python空白处错误_初学Python常见异常错误,总有一处你会遇到!

初学Python常见错误忘记写冒号

误用=

错误 缩紧

变量没有定义

中英文输入法导致的错误

不同数据类型的拼接

索引位置问题

使用字典中不存在的键

忘了括号

漏传参数

缺失依赖库

使用了python中对关键词

编码问题

1. 忘记写冒号

在 if、elif、else、for、while、def语句后面忘记添加:age =42

ifage ==42

print('Hello!')File"", line2

ifage ==42

^

SyntaxError: invalid syntax

2. 误用=

=是赋值操作，而判断两个值是否相等是==gender ='男'

ifgender ='男':

print('Man')File"", line2

ifgender ='男':

^

SyntaxError: invalid syntax

3. 错误的缩进

Python用缩进区分代码块，常见的错误用法：print('Hello!')

print('Howdy!')File"", line2

print('Howdy!')

^

IndentationError: unexpected indentnum =25

ifnum ==25:

print('Hello!')File"", line3

print('Hello!')

^

IndentationError: expected an indented block

4. 变量没有定义ifcityin['New York','Bei Jing','Tokyo']:

print('This is a mega city')---------------------------------------------------------------------------

NameErrorTraceback(most recent calllast)

in

---->1ifcityin['New York','Bei Jing','Tokyo']:

2print('This is a mega city')NameError: name'city'isnotdefined

5. 中英文输入法导致的错误英文冒号

英文括号

英文逗号

英文单双引号if5>3：

print('5比3大')File"", line1

if5>3：

^

SyntaxError: invalid characterinidentifierif5>3:

print('5比3大')File"", line2

print('5比3大')

^

SyntaxError: invalid characterinidentifierspam = [1,2，3]File"", line1

spam = [1,2，3]

^

SyntaxError: invalid characterinidentifierif5>3:

print('5比3大‘)File"", line2

print('5比3大‘)

^

SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal

6. 不同数据类型的拼接

字符串/列表/元组 支持拼接

字典/集合不支持拼接'I have '+12+' eggs.'

#'I have {} eggs.'.format(12)---------------------------------------------------------------------------

TypeErrorTraceback(most recent calllast)

in

---->1'I have '+12+' eggs.'TypeError: can only concatenate str (not"int") to str['a','b','c']+'def'---------------------------------------------------------------------------

TypeErrorTraceback(most recent calllast)

in

---->1['a','b','c']+'def'TypeError: can only concatenate list (not"str") to list('a','b','c')+['a','b','c']---------------------------------------------------------------------------

TypeErrorTraceback(most recent calllast)

in

---->1('a','b','c')+['a','b','c']TypeError: can only concatenate tuple (not"list") to tupleset(['a','b','c'])+set(['d','e'])---------------------------------------------------------------------------

TypeErrorTraceback(most recent calllast)

in

---->1set(['a','b','c'])+set(['d','e'])TypeError: unsupported operand type(s)for+:'set'and'set'grades1 = {'Mary':99,'Henry':77}

grades2 = {'David':88,'Unique':89}

grades1+grades2---------------------------------------------------------------------------

TypeErrorTraceback(most recent calllast)

in

2grades2 = {'David':88,'Unique':89}

3

---->4grades1+grades2TypeError: unsupported operand type(s)for+:'dict'and'dict'

7. 索引位置问题spam = ['cat','dog','mouse']

print(spam[5])---------------------------------------------------------------------------

IndexErrorTraceback(most recent calllast)

in

1spam = ['cat','dog','mouse']

---->2print(spam[5])IndexError: list indexoutof range

8. 使用字典中不存在的键

在字典对象中访问 key 可以使用[]，

但是如果该 key 不存在，就会导致：KeyError: 'zebra'spam = {'cat':'Zophie',

'dog':'Basil',

'mouse':'Whiskers'}

print(spam['zebra'])---------------------------------------------------------------------------

KeyErrorTraceback(most recent calllast)

in

3'mouse':'Whiskers'}

4

---->5print(spam['zebra'])KeyError:'zebra'

为了避免这种情况，可以使用 get 方法spam = {'cat':'Zophie',

'dog':'Basil',

'mouse':'Whiskers'}

print(spam.get('zebra'))None

key 不存在时，get 默认返回 None

9. 忘了括号

当函数中传入的是函数或者方法时，容易漏写括号spam = {'cat':'Zophie',

'dog':'Basil',

'mouse':'Whiskers'}

print(spam.get('zebra')File"", line5

print(spam.get('zebra')

^

SyntaxError: unexpected EOFwhileparsing

10. 漏传参数defdiyadd(x, y, z):

returnx+y+z

diyadd(1,2)---------------------------------------------------------------------------

TypeErrorTraceback(most recent calllast)

in

2returnx+y+z

3

---->4diyadd(1,2)TypeError: diyadd() missing1required positional argument:'z'

11. 缺失依赖库

电脑中没有相关的库

12. 使用了python中的关键词

如try、except、def、class、object、None、True、False等try=5

print(try)File"", line1

try=5

^

SyntaxError: invalid syntaxdef=6

print(6)File"", line1

def=6

^

SyntaxError: invalid syntax

13. 文件编码问题importpandasaspd

df = pd.read_csv('data/twitter情感分析数据集.csv')

df.head()

尝试encoding编码参数传入utf-8、gbkdf = pd.read_csv('data/twitter情感分析数据集.csv', encoding='utf-8')

df.head()

都报错说明编码不是utf-8和gbk，而是不常见都编码，这里我们需要传入正确都encoding，才能让程序运行。

python有个chardet库，专门用来侦测编码。importchardet

binary_data = open('data/twitter情感分析数据集.csv','rb').read()

chardet.detect(binary_data){'encoding':'Windows-1252','confidence':0.7291192008535122,'language':''}