I found a solution on the web (see below, circa 2009) which does not work on my machine (Windows 7, Matlab R2013a):
Editor = com.mathworks.mlservices.MLEditorServices;
Editor.closeAll;
解决方案
As you noticed, newer versions of Matlab do not return the same type of Java object for the editor.
The main editor service can still be accessed with the same command as before:
edtSvc = com.mathworks.mlservices.MLEditorServices ; %// get the main editor service ;
But this only return the handle of the service, not individual editor.
As answered by Daniel, you can close the full service from there, which will close all the editors at once. You can use one of the 2 methods available:
edtSvc.getEditorApplication.close ; %// Close all editor windows. Prompt to save if necessary.
edtSvc.getEditorApplication.closeNoPrompt ; %//