oracle大数据备份策略,Linux平台下的Oracle自动备份策略(RMAN)

基于Linux下 Oracle 备份策略(RMAN)

对于 Oracle 数据库的备份与恢复，尽管存在热备，冷备以及逻辑备份之外，使用最多的莫过于使用RMAN进行备份与恢复。而制定RMAN备份策略则是基于数据库丢失的容忍程度，即恢复策略来制定。在下面的备份策略中，给出的是一个通用的备份策略。在该备份策略中，使用了catalog方式来保持备份脚本以及备份信息。在实际环境中应根据具体的情况对此进行相应的调整。

环境配置

操作系统：Linux SUSE

数据库：Oracle 11

相关变量值：

ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle

ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1

备份的数据库实例名：test

备份的目标目录：/backup_rman

实现过程如下：

第一步：准备目录

mkdir /backup_rman

chown oracle:oinstall /backup_rman

chmod 755 /backup_rman

第二步：备份脚本程序的编写

1、创建备份脚本

切换到oracle用户，在oracle家目录下面创建bin目录，新建文件rman_backup.sh

mkdir bin

cd bin

touch rman_backup.sh

chmod 755 rman_backup.sh

编辑rman_backup.sh文件，添加如下内容：

#!/bin/bash

source /home/oracle/.bash_profile

/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/rman target / nocatalog cmdfile=/home/oracle/bin/rman_cmd log=/backup_rman/rman_full_`date +%Y%m%d%H%M`.log

2、创建rman的备份脚本文件

cd ~/bin

touch rman_cmd

编辑rman_cmd文件添加如下内容(根据需要，可以进行适当的修改):

crosscheck archivelog all;

delete noprompt expired archivelog all;

run {

configure retention policy to recovery window of 4 days;

configure controlfile autobackup off;

allocate channel c1 device type disk  format '/backup_rman/rman_full_%T_%U' maxpiecesize=3G;

allocate channel c2 device type disk  format '/backup_rman/rman_full_%T_%U' maxpiecesize=3G;

allocate channel c3 device type disk  format '/backup_rman/rman_full_%T_%U' maxpiecesize=3G;

backup database plus archivelog delete all input;

backup current controlfile format '/backup_rman/rman_%T_CTL_%U';

backup spfile format '/backup_rman/rman_%T_SPFILE_%U';

release channel c1;

release channel c2;

release channel c3;

}

crosscheck backupset;

delete noprompt expired backup;

delete noprompt obsolete;

crosscheck archivelog all;

delete noprompt expired archivelog all;

第三步：添加crontab计划任务

使用oracle用户添加例行任务：

crontab -e

新打开的窗口中添加一下内容：

0 24 * * * /home/oracle/bin/rman_backup.sh

(*/3 * * * * /home/oracle/bin/rman_backup.sh)

注，括号内的可以是做测试的时候用的，每三分钟执行一次备份，例为每天凌晨24点执行备份

第四步：执行验证：

1、crontab成功执行验证：

在root下执行tail -f /var/log/cron，监控cron日志来确保crontab的成功执行：

Aug 31 00:20:06 model crontab[6380]: (oracle) BEGIN EDIT (oracle)

Aug 31 00:20:48 model crontab[6380]: (oracle) REPLACE (oracle)

Aug 31 00:20:48 model crontab[6380]: (oracle) END EDIT (oracle)

Aug 31 00:21:01 model crond[26958]: (oracle) RELOAD (cron/oracle)

Aug 31 00:21:01 model crond[6412]: (oracle) CMD (/home/oracle/bin/rman_backup.sh)

Aug 31 00:24:01 model crond[6621]: (oracle) CMD (/home/oracle/bin/rman_backup.sh)

2、查看rman是否执行，并且执行成功

a.可在rman执行的时候执行ps -ef | grep rman | grep -v grep来查看rman进程是否成功启动

b.查看/backup_rman目录中是否有备份生成的文件：

$ oracle@model /backup_rman> ls

rman_20120831_CTL_0mnjvu15_1_1     rman_full_20120831_0injvtrq_1_1

rman_20120831_CTL_0vnjvu57_1_1     rman_full_20120831_0jnjvtvs_1_1

rman_20120831_SPFILE_0nnjvu18_1_1  rman_full_20120831_0knjvu0c_1_1

rman_20120831_SPFILE_10njvu5a_1_1  rman_full_20120831_0lnjvu13_1_1

rman_full_201208310021.log         rman_full_20120831_0onjvu1a_1_1

rman_full_201208310024.log         rman_full_20120831_0pnjvu1e_1_1

rman_full_20120831_0dnjvtrg_1_1    rman_full_20120831_0qnjvu1e_1_1

rman_full_20120831_0enjvtrg_1_1    rman_full_20120831_0rnjvu1i_1_1

rman_full_20120831_0fnjvtrg_1_1    rman_full_20120831_0snjvu4s_1_1

rman_full_20120831_0gnjvtrp_1_1    rman_full_20120831_0tnjvu52_1_1

rman_full_20120831_0hnjvtrp_1_1    rman_full_20120831_0unjvu55_1_1

验证结果：rman自动备份任务执行成功！

Linux平台下的Oracle自动备份策略(RMAN)实际案例演示

这是全库备份脚本的内容，是生产上用的

[oracle@11g ~]$ cat backup.sh

export ORACLE_SID=XXXX

rman target / nocatalog log /backup/rman_log/rman_`date +%y%m%d`.log  <

run

{

configure retention policy to recovery window of 14 days;    保留备份文件14天(时间按需要定)

configure controlfile autobackup on;    打开控制文件自动备份

configure controlfile autobackup format for device type disk to '/backup/rman/control_%F'; 控制文件备份路径和格式(修改路径即可，控制文件格式control_%F不用改)

allocate channel c1 type disk;    分配两个备份通道，并行备份

allocate channel c2 type disk;

sql 'ALTER SYSTEM ARCHIVE LOG CURRENT';    切归档

backup full tag 'full' format='/backup/rman/full_%U'

database plus archivelog format='/backup/rman/arch_%d_%T_%s';    备份全库数据和归档日志(修改备份路径)

release channel c1;

release channel c2;

}

allocate channel for maintenance device type disk;

crosscheck backupset;        检查备份集，删除过期备份集

delete noprompt obsolete;

delete archivelog until time "sysdate - 14";        保留14天内的归档日志备份

YES

exit

EOF

在数据库中检查：

SQL> show parameter control_file_record_keep_time;

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

control_file_record_keep_time        integer     16

一般control_file_record_keep_time的值应该大于RAMN中配置的备份集保留时间。

生产环境的备份如下#!/bin/bash

export ORACLE_SID=orcl

rman target / nocatalog log /home/oracle/oradata/backup_rman/log/rman_`date +%y%m%d`.log <

run

{

configure retention policy to recovery window of 7 days;

configure controlfile autobackup on;

configure controlfile autobackup format for device type disk to '/home/oracle/oradata/backup_rman/control_%F';

allocate channel c1 type disk;

allocate channel c2 type disk;

sql 'ALTER SYSTEM ARCHIVE LOG CURRENT';

backup full tag 'full' format='/home/oracle/oradata/backup_rman/full_%U_%T'

database plus archivelog format='/home/oracle/oradata/backup_rman/arch_%d_%T_%s';

release channel c1;

release channel c2;

}

allocate channel for maintenance device type disk;

crosscheck backupset;

delete noprompt obsolete;

delete noprompt archivelog until time "sysdate - 7";

exit

EOF