将控件保存为图片
周银辉
这里分别提供win form 和 wpf 两种方式
对于.net 2.0 我们可以简单地利用 BitBlt 函数来实现,非常简单,代码如下:
public
static
class
ControlToImageConverter
{
private const Int32 SRCCOPY = 0xCC0020 ;
[DllImport( " gdi32.dll " )]
internal static extern bool BitBlt(
IntPtr hdcDest, // handle to destination DC
int nXDest, // x-coord of destination upper-left corner
int nYDest, // y-coord of destination upper-left corner
int nWidth, // width of destination rectangle
int nHeight, // height of destination rectangle
IntPtr hdcSrc, // handle to source DC
int nXSrc, // x-coordinate of source upper-left corner
int nYSrc, // y-coordinate of source upper-left corner
Int32 dwRop // raster operation code
);
public static Bitmap GetImageOfControl(Control control)
{
var w = control.Size.Width;
var h = control.Size.Height;
Graphics gOfCtrl = control.CreateGraphics();
var bmp = new Bitmap(w, h, gOfCtrl);
Graphics gOfBmp = Graphics.FromImage(bmp);
IntPtr dc1 = gOfCtrl.GetHdc();
IntPtr dc2 = gOfBmp.GetHdc();
BitBlt(dc2, 0 , 0 , w, h, dc1, 0 , 0 , SRCCOPY);
gOfCtrl.ReleaseHdc(dc1);
gOfBmp.ReleaseHdc(dc2);
gOfCtrl.Dispose();
gOfBmp.Dispose();
return bmp;
}
}
{
private const Int32 SRCCOPY = 0xCC0020 ;
[DllImport( " gdi32.dll " )]
internal static extern bool BitBlt(
IntPtr hdcDest, // handle to destination DC
int nXDest, // x-coord of destination upper-left corner
int nYDest, // y-coord of destination upper-left corner
int nWidth, // width of destination rectangle
int nHeight, // height of destination rectangle
IntPtr hdcSrc, // handle to source DC
int nXSrc, // x-coordinate of source upper-left corner
int nYSrc, // y-coordinate of source upper-left corner
Int32 dwRop // raster operation code
);
public static Bitmap GetImageOfControl(Control control)
{
var w = control.Size.Width;
var h = control.Size.Height;
Graphics gOfCtrl = control.CreateGraphics();
var bmp = new Bitmap(w, h, gOfCtrl);
Graphics gOfBmp = Graphics.FromImage(bmp);
IntPtr dc1 = gOfCtrl.GetHdc();
IntPtr dc2 = gOfBmp.GetHdc();
BitBlt(dc2, 0 , 0 , w, h, dc1, 0 , 0 , SRCCOPY);
gOfCtrl.ReleaseHdc(dc1);
gOfBmp.ReleaseHdc(dc2);
gOfCtrl.Dispose();
gOfBmp.Dispose();
return bmp;
}
}
其中 SRCCOPY = 0xCC0020, 表示将源直接拷贝到目标。
对于WPF,无法获得控件的hdc, 所以不能使用bitblt函数了,但幸运的是,其提供了一个RenderTargetBitmap的类型,可以将控件绘制到改类型的类型是示例上,比如:
var renderBitmap
=
new RenderTargetBitmap(w, h, 96d,96d, PixelFormats.Pbgra32);
renderBitmap.Render(controlToConvert);
new RenderTargetBitmap(w, h, 96d,96d, PixelFormats.Pbgra32);
renderBitmap.Render(controlToConvert);
其可以直接作为Image控件的源以便显示,如果要将其保存下来(保存到流中),则需要用到BitmapEncoder, 将上面的位图添加到encoder的帧中,然后调用save方法便可。
包装好的代码如下:
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/8f900a89c6347c561fdf2122f13be562.gif)
![ExpandedBlockStart.gif](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/961ddebeb323a10fe0623af514929fc1.gif)
internal
enum
ImageType
{
Bmp,
Gif,
Jpeg,
Png,
Tiff,
Wdp
}
internal static class ControlToImageConverter
{
/// <summary>
/// Convert any control to a PngBitmapEncoder
/// </summary>
/// <param name="controlToConvert"> The control to convert to an ImageSource </param>
/// <param name="imageType"> The image type will indicate the type of return bitmap encoder </param>
/// <returns> The returned ImageSource of the controlToConvert </returns>
private static BitmapEncoder GetImageFromControl(FrameworkElement controlToConvert, ImageType imageType)
{
var bounds = controlToConvert.GetBounds(controlToConvert.Parent as Visual);
var renderBitmap = new RenderTargetBitmap((Int32)bounds.Width, (Int32)bounds.Height, 96d,
96d, PixelFormats.Pbgra32);
renderBitmap.Render(controlToConvert);
BitmapEncoder encoder = GetBitmapEncoderByImageType(imageType);
// puch rendered bitmap into it
encoder.Frames.Add(BitmapFrame.Create(renderBitmap));
return encoder;
}
private static Rect GetBounds( this FrameworkElement element, Visual from)
{
Rect rect = Rect.Empty;
try
{
GeneralTransform transform = element.TransformToVisual(from);
rect = transform.TransformBounds( new Rect( 0 , 0 , element.ActualWidth, element.ActualHeight));
// ReSharper disable EmptyGeneralCatchClause
}
catch
// ReSharper restore EmptyGeneralCatchClause
{
}
return rect;
}
/// <summary>
/// Get an encoder by a specify image type
/// </summary>
/// <param name="type"> the image type </param>
/// <returns> return an eccoder </returns>
private static BitmapEncoder GetBitmapEncoderByImageType(ImageType type)
{
switch (type)
{
case ImageType.Bmp:
return new BmpBitmapEncoder();
case ImageType.Gif:
return new GifBitmapEncoder();
case ImageType.Jpeg:
return new JpegBitmapEncoder();
case ImageType.Png:
return new PngBitmapEncoder();
case ImageType.Tiff:
return new TiffBitmapEncoder();
case ImageType.Wdp:
return new WmpBitmapEncoder();
default :
return new PngBitmapEncoder();
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Get the iamge type by image file name
/// </summary>
/// <param name="fileName"> the file name of an image </param>
/// <returns> the iamge type </returns>
private static ImageType GetImageTypeByFileName( string fileName)
{
ImageType returnType = ImageType.Png;
var extension = Path.GetExtension(fileName);
if ( ! String.IsNullOrEmpty(extension))
{
switch (extension.ToLower())
{
case " .bmp " :
returnType = ImageType.Bmp;
break ;
case " .gif " :
returnType = ImageType.Gif;
break ;
case " .jpeg " :
case " .jpg " :
case " .jpe " :
case " jfif " :
returnType = ImageType.Jpeg;
break ;
case " .png " :
returnType = ImageType.Png;
break ;
case " .tiff " :
case " .tif " :
returnType = ImageType.Tiff;
break ;
case " .wdp " :
returnType = ImageType.Wdp;
break ;
default :
returnType = ImageType.Png;
break ;
}
}
return returnType;
}
/// <summary>
/// Get an ImageSource of a control
/// </summary>
/// <param name="controlToConvert"> The control to convert to an ImageSource </param>
/// <param name="imageType"> the image type </param>
/// <returns> The returned ImageSource of the controlToConvert </returns>
public static BitmapSource GetImageOfControl(FrameworkElement controlToConvert, ImageType imageType)
{
// return first frame of image
var encoder = GetImageFromControl(controlToConvert, imageType);
if (encoder != null && encoder.Frames != null && encoder.Frames.Count > 0 )
{
return encoder.Frames[ 0 ];
}
return new BitmapImage();
}
/// <summary>
/// Get an ImageSource of a control(Jpeg as default type)
/// </summary>
/// <param name="controlToConvert"> The control to convert to an ImageSource </param>
/// <returns> The returned ImageSource of the controlToConvert </returns>
public static BitmapSource GetImageOfControl(FrameworkElement controlToConvert)
{
return GetImageOfControl(controlToConvert, ImageType.Jpeg);
}
/// <summary>
/// Save an image of a control
/// </summary>
/// <param name="controlToConvert"> The control to convert to an ImageSource </param>
/// <param name="fileName"> The location to save the image to </param>
/// <returns> The returned ImageSource of the controlToConvert </returns>
public static Boolean SaveImageOfControl(FrameworkElement controlToConvert, String fileName)
{
try
{
var imageType = GetImageTypeByFileName(fileName);
using (var outStream = new FileStream(fileName, FileMode.Create))
{
var encoder = GetImageFromControl(controlToConvert, imageType);
encoder.Save(outStream);
}
}
catch (Exception e)
{
#if DEBUG
Console.WriteLine( " Exception caught saving stream: {0} " , e.Message);
#endif
return false ;
}
return true ;
}
}
{
Bmp,
Gif,
Jpeg,
Png,
Tiff,
Wdp
}
internal static class ControlToImageConverter
{
/// <summary>
/// Convert any control to a PngBitmapEncoder
/// </summary>
/// <param name="controlToConvert"> The control to convert to an ImageSource </param>
/// <param name="imageType"> The image type will indicate the type of return bitmap encoder </param>
/// <returns> The returned ImageSource of the controlToConvert </returns>
private static BitmapEncoder GetImageFromControl(FrameworkElement controlToConvert, ImageType imageType)
{
var bounds = controlToConvert.GetBounds(controlToConvert.Parent as Visual);
var renderBitmap = new RenderTargetBitmap((Int32)bounds.Width, (Int32)bounds.Height, 96d,
96d, PixelFormats.Pbgra32);
renderBitmap.Render(controlToConvert);
BitmapEncoder encoder = GetBitmapEncoderByImageType(imageType);
// puch rendered bitmap into it
encoder.Frames.Add(BitmapFrame.Create(renderBitmap));
return encoder;
}
private static Rect GetBounds( this FrameworkElement element, Visual from)
{
Rect rect = Rect.Empty;
try
{
GeneralTransform transform = element.TransformToVisual(from);
rect = transform.TransformBounds( new Rect( 0 , 0 , element.ActualWidth, element.ActualHeight));
// ReSharper disable EmptyGeneralCatchClause
}
catch
// ReSharper restore EmptyGeneralCatchClause
{
}
return rect;
}
/// <summary>
/// Get an encoder by a specify image type
/// </summary>
/// <param name="type"> the image type </param>
/// <returns> return an eccoder </returns>
private static BitmapEncoder GetBitmapEncoderByImageType(ImageType type)
{
switch (type)
{
case ImageType.Bmp:
return new BmpBitmapEncoder();
case ImageType.Gif:
return new GifBitmapEncoder();
case ImageType.Jpeg:
return new JpegBitmapEncoder();
case ImageType.Png:
return new PngBitmapEncoder();
case ImageType.Tiff:
return new TiffBitmapEncoder();
case ImageType.Wdp:
return new WmpBitmapEncoder();
default :
return new PngBitmapEncoder();
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Get the iamge type by image file name
/// </summary>
/// <param name="fileName"> the file name of an image </param>
/// <returns> the iamge type </returns>
private static ImageType GetImageTypeByFileName( string fileName)
{
ImageType returnType = ImageType.Png;
var extension = Path.GetExtension(fileName);
if ( ! String.IsNullOrEmpty(extension))
{
switch (extension.ToLower())
{
case " .bmp " :
returnType = ImageType.Bmp;
break ;
case " .gif " :
returnType = ImageType.Gif;
break ;
case " .jpeg " :
case " .jpg " :
case " .jpe " :
case " jfif " :
returnType = ImageType.Jpeg;
break ;
case " .png " :
returnType = ImageType.Png;
break ;
case " .tiff " :
case " .tif " :
returnType = ImageType.Tiff;
break ;
case " .wdp " :
returnType = ImageType.Wdp;
break ;
default :
returnType = ImageType.Png;
break ;
}
}
return returnType;
}
/// <summary>
/// Get an ImageSource of a control
/// </summary>
/// <param name="controlToConvert"> The control to convert to an ImageSource </param>
/// <param name="imageType"> the image type </param>
/// <returns> The returned ImageSource of the controlToConvert </returns>
public static BitmapSource GetImageOfControl(FrameworkElement controlToConvert, ImageType imageType)
{
// return first frame of image
var encoder = GetImageFromControl(controlToConvert, imageType);
if (encoder != null && encoder.Frames != null && encoder.Frames.Count > 0 )
{
return encoder.Frames[ 0 ];
}
return new BitmapImage();
}
/// <summary>
/// Get an ImageSource of a control(Jpeg as default type)
/// </summary>
/// <param name="controlToConvert"> The control to convert to an ImageSource </param>
/// <returns> The returned ImageSource of the controlToConvert </returns>
public static BitmapSource GetImageOfControl(FrameworkElement controlToConvert)
{
return GetImageOfControl(controlToConvert, ImageType.Jpeg);
}
/// <summary>
/// Save an image of a control
/// </summary>
/// <param name="controlToConvert"> The control to convert to an ImageSource </param>
/// <param name="fileName"> The location to save the image to </param>
/// <returns> The returned ImageSource of the controlToConvert </returns>
public static Boolean SaveImageOfControl(FrameworkElement controlToConvert, String fileName)
{
try
{
var imageType = GetImageTypeByFileName(fileName);
using (var outStream = new FileStream(fileName, FileMode.Create))
{
var encoder = GetImageFromControl(controlToConvert, imageType);
encoder.Save(outStream);
}
}
catch (Exception e)
{
#if DEBUG
Console.WriteLine( " Exception caught saving stream: {0} " , e.Message);
#endif
return false ;
}
return true ;
}
}
注意到上面的GetImageOfControl方法返回的实际是BitmapFrame, 其是BitmapSource的一种,如果你更习惯使用BitmapImage的话,免费赠送如下方法:
public
static
BitmapImage ToBitmapImage(
this
BitmapSource bitmapSource)
{
var encoder = new JpegBitmapEncoder();
var memoryStream = new MemoryStream();
encoder.Frames.Add(BitmapFrame.Create(bitmapSource));
encoder.Save(memoryStream);
var bmp = new BitmapImage();
bmp.BeginInit();
bmp.StreamSource = new MemoryStream(memoryStream.ToArray());
bmp.EndInit();
memoryStream.Flush();
memoryStream.Close();
return bmp;
}
{
var encoder = new JpegBitmapEncoder();
var memoryStream = new MemoryStream();
encoder.Frames.Add(BitmapFrame.Create(bitmapSource));
encoder.Save(memoryStream);
var bmp = new BitmapImage();
bmp.BeginInit();
bmp.StreamSource = new MemoryStream(memoryStream.ToArray());
bmp.EndInit();
memoryStream.Flush();
memoryStream.Close();
return bmp;
}