名词的单复数
可数名词的变化规则
一般在词尾加-s
desk/desks book/books hand/hands dog/dogs bee/bees face/faces orange/oranges 以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的名词加-es class/classes box/boxes match/matches bush/bushes |
以辅音字母+-y结尾的名词,变-y为-i,再加-es;而以元音字母+-y结尾的名词,则直接加-s.
country/countries
family/families
baby/babies
lady/ladies
play/plays
boy/boys
guy/guys
donkey/donkeys
monkey/monkeys
key/keys
其他特殊变化的名词
1
以o结尾的名词
potato/potatoes
tomato/tomatoes
piano/pianoes
hero/heroes
studio/studios
bamboo/bamboos
2
以f或fe结尾的名词:
A:变f,fe为v,再加-es的词有
half/halves
knife/knives
leaf/leaves
life/lives
self/selves
thief/thieves
wife/wives
wolf/wolves
B:一般直接加-s的词有
belief/beliefs
chief/chiefs
cliff/cliffs
proof/proofs
roof/roofs
3
单复数同形的可数名词,常见的有
aircraft
deer
giraffe
sheep
eg: a sheep,two sheep
4
man/woman及man/woman+名词构成的复合名词
man/men
woman/women
child/children
man/woman+名词构成的复合名词,两个词须都变为复数。
man teacher/men teachers
man doctor/men doctors
man servant/men servants
woman pilot/women pilots
woman journalist/women journalists
1
名词+介词或介词短语构成的复合名词变复数时,将主体名词(或说中心名词)变为复数
passer-by/passers-by
runner-up/runners-up
looker-on/lookers-on
mother-in-law/mothers-in-law
editor-in-chief/editors-in chief
不可数名词
不可数名词
物质名词通常不可数
液体:
beer,blood,coffee,cream,gasonline,honey,juice,milk.oil,tea,water,wine.
固体:
bread,butter,cheese,ice,ice-cream,meat,beef,chicken,fish.
气体:
air,fog,oxygen,smoke
抽象名词通常不可数
advice,anger,beauty,confidence,fun,happiness,health,honesty,information,love,luck,peace.
总称的名词通常不可数
不可数名词还通常指有很多单独的部分组成的一组事物。

其他的总称名词有:
machinery/machine
equipment/tool
poetry/poet
不可数名词的度量
虽然我们不能用具体数字(如:one two three,four等)来表示不可数名词的数量,但我们可以借用量词来表示其量的概念。
不同类型的不可数名词所使用的量词也不一样,一般规则如下:
1
常用piece修饰以下抽象名词和物质名词
advice,bread,baggage,chalk,equipment,furniture,information,jewelry,luggage,music,news等。例如:
a piece of news
two pieces of news
several pieces of furniture
three pieces of luggage
2
用bottle,cuo,drop,glass修饰液态物质
beer,blood,coffee,milk,tea,water,wine等。例如:
several drops of blood,
a glass of milk
two cups of coffee
3
其他的量词
a loaf of bread
a tube of toothpaste
a pack of cigarette
a slice of meat