一、fdisk分区
1.使用fdisk -l查看新挂载的硬盘是否被识别
[root@Node2 test]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x0008f184
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 1026047 512000 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 1026048 41943039 20458496 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/sdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectors
#在vmware中添加一块1G的虚拟硬盘
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
2.新挂载硬盘分区方法
2.1 fdisk /dev/sdb
[root@Node2 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb #使用fdisk命令对/dev/sdb进行分区
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x46480706.
Command (m for help): m #使用m帮助命令查看可输入命令
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
g create a new empty GPT partition table
G create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help): p #打印输出分区表
Disk /dev/sdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x46480706
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
Command (m for help): n #添加新分区
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p #添加主分区，默认的分区格式是主分区
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1 #分区号为1
First sector (2048-2097151, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-2097151, default 2097151): +200M#可以采用+sectors或者+size的方式定义分区大小，这里使用+200M这种方式定义分区大小，方便快捷
#定义分区的大小为200M
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 200 MiB is set
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x46480706
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 411647 204800 83 Linux#分配第一个主分区成功
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (2-4, default 2): 2
First sector (411648-2097151, default 411648):
Using default value 411648
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (411648-2097151, default 2097151): +200M
Partition 2 of type Linux and of size 200 MiB is set
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x46480706
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 411647 204800 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 411648 821247 204800 83 Linux
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)
e extended
Select (default p): e #选择的分区格式是扩展分区
Partition number (3,4, default 3): 4
First sector (821248-2097151, default 821248):
Using default value 821248
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (821248-2097151, default 2097151):#未输入分区大小表示将剩下的所有空间分配给该扩展分区
Using default value 2097151
Partition 4 of type Extended and of size 623 MiB is set
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x46480706
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 411647 204800 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 411648 821247 204800 83 Linux
/dev/sdb4 821248 2097151 637952 5 Extended
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (2 primary, 1 extended, 1 free)
l logical (numbered from 5)
Select (default p): l
Adding logical partition 5
First sector (823296-2097151, default 823296):
Using default value 823296
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (823296-2097151, default 2097151): +300M
Partition 5 of type Linux and of size 300 MiB is set
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x46480706
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 411647 204800 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 411648 821247 204800 83 Linux
/dev/sdb4 821248 2097151 637952 5 Extended
/dev/sdb5 823296 1437695 307200 83 LinuxCommand (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@Node2 ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x0008f184
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 1026047 512000 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 1026048 41943039 20458496 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/sdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x522f80fa
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 411647 204800 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 411648 821247 204800 83 Linux
/dev/sdb4 821248 2050047 614400 5 Extended
/dev/sdb5 823296 2050047 613376 83 Linux
[root@Node2 ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1 #格式化某个分区
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=1024 (log=0) #32位系统的块大小默认是1k
Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
51200 inodes, 204800 blocks
10240 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=1
Maximum filesystem blocks=67371008
25 block groups
8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
2048 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (4096 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done[root@Node2 ~]#mkdir /data #创建新目录用于挂载新的分区
[root@Node2 ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /data #将/dev/sdb1挂载到/data目录下
[root@Node2 ~]# vim /etc/fstab
因为使用mount挂载分区后，系统重启后分区挂载配置会失效，所以需要修改/etc/fstab配置文件使分区挂载永久生效
3.troubleshooting
学习速度最快的方法是在错误中学习。
3.1别人总是说在linux中一块硬盘最多只能有四个主分区，剩下的都是扩展分区。注意，扩展分区占用一个主分区位置，即为如分了三个主分区和一个扩展分区后无法再划分一个主分区。
3.2扩展分区、主分区、逻辑分区之间的关系：扩展分区大小=逻辑分区之和；硬盘大小=扩展分区+主分区；逻辑分区从扩展分区中划分。
3.3如果硬是要在有了四个主分区情况下任性地再划分一个主分区，会怎么样呢？试验为准。
Command (m for help): P
Disk /dev/sdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x522f80fa
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 411647 204800 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 411648 821247 204800 83 Linux
/dev/sdb3 821248 1230847 204800 83 Linux
/dev/sdb4 1230848 1640447 204800 83 Linux
Command (m for help): n
If you want to create more than four partitions, you must replace a
primary partition with an extended partition first.
#提示已经很明显，如果想要创建更多的分区，首先得将一个主分区变成一个扩展分区。验证了linux中一块磁盘最多只能划分四个主分区，如果想划分更多分区，得至少有一个主分区为扩展分区，从扩展分区中划分更多分区。同时也验证了在linux中一块磁盘可以没有扩展分区。总结：主分区最少得有一个，扩展分区最多能有三个。
3.4遇到过一个问题。在进行分区操作中，如果因为意外因素没有保存（输入w）而直接退出了操作命令行，则分区操作不会被保存。
3.5能不能把全部磁盘都变成扩展分区呢？
可以：
Command (m for help): P
Disk /dev/sdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x522f80fa
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 411647 204800 5 Extended
3.6不能从扩展分区中划分主分区，只能划分为逻辑分区
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 1 extended, 3 free)
l logical (numbered from 5)
Select (default p): l
Adding logical partition 5
First sector (4096-411647, default 4096):
Using default value 4096
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (4096-411647, default 411647): 700+
Value out of range.
#强制划分会提示 value out of range ，划分失败
4.练习
在虚拟机中添加一块1G的虚拟磁盘，使用fdisk进行分区，分成2个主分区，个扩展分区。
主分区大小分别是200M、200M；
扩展分区大小为600M；
对于扩展分区，分成两个逻辑驱动器，分别为300M。
思路：将物理硬盘挂载到服务器上----->查看新挂载的硬盘并对硬盘进行分区---->分区完成后对新的分区进行格式化--->将分区挂载到某个目录下----->修改/etc/fstab配置文件
转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/mangguostudy/1612373
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