操作系统:CentOS 7.6
参考文档:
实际安装过程中,有些地方会与文档写的不一样。
如果本地有安装mariadb-libs,先卸载掉
[root@iZ8vbaz7sozl7oh8vu9vrsZ ~]# rpm -qa|grep mariadb
mariadb-libs-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64
[root@iZ8vbaz7sozl7oh8vu9vrsZ ~]# yum remove mariadb-libs-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64 -y
警告:MySQL对libaio库有依赖性。如果未在本地安装该库,则数据目录初始化和随后的服务器启动步骤将失败。
1、
先在操作系统安装libaio 库。
yum install libaio
2、
获取下载地址
下载命令:
wget https://cdn.mysql.com/archives/mysql-5.7/mysql-5.7.29-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
2、
shell> groupadd mysql
shell> useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql
shell> cd /usr/local
shell> tar zxvf /root/mysql-5.7.29-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
shell> ln -s /usr/local/mysql-5.7.29-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql
shell> cd mysql
shell> mkdir mysql-files
shell> chown mysql:mysql mysql-files
shell> chmod 750 mysql-files
shell> chown mysql.mysql /usr/local//mysql
shell> bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --basedir=/usr/local/mysql
/*******
注意:这步执行完成后会显示初始化的root用户密码
2020-05-14T05:38:52.063819Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: O(TsKbE/I9hw
密码是:O(TsKbE/I9hw
********/
shell> bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup
/********
这一步不执行也可以,执行之后会开启SSL
********/
shell> bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
会显示如下日志,11382是mysqld_safe进程号:
[1] 11382
[root@iZ8vbaz7sozl7oh8vu9vrsZ mysql]# Logging to '/usr/local/mysql/data/iZ8vbaz7sozl7oh8vu9vrsZ.err'.
2020-05-15T00:20:24.365985Z mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /usr/local/mysql/data
shell>ps -ef|grep mysql
可以看下有没有mysql进程,这里会出现两个,一个mysqld_safe,一个mysqld,本质上是mysqld命令去启动数据库,使用mysqld_safe启动数据库,它也是调用了mysqld命令去启动数据库,它会对mysqld进程做一些监控,如果mysqld进程挂掉,它会把mysqld进程重新拉起来。mysqld_safe可以理解为守护进程。
[root@iZ8vbaz7sozl7oh8vu9vrsZ mysql]# ps -ef|grep mysql
root 11382 11302 0 08:20 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/sh bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql
mysql 11452 11382 0 08:20 pts/0 00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=iZ8vbaz7sozl7oh8vu9vrsZ.err --pid-file=iZ8vbaz7sozl7oh8vu9vrsZ.pid
root 11484 11302 0 08:20 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysql
shell> cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql.server
bin/mysql -uroot -p
mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.
需要先修改密码。
mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;
+---------------+-----------+
| user | host |
+---------------+-----------+
| mysql.session | localhost |
| mysql.sys | localhost |
| root | localhost |
+---------------+-----------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> update mysql.user set host ='%' where user='root';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
在操作系统杀掉myql进程。
kill 11382;
kill 11452;
使用mysql服务启动竟然报错了,
[root@iZ8vbaz7sozl7oh8vu9vrsZ mysql]# service mysql start
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start mysql.service
Failed to start mysql.service: Unit not found.
在一篇博客中找到了答案,
参考解决方法二。
在 /etc/systemd/system/mysqld.service 添加Unit,既然错误提示找不到Unit那我们添加一个就好了。在 /etc/systemd/system/mysqld.service下添加如下内容
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
After=network.target
[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/mysql/my.cnf --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --socket=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock User=mysql
Group=mysql
WorkingDirectory=/usr
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
再操作系统执行:systemctl daemon-reload
再启动就可以成功了。
[root@iZ8vbaz7sozl7oh8vu9vrsZ mysql]# service mysql start
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start mysql.service
vi ~/.bash_profile
在【export PATH】前加入
PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin
source ~/.bash_profile
在任意目录下执行都可以调用到mysql命令。
至此,mysql已经完成完成,并且可以正常使用。但所有参数都是默认值。
停掉数据库,修改一些参数。
service mysql stop
[root@iZ8vbaz7sozl7oh8vu9vrsZ data]# touch /usr/local/mysql/mysqld.log
[root@iZ8vbaz7sozl7oh8vu9vrsZ data]# chown mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/mysqld.log
配置文件说明比较详细
修改一些参数,方便后期主备复制使用。
vi /etc/my.cnf
[client]
port= 3306socket= /tmp/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
#基本设置
server-id=1port=3306skip-name-resolve
character_set_server=utf8
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
tmpdir=/tmp
log-error=/usr/local/mysql/mysqld.log
pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/mysqld.pid
#不区分大小写
lower_case_table_names= 1sql_mode=''
default-time_zone = '+8:00'transaction_isolation= READ-COMMITTED
max_connections=1000interactive_timeout= 7200wait_timeout= 7200max_allowed_packet=1024M
tmp_table_size=64M
max_heap_table_size=64M
read_rnd_buffer_size=1M
sort_buffer_size=1M
join_buffer_size=1M
table_open_cache= 2000thread_cache_size= 16thread_stack=512k
slow_query_log= 1long_query_time= 3log_bin= mysql-bin.log
max_binlog_size=1024M
binlog_format=row
binlog_row_image=full
log_slave_updates
sync_binlog= 1innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1innodb_buffer_pool_size=512M
innodb_buffer_pool_instances= 1innodb_lock_wait_timeout= 60innodb_io_capacity= 2000innodb_io_capacity_max= 4000innodb_flush_method= O_DIRECT
启动数据库
service mysql start