Callbacks（回调）

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回调面向接口的实现：

回调的简单实现： 

package netty.in.action;

/**
 * Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
 * Description: 声明回调接口
 * User: zhubo
 * Date: 2018-01-31
 * Time: 10:04
 */
public interface FetcherCallback {

    void onData(Data data) throws Exception;

    void onError(Throwable cause);

}

package netty.in.action;

/**
 * Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
 * Description: 声明业务接口
 * User: zhubo
 * Date: 2018-01-31
 * Time: 10:03
 */
public interface Fetcher {

    void fetchData(FetcherCallback callback);

}

package netty.in.action;

/**
 * Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
 * Description: 业务接口实现类
 * User: zhubo
 * Date: 2018-01-31
 * Time: 10:06
 */
public class MyFetcher implements Fetcher {

    final Data data;

    public MyFetcher(Data data) {
        this.data = data;
    }

    /**
     * 实现业务逻辑 执行完后回调数据
     * @param callback
     */
    @Override
    public void fetchData(FetcherCallback callback) {
        try{
            //执行业务代码

            // 调用回调
            callback.onData(data);
        }catch (Exception e){
            callback.onError(e);
        }
    }
}

package netty.in.action;

/**
 * Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
 * Description:
 * User: zhubo
 * Date: 2018-01-31
 * Time: 10:03
 */
public class Worker {

    public void doWork() {
        Fetcher fetcher = new MyFetcher(new Data(2,3));
        fetcher.fetchData(new FetcherCallback() {
            @Override
            public void onData(Data data) throws Exception {
                System.out.println("Data received: " + data);
            }

            @Override
            public void onError(Throwable cause) {
                System.out.println("An error accour: " + cause.getMessage());
            }
        });
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Worker w = new Worker();
        w.doWork();
    }
}

package netty.in.action;

/**
 * Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
 * Description:
 * User: zhubo
 * Date: 2018-01-31
 * Time: 10:04
 */
public class Data {

    private int n;
    private int m;

    public Data(int n, int m) {
        this.n = n;
        this.m = m;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Data{" +
                "n=" + n +
                ", m=" + m +
                '}';
    }
}

上面的例子是一个简单的模拟回调，要明白其所表达的含义。Fetcher.fetchData()方法需传递一个FetchCallback类型的参数，当获得数据或发生错误时被调用。对于每种情况都提供了统一的方法。

• FetcherCallback.onData() , 将接受数据时被调用。
• FetcherCallback.onError() , 发生错误时被调用。

因为可以将这些方法的执行从“caller”线程移动到其他的线程执行； 但也不会保证FetcherCallback的每个方法都会被执行。回调过程有个问题就是当你使用链式调用，很多不同的方法会导致线性代码；

Futures:

第二种技术是使用Futures,Futures是一个抽象概念，它标识一个值，该值可能在某一点变得可用。一个Future 要么获得计算完的结果，要么获得计算失败后的异常，Java在java.util.current包中附带了Future接口。例如下面的代码，每传递一个Runnable对象到ExecutorService.submit() 方法就会得到一个回调的Future。你能使用它检测是否执行完成。

import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;

/**
 * Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
 * Description: Future实现异步回调
 * User: zhubo
 * Date: 2018-01-31
 * Time: 14:11
 */
public class FutureExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        ExecutorService executor = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
        Runnable task1 = new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                System.out.println("i am task1.....");
            }
        };

        Callable<Integer> task2 = new Callable<Integer>() {
            @Override
            public Integer call() throws Exception {
                return new Integer(100);
            }
        };
        Future<?> f1 = executor.submit(task1);
        Future<Integer> f2 = executor.submit(task2);

        System.out.println("task1 is completed? " + f1.isDone());
        System.out.println("task2 is completed? " + f2.isDone());
        while(f2.isDone()){
            System.out.println("return value by task2: " + f2.get());
            break;
        }
        while(f1.isDone()){
            System.out.println("task1 completed." + f1.get());
            break;
        }
    }
}

 

 

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/LucasZhu/blog/1616142