python threading模块的方法_在Python中通过threading模块定义和调用线程的方法

定义线程

最简单的方法：使用target指定线程要执行的目标函数，再使用start()启动。

语法：

class threading.Thread(group=None, target=None, name=None, args=(), kwargs={})

group恒为None，保留未来使用。target为要执行的函数名。name为线程名，默认为Thread-N，通常使用默认即可。但服务器端程序线程功能不同时，建议命名。

#!/usr/bin/env python3

# coding=utf-8

import threading

def function(i):

print ("function called by thread {0}".format(i))

threads = []

for i in range(5):

t = threading.Thread(target=function , args=(i,))

threads.append(t)

t.start()

t.join()

执行结果：

$ ./threading_define.py

function called by thread 0

function called by thread 1

function called by thread 2

function called by thread 3

function called by thread 4

确定当前线程

#!/usr/bin/env python3

# coding=utf-8

import threading

import time

def first_function():

print (threading.currentThread().getName()+ str(' is Starting \n'))

time.sleep(3)

print (threading.currentThread().getName()+ str( ' is Exiting \n'))

def second_function():

print (threading.currentThread().getName()+ str(' is Starting \n'))

time.sleep(2)

print (threading.currentThread().getName()+ str( ' is Exiting \n'))

def third_function():

print (threading.currentThread().getName()+\

str(' is Starting \n'))

time.sleep(1)

print (threading.currentThread().getName()+ str( ' is Exiting \n'))

if __name__ == "__main__":

t1 = threading.Thread(name='first_function', target=first_function)

t2 = threading.Thread(name='second_function', target=second_function)

t3 = threading.Thread(name='third_function',target=third_function)

t1.start()

t2.start()

t3.start()

执行结果：

$ ./threading_name.py

first_function is Starting

second_function is Starting

third_function is Starting

third_function is Exiting

second_function is Exiting

first_function is Exiting

配合logging模块一起使用：

#!/usr/bin/env python3

# coding=utf-8

import logging

import threading

import time

logging.basicConfig(

level=logging.DEBUG,

format='[%(levelname)s] (%(threadName)-10s) %(message)s',

)

def worker():

logging.debug('Starting')

time.sleep(2)

logging.debug('Exiting')

def my_service():

logging.debug('Starting')

time.sleep(3)

logging.debug('Exiting')

t = threading.Thread(name='my_service', target=my_service)

w = threading.Thread(name='worker', target=worker)

w2 = threading.Thread(target=worker) # use default name

w.start()

w2.start()

t.start()

执行结果：

$ ./threading_names_log.py[DEBUG] (worker ) Starting

[DEBUG] (Thread-1 ) Starting

[DEBUG] (my_service) Starting

[DEBUG] (worker ) Exiting

[DEBUG] (Thread-1 ) Exiting

[DEBUG] (my_service) Exiting

在子类中使用线程

前面我们的线程都是结构化编程的形式来创建。通过集成threading.Thread类也可以创建线程。Thread类首先完成一些基本上初始化，然后调用它的run()。run()方法会会调用传递给构造函数的目标函数。

#!/usr/bin/env python3

# coding=utf-8

import logging

import threading

import time

exitFlag = 0

class myThread (threading.Thread):

def __init__(self, threadID, name, counter):

threading.Thread.__init__(self)

self.threadID = threadID

self.name = name

self.counter = counter

def run(self):

print ("Starting " + self.name)

print_time(self.name, self.counter, 5)

print ("Exiting " + self.name)

def print_time(threadName, delay, counter):

while counter:

if exitFlag:

thread.exit()

time.sleep(delay)

print ("%s: %s" %(threadName, time.ctime(time.time())))

counter -= 1

# Create new threads

thread1 = myThread(1, "Thread-1", 1)

thread2 = myThread(2, "Thread-2", 2)

# Start new Threads

thread1.start()

thread2.start()

print ("Exiting Main Thread")

执行结果：

$ ./threading_subclass.py

Starting Thread-1

Starting Thread-2

Exiting Main Thread

Thread-1: Tue Sep 15 11:03:21 2015

Thread-2: Tue Sep 15 11:03:22 2015

Thread-1: Tue Sep 15 11:03:22 2015

Thread-1: Tue Sep 15 11:03:23 2015

Thread-2: Tue Sep 15 11:03:24 2015

Thread-1: Tue Sep 15 11:03:24 2015

Thread-1: Tue Sep 15 11:03:25 2015

Exiting Thread-1

Thread-2: Tue Sep 15 11:03:26 2015

Thread-2: Tue Sep 15 11:03:28 2015

Thread-2: Tue Sep 15 11:03:30 2015

Exiting Thread-2