#include <cctype>
#include <iomanip>
#include <sstream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
string url_encode(const string &value) {
ostringstream escaped;
escaped.fill('0');
escaped << hex;
for (string::const_iterator i = value.begin(), n = value.end(); i != n; ++i) {
string::value_type c = (*i);
//Keep alphanumeric and other accepted characters intact
if (isalnum(c) || c == '-' || c == '_' || c == '.' || c == '~') {
escaped << c;
continue;
}
//Any other characters are percent-encoded
escaped << uppercase;
escaped << '%' << setw(2) << int((unsigned char) c);
escaped << nouppercase;
}
return escaped.str();
}
RFC3986文档规定,Url中只允许包含英文字母(a-zA-Z)、数字(0-9)、-_.~4个特殊字符以及所有保留字符。RFC3986文档对Url的编解码问题做出了详细的建议,指出了哪些字符需要被编码才不会引起Url语义的转变,以及对为什么这些字符需要编码做出了相应的解释。