数据库水平切分（MySQL主从复制）

最新推荐文章于 2024-11-12 20:35:48 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-11-12 20:35:48 发布

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文章标签：数据库网络 python

原文链接：https://my.oschina.net/u/3728166/blog/1921728

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2019独角兽企业重金招聘Python工程师标准>>>

1安装MySQL

新的centos系统安装mysql依赖：

perl perl-Module-Build
autoconf
libaio
namuctl-libs
net-tools

# yum install -y perl perl-Module-Build net-tools autoconf libaio numactl-libs

Mysql 安装完毕后密码文件会在.mysql_secret

启动mysql

# systemctl start mysql
# mysql -uroot -p密码

设置mysql初始密码：

mysql> set password = password(‘你的密码’)

远程登陆授权

mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by 'abcd_123' with grant option;
mysql> flush privileges;

二进制日志+中继日志

Binlog（二进制日志，阿里otter/canal）

MySQL日志文件，里面记录DDL和DML（查询语句除外）

Relay-log（中继日志）

主要用于同步的中间过程。

mysql配置文件my.cnf

[client]
port                        = 3306
socket                      = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

[mysqld]
server-id                    = 2 #无论主机还是从机server-id不能相同
port                        = 3306 #数据库端口
datadir                      = /var/lib/mysql
socket                       = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
default-storage-engine          = InnoDB
log-bin                      = mysql-bin    #二进制日志名称
log-bin-index                 = mysql-bin.index  #二进制日志索引
relay-log                    = mysql-relay    #中继日志名称
relay-log-index               = mysql-relay.index #索引
expire-logs-days              = 10
max-binlog-size              = 100M
max_binlog_cache_size        = 8M
log-slave-updates             = 1
binlog_cache_size            = 4M

# use MIXED binlog
binlog_format               = MIXED
#binlog_format              = ROW

#replicate-do-db             = db%.%
#replicate-ignore-db          = mysql.%

# ignore tables
replicate-wild-ignore-table     = mysql.%
sync_binlog                 = 1
relay_log_recovery           = 1
log_slave_updates           = 1
skip-name-resolve

sql_mode=STRICT_TRANS_TABLES

[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 32M

查询mysql用户列表

mysql> use mysql
mysql> select user,password,host from user;
+------+-------------------------------------------+--------------+
| user | password                                  | host         |
+------+-------------------------------------------+--------------+
| root | *1D7781F716B5315E62B337DE530D7B74CFEB52D3 | localhost    |
| root |                                           | 0dd980a68cce |
| root |                                           | 127.0.0.1    |
| root |                                           | ::1          |
|      |                                           | localhost    |
|      |                                           | 0dd980a68cce |
| root | *1D7781F716B5315E62B337DE530D7B74CFEB52D3 | %            |
+------+-------------------------------------------+--------------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

主从复制过程（在主机上操作）：

1复制my.cnf

cp /usr/share/mysql/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf

2创建同步复制的用户 %为通配符

mysql> create user 'repl'@'172.17.0.%' identified by 'abcd_123';

3给同步复制用户赋权

mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'repl'@'172.17.0.%' identified by 'abcd_123';
mysql> flush privileges;

开启binlog

配置时候注意几个坑：
Replication-do-db的坑，如果多个库则使用多行Replication-do-db进行配置
Replication-ignore-db的坑，如果忽略多个库则使用多行Replication-ignore-db进行配置

重启mysql

#sysctemctl restart mysql
#service mysql restart

查看日志事件

mysql> show binlog events;
+------------------+-----+-------------+-----------+-------------+---------------------------------------+
| Log_name         | Pos | Event_type  | Server_id | End_log_pos | Info                                  |
+------------------+-----+-------------+-----------+-------------+---------------------------------------+
| mysql-bin.000001 |   4 | Format_desc |         2 |         120 | Server ver: 5.6.41-log, Binlog ver: 4 |
+------------------+-----+-------------+-----------+-------------+---------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

或者
mysql> show binlog events in 'mysql-bin.000001' from 4;
mysql> show binlog events in 'mysql-bin.000001' from 4\G;

从机操作

1复制my.cnf 修改server-id，重启mysql

2主从复制的最关键语句:

Stop slave;

Change master to

         Master_host='172.17.0.2',

         Master_user='repl',

         Master_password='abcd_123',

         Master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',

         Master_log_pos=4;

Start slave；

查看连接状态

mysql> show slave status\G;

主机

mysql>  show processlist;

执行

# netstat -natp

Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name    
tcp6       0      0 :::3306                 :::*                    LISTEN      900/mysqld          
tcp6       0      0 172.17.0.2:3306         172.17.0.3:41160        ESTABLISHED 900/mysqld

关于主主复制：

Ip 172.17.0.2 master1

Ip 172.17.0.3 master2

先要修改2台机器/etc/my.cnf

Master1上执行

创建同步复制的用户

mysql> create user 'repl'@'172.17.0.%' identified by 'abcd_123';

给同步复制用户赋权

mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'repl'@'172.17.0.%' identified by 'abcd_123';
mysql> flush privileges;

开启binlog

配置时候注意几个坑：
Replication-do-db的坑，如果多个库则使用多行Replication-do-db进行配置
Replication-ignore-db的坑，如果忽略多个库则使用多行Replication-ignore-db进行配置

重启mysql

#sysctemctl restart mysql

Master2上执行

主从复制的最关键语句:

Stop slave;

Change master to
         Master_host=’172.17.0.2’,
         Master_user=’repl’,
         Master_password=’abcd_123’,
         Master_log_file=’mysql-bin.000001’,
         Master_log_pos=120;

Start slave；

Master2上执行

创建同步复制的用户

mysql> create user 'repl'@'172.17.0.%' identified by 'abcd_123';

给同步复制用户赋权

mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'repl'@'172.17.0.%' identified by 'abcd_123';
mysql> flush privileges;

开启binlog

配置时候注意几个坑：
Replication-do-db的坑，如果多个库则使用多行Replication-do-db进行配置
Replication-ignore-db的坑，如果忽略多个库则使用多行Replication-ignore-db进行配置

重启mysql

#sysctemctl restart mysql

Master1上执行

Stop slave;

Change master to
         Master_host=’172.17.0.3’,
         Master_user=’repl’,
         Master_password=’abcd_123’,
         Master_log_file=’mysql-bin.000001’,
         Master_log_pos=120;

Start slave;

查看主机状态命令：

mysql> show master status \G;

查看从机状态命令：

mysql> show slave status \G;

查看mysql线程列表：

mysql> processlist;

查看二进制日志：

mysql> show binlog events in ‘日志文件’ from 位置;

查看中继日志：

mysql> show relaylog events in ‘日志文件’ from 位置;

使用mysql工具查看日志文件

# mysqlbinlog --start-position=位置 日志路径

# mysqlbinlog -start-position=120 /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin.000001

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/u/3728166/blog/1921728