本文介绍了Python项目中的模块执行流程，特别是当使用`python -m py`命令执行模块时，`__init__.py`和`__main__.py`之间的交互。在`__init__.py`中定义了`foo`对象和相关信息，并通过`__all__`导出。`__main__.py`导入`__init__.py`的`info`对象并打印，展示了模块作为脚本运行时的命名空间差异。
模块目录结构如下：
py/
__init__.py
__main__.py
__init__.py
#!/usr/bin/python3
#
# __init__.py
#
__all__ = ['foo']
foo = {'bar': 'baz'}
info = { "package": __package__,
"name": __name__,
"locals": [x for x in locals().copy()] }
print(info)
__main__.py
#!/usr/bin/python3
#
# __main__.py
#
info = { "package": __package__,
"name": __name__,
"locals": [x for x in locals().copy()] }
print(info)
from . import info as pyinfo
print({"pyinfo: ": pyinfo})
使用$ python -m py标志将模块作为脚本执行
$ python -m py
# the printout from the 'print(info)' command in __init__.py
{'name': 'py', 'locals': ['__all__', '__builtins__', '__file__', '__package__', '__path__', '__name__', 'foo', '__doc__'], 'package': None}
# the printout from the 'print(info)' command in __main__.py
{'name': '__main__', 'locals': ['__builtins__', '__name__', '__file__', '__loader__', '__doc__', '__package__'], 'package': 'py'}
# the printout from the 'print(pyinfo)' command in __main__.py
{'pyinfo: ': {'name': 'py', 'locals': ['__all__', '__builtins__', '__file__', '__package__', '__path__', '__name__', 'foo', '__doc__'], 'package': None}}
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