base64 hex java_Hex和Base64

Hex(十六进制)和Base64类似，并不是一种加密算法，而是一种编码的手段，重新编码之后的数据很容易还原，用于加密的话，只防君子而不防小人

这两种编码方式可以将byte数组转化为方便查看的字符串

比如使用MD5对字符串做摘要：

public static voidmain(String[] args) throws Exception {

System.out.println(new String(DigestUtils.md5("啊哈iuashuai")));

}

控制台显示：

�X�L����={�=b��

虽然提取了数据摘要，但是看不懂是什么，并不方便保存，如果使用16进制进行编码：

public static voidmain(String[] args) throws Exception {

System.out.println(Hex.encodeToString(DigestUtils.md5("啊哈iuashuai")));

}

控制台显示：

ab58f24ccbcecaef3d7bb73d621ffba5

进行16进制编码之后的数据，十分方便保存，可以读出来，告诉别人，存在数据库中，也方便查看。

再比如：value=a&b=c，特殊的情况下，我们希望表达的意思value等于字符串"a&b=c"，这时候就需要对"a&b=c"进行编码，使用的时候，再进行解码。

编码之后的数据，不会发生中文乱码，也不会出现非法字符和空白字符，更方便程序和人类对数据的读取。

除了Base64、Hex，还有Unicode、Url等编码，不同的编码，有着不同的特征，根据特征可以应用到不同的场景。

16进制编码

代码选自Common-codec

public classHex {public static String encodeToString(bytebytes[]) {char encodedChars[] =encode(bytes);return newString(encodedChars);

}public static char[] encode(bytedata[]) {int l =data.length;char out[] = new char[l << 1];int i = 0;int j = 0;for (; i < l; i++) {

out[j++] = DIGITS[(240 & data[i]) >>> 4];

out[j++] = DIGITS[15 &data[i]];

}returnout;

}public static byte[] decode(String hex) {returndecode(hex.toCharArray());

}public static byte[] decode(char data[]) throwsIllegalArgumentException {int len =data.length;if ((len & 1) != 0)throw new IllegalArgumentException("Odd number of characters.");byte out[] = new byte[len >> 1];int i = 0;for (int j = 0; j

j++;

f|=toDigit(data[j], j);

j++;

out[i]= (byte) (f & 255);

i++;

}returnout;

}protected static int toDigit(char ch, int index) throwsIllegalArgumentException {int digit = Character.digit(ch, 16);if (digit == -1)throw new IllegalArgumentException((new StringBuilder()).append("Illegal hexadecimal charcter ").append(ch)

.append(" at index ").append(index).toString());else

returndigit;

}private static final char DIGITS[] = { '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e','f'};

}

Base64编码

代码选自阿里巴巴Druid.jar

public classBase64 {publicBase64() {

}public static String byteArrayToBase64(bytea[]) {return byteArrayToBase64(a, false);

}public static String byteArrayToAltBase64(bytea[]) {return byteArrayToBase64(a, true);

}private static String byteArrayToBase64(byte a[], booleanalternate) {int aLen =a.length;int numFullGroups = aLen / 3;int numBytesInPartialGroup = aLen - 3 *numFullGroups;int resultLen = 4 * ((aLen + 2) / 3);

StringBuilder result= newStringBuilder(resultLen);char intToAlpha[] = alternate ?intToAltBase64 : intToBase64;int inCursor = 0;for (int i = 0; i < numFullGroups; i++) {int byte0 = a[inCursor++] & 255;int byte1 = a[inCursor++] & 255;int byte2 = a[inCursor++] & 255;

result.append(intToAlpha[byte0>> 2]);

result.append(intToAlpha[byte0<< 4 & 63 | byte1 >> 4]);

result.append(intToAlpha[byte1<< 2 & 63 | byte2 >> 6]);

result.append(intToAlpha[byte2& 63]);

}if (numBytesInPartialGroup != 0) {int byte0 = a[inCursor++] & 255;

result.append(intToAlpha[byte0>> 2]);if (numBytesInPartialGroup == 1) {

result.append(intToAlpha[byte0<< 4 & 63]);

result.append("==");

}else{int byte1 = a[inCursor++] & 255;

result.append(intToAlpha[byte0<< 4 & 63 | byte1 >> 4]);

result.append(intToAlpha[byte1<< 2 & 63]);

result.append('=');

}

}returnresult.toString();

}public static byte[] base64ToByteArray(String s) {return base64ToByteArray(s, false);

}public static byte[] altBase64ToByteArray(String s) {return base64ToByteArray(s, true);

}private static byte[] base64ToByteArray(String s, booleanalternate) {byte alphaToInt[] = alternate ?altBase64ToInt : base64ToInt;int sLen =s.length();int numGroups = sLen / 4;if (4 * numGroups !=sLen)throw new IllegalArgumentException("String length must be a multiple of four.");int missingBytesInLastGroup = 0;int numFullGroups =numGroups;if (sLen != 0) {if (s.charAt(sLen - 1) == '=') {

missingBytesInLastGroup++;

numFullGroups--;

}if (s.charAt(sLen - 2) == '=')

missingBytesInLastGroup++;

}byte result[] = new byte[3 * numGroups -missingBytesInLastGroup];int inCursor = 0;int outCursor = 0;for (int i = 0; i < numFullGroups; i++) {int ch0 = base64toInt(s.charAt(inCursor++), alphaToInt);int ch1 = base64toInt(s.charAt(inCursor++), alphaToInt);int ch2 = base64toInt(s.charAt(inCursor++), alphaToInt);int ch3 = base64toInt(s.charAt(inCursor++), alphaToInt);

result[outCursor++] = (byte) (ch0 << 2 | ch1 >> 4);

result[outCursor++] = (byte) (ch1 << 4 | ch2 >> 2);

result[outCursor++] = (byte) (ch2 << 6 |ch3);

}if (missingBytesInLastGroup != 0) {int ch0 = base64toInt(s.charAt(inCursor++), alphaToInt);int ch1 = base64toInt(s.charAt(inCursor++), alphaToInt);

result[outCursor++] = (byte) (ch0 << 2 | ch1 >> 4);if (missingBytesInLastGroup == 1) {int ch2 = base64toInt(s.charAt(inCursor++), alphaToInt);

result[outCursor++] = (byte) (ch1 << 4 | ch2 >> 2);

}

}returnresult;

}private static int base64toInt(char c, bytealphaToInt[]) {int result =alphaToInt[c];if (result < 0)throw new IllegalArgumentException((new StringBuilder()).append("Illegal character ").append(c).toString());else

returnresult;

}private static final char intToBase64[] = { 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'I', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N','O', 'P', 'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i','j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z', '0', '1', '2', '3','4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '+', '/'};private static final char intToAltBase64[] = { '!', '"', '#', '$', '%', '&', '\'', '(', ')', ',', '-', '.', ':',';', '', '@', '[', ']', '^', '`', '_', '{', '|', '}', '~', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h','i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z', '0', '1', '2','3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '+', '?'};private static final byte base64ToInt[] = { -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 62, -1,-1, -1, 63, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 26, 27, 28, 29,30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51};private static final byte altBase64ToInt[] = { -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, -1, 62, 9, 10,11, -1, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 12, 13, 14, -1, 15, 63, 16, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 17, -1, 18, 19, 21, 20, 26, 27, 28,29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 22, 23, 24,25};

}