-rw-r--r-- 1 root staff 0 10 29 16:29 __init__.py

-rw-r--r-- 1 root staff 136 10 29 16:29 __init__.pyc

sh-3.2# chmod -R 777 /Users/wulili/mysite/

sh-3.2# python manage.py createsuperuser

python: can't open file 'manage.py': [Errno 2] No such file or directory

sh-3.2# cd ../..

sh-3.2# pwd

/Users/wulili/mysite

sh-3.2# python manage.py createsuperuser 创建个用户从下面标红处可了解到，我应该在之前执行一下那个命令

You have 1 unapplied migration(s). Your project may not work properly until you apply the migrations for app(s): order.

Run 'python manage.py migrate' to apply them.

Username (leave blank to use 'wulili'): ^C

Operation cancelled.

sh-3.2# python manage.py sqlmigrate order 0001 查看数据库中数据是否对

BEGIN;

-- Create model Product

CREATE TABLE "order_product" ("id" integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, "name" varchar(30) NOT NULL, "price" real NOT NULL);

-- Create model Ptype

CREATE TABLE "order_ptype" ("id" integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, "name" varchar(10) NOT NULL);

-- Add field Ptype to product

ALTER TABLE "order_product" RENAME TO "order_product__old";

CREATE TABLE "order_product" ("id" integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, "name" varchar(30) NOT NULL, "price" real NOT NULL, "Ptype_id" integer NOT NULL REFERENCES "order_ptype" ("id"));

INSERT INTO "order_product" ("Ptype_id", "price", "id", "name") SELECT NULL, "price", "id", "name" FROM "order_product__old";

DROP TABLE "order_product__old";

CREATE INDEX "order_product_c54e703e" ON "order_product" ("Ptype_id");

COMMIT;

sh-3.2# python manage.py createsuperuser

You have 1 unapplied migration(s). Your project may not work properly until you apply the migrations for app(s): order.

Run 'python manage.py migrate' to apply them.

Username (leave blank to use 'wulili'): root

Email address: aa@qq.com

Password:

Password (again):

Superuser created successfully.

sh-3.2#

sh-3.2# python manage.py sqlmigrate order 0001

BEGIN;

-- Create model Product

CREATE TABLE "order_product" ("id" integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, "name" varchar(30) NOT NULL, "price" real NOT NULL);

-- Create model Ptype

CREATE TABLE "order_ptype" ("id" integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, "name" varchar(10) NOT NULL);

-- Add field Ptype to product

ALTER TABLE "order_product" RENAME TO "order_product__old";

CREATE TABLE "order_product" ("id" integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, "name" varchar(30) NOT NULL, "price" real NOT NULL, "Ptype_id" integer NOT NULL REFERENCES "order_ptype" ("id"));

INSERT INTO "order_product" ("Ptype_id", "price", "id", "name") SELECT NULL, "price", "id", "name" FROM "order_product__old";

DROP TABLE "order_product__old";

CREATE INDEX "order_product_c54e703e" ON "order_product" ("Ptype_id");

COMMIT;

sh-3.2# ls -l

total 264

drwxrwxrwx 6 wulili staff 204 10 29 16:44 .idea

-rwxrwxrwx 1 root staff 131072 10 29 16:41 db.sqlite3

-rwxrwxrwx 1 root staff 804 10 28 14:59 manage.py

drwxrwxrwx 2 root staff 68 10 28 20:46 media

drwxrwxrwx 10 root staff 340 10 29 10:50 mysite

drwxrwxrwx 13 root staff 442 10 29 16:29 order