matlab ccdf,Configure Spectrum Analyzer

Distortion Measurements Panel

The Distortion Measurements panel displays harmonic distortion and intermodulation distortion measurements.

From the menu, select Tools > Measurements > Distortion Measurements.

On the toolbar, click the Distortion Measurements

button.

The Distortion Measurements panel has an expandable Harmonics pane, which

shows measurement results for the specified number of harmonics.

Note

For an accurate measurement, ensure that the fundamental signal (for harmonics) or primary tones (for

intermodulation) is larger than any spurious or harmonic content. To do so, you may need to adjust the

resolution bandwidth (RBW) of the spectrum analyzer. Make sure that the bandwidth is

low enough to isolate the signal and harmonics from spurious and noise content. In general, you should set

the RBW so that there is at least a 10dB separation between the peaks of the sinusoids and the noise

floor. You may also need to select a different spectral window to obtain a valid measurement.

Distortion — The type of distortion measurements to display. Available

options are Harmonic or Intermodulation.

Select Harmonic if your system input is a single sinusoid. Select

Intermodulation if your system input is two equal amplitude sinusoids.

Intermodulation can help you determine distortion when only a small portion of the available

bandwidth will be used.

See Distortion Measurements for information on how distortion measurements

are calculated.

When you select Harmonic as the Distortion, the

following fields appear.

The harmonic distortion measurement automatically locates the largest sinusoidal component

(fundamental signal frequency). It then computes the harmonic frequencies and power in each harmonic in your

signal. Any DC component is ignored. Any harmonics that are outside the spectrum analyzer’s frequency span are not

included in the measurements. Adjust your frequency span so that it includes all the desired harmonics.

Note

To view the best harmonics, make sure that your fundamental frequency is set high enough to resolve the

harmonics. However, this frequency should not be so high that aliasing occurs. For the best display of

harmonic distortion, your plot should not show skirts, which indicate frequency leakage. Also, the noise

floor should be visible.

For a better display, try a Kaiser window with a large sidelobe attenuation (e.g. between 100–300

db).

Num. Harmonics — Number of harmonics to display, including the

fundamental frequency. Valid values of Num. Harmonics are from

2 to 99. The default value is

6.

Label Harmonics — Select Label Harmonics to add

numerical labels to each harmonic in the spectrum display.

1 — The fundamental frequency, in hertz, and its power, in decibels of

the measured power referenced to 1 milliwatt (dBm).

2, 3, ... — The harmonics frequencies, in hertz, and their power in

decibels relative to the carrier (dBc). If the harmonics are at the same level or exceed the

fundamental frequency, reduce the input power.

THD — The total harmonic distortion. This value represents the ratio of

the power in the harmonics, D, to the power in the fundamental frequency,

S. If the noise power is too high in relation to the harmonics, the THD value

is not accurate. In this case, lower the resolution bandwidth or select a different spectral

window.

THD=10⋅log10(D/S)

SNR — Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). This value represents the ratio of

power in the fundamental frequency, S, to the power of all nonharmonic content,

N, including spurious signals, in decibels relative to the carrier (dBc).

SNR=10⋅log10(S/N)

If you see –– as the reported SNR, the total non-harmonic

content of your signal is less than 30% of the total signal.

SINAD — Signal-to-noise-and-distortion. This value represents the ratio

of the power in the fundamental frequency, S to all other content (including

noise, N, and harmonic distortion, D), in decibels relative

to the carrier (dBc).

SINAD=10⋅log10(SN+D)

SFDR — Spurious free dynamic range (SFDR). This value represents the

ratio of the power in the fundamental frequency, S, to power of the largest

spurious signal, R, regardless of where it falls in the frequency spectrum. The

worst spurious signal may or may not be a harmonic of the original signal. SFDR represents the

smallest value of a signal that can be distinguished from a large interfering signal. SFDR

includes harmonics.

SNR=10⋅log10(S/R)

When you select Intermodulation as the Distortion,

the following fields appear.

The intermodulation distortion measurement automatically locates the fundamental, first-order

frequencies (F1 and F2). It then computes the frequencies of the third-order intermodulation products (2*F1-F2 and

2*F2-F1).

Label frequencies — Select Label frequencies to add

numerical labels to the first-order intermodulation product and third-order frequencies in the

spectrum analyzer display.

F1 — Lower fundamental first-order frequency

F2 — Upper fundamental first-order frequency

2F1 - F2 — Lower intermodulation product from third-order

harmonics

2F2 - F1 — Upper intermodulation product from third-order

harmonics

TOI — Third-order intercept point. If the noise power is too high in

relation to the harmonics, the TOI value will not be accurate. In this case, you should lower the

resolution bandwidth or select a different spectral window. If the TOI has the same amplitude as

the input two-tone signal, reduce the power of that input signal.