python运算符重载应用_Python运算符重载用法实例分析

本文实例讲述了Python运算符重载用法。分享给大家供大家参考。具体如下：

在Python语言中提供了类似于C++的运算符重在功能：

一下为Python运算符重在调用的方法如下：

Method         Overloads         Call for

__init__        构造函数         X=Class()

__del__         析构函数         对象销毁

__add__         +                 X+Y,X+=Y

__or__         |                 X|Y,X|=Y

__repr__        打印转换         print X，repr(X)

__str__         打印转换         print X，str(X)

__call__        调用函数         X()

__getattr_    限制             X.undefine

__setattr__     取值             X.any=value

__getitem__     索引             X[key]，

__len__         长度             len(X)

__cmp__         比较             X==Y,X

__lt__         小于             X

__eq__         等于             X=Y

__radd__        Right-Side +         +X

__iadd__        +=                 X+=Y

__iter__        迭代             For In

1. 减法重载

class Number:

def __init__(self, start):

self.data = start

def __sub__(self, other): #minus method

return Number(self.data - other)

number = Number(20)

y = number – 10 # invoke __sub__ method

class Number:

def __init__(self, start):

self.data = start

def __sub__(self, other): #minus method

return Number(self.data - other)

number = Number(20)

y = number – 10 # invoke __sub__ method

2. 迭代重载

class indexer:

def __getitem__(self, index): #iter override

return index ** 2

X = indexer()

X[2]

for i in range(5):

print X[i]

class indexer:

def __getitem__(self, index): #iter override

return index ** 2

X = indexer()

X[2]

for i in range(5):

print X[i]

3. 索引重载

class stepper:

def __getitem__(self, i):

return self.data[i]

X = stepper()

X.data = 'Spam'

X[1] #call __getitem__

for item in X: #call __getitem__

print item

class stepper:

def __getitem__(self, i):

return self.data[i]

X = stepper()

X.data = 'Spam'

X[1] #call __getitem__

for item in X: #call __getitem__

print item

4. getAttr/setAttr重载

class empty:

def __getattr__(self,attrname):

if attrname == 'age':

return 40

else:

raise AttributeError,attrname

X = empty()

print X.age #call__getattr__

class accesscontrol:

def __setattr__(self, attr, value):

if attr == 'age':

# Self.attrname = value loops!

self.__dict__[attr] = value

else:

print attr

raise AttributeError, attr + 'not allowed'

X = accesscontrol()

X.age = 40 #call __setattr__

X.name = 'wang' #raise exception

class empty:

def __getattr__(self,attrname):

if attrname == 'age':

return 40

else:

raise AttributeError,attrname

X = empty()

print X.age #call__getattr__

class accesscontrol:

def __setattr__(self, attr, value):

if attr == 'age':

# Self.attrname = value loops!

self.__dict__[attr] = value

else:

print attr

raise AttributeError, attr + 'not allowed'

X = accesscontrol()

X.age = 40 #call __setattr__

X.name = 'wang' #raise exception

5. 打印重载

class adder:

def __init__(self, value=0):

self.data = value

def __add__(self, other):

self.data += other

class addrepr(adder):

def __repr__(self):

return 'addrepr(%s)' % self.data

x = addrepr(2) #run __init__

x + 1 #run __add__

print x #run __repr__

class adder:

def __init__(self, value=0):

self.data = value

def __add__(self, other):

self.data += other

class addrepr(adder):

def __repr__(self):

return 'addrepr(%s)' % self.data

x = addrepr(2) #run __init__

x + 1 #run __add__

print x #run __repr__

6. Call调用函数重载

class Prod:

def __init__(self, value):

self.value = value

def __call__(self, other):

return self.value * other

p = Prod(2) #call __init__

print p(1) #call __call__

print p(2)

class Prod:

def __init__(self, value):

self.value = value

def __call__(self, other):

return self.value * other

p = Prod(2) #call __init__

print p(1) #call __call__

print p(2)

7. 析构函数重载

class Life:

def __init__(self, name='name'):

print 'Hello', name

self.name = name

def __del__(self):

print 'Goodby', self.name

brain = Life('Brain') #call __init__

brain = 'loretta' # call __del__

希望本文所述对大家的Python程序设计有所帮助。

本文标题: Python运算符重载用法实例分析

本文地址: http://www.cppcns.com/jiaoben/python/125665.html