您需要使用完整的类名来设置类变量。^在double_x和tripple_x中{}将分别引用子类(ObjectOne和ObjectTwo),并且在这些子类上设置属性将存储新的变量,而不是更改类变量BaseObject.x。只有通过直接访问基类变量,才能改变基类变量。
使用你的代码,我们得到:>>> obj_1 = ObjectOne()
cls.initialized = False
>>> obj_1.double_x()
2
>>> obj_2 = ObjectTwo()
cls.initialized = False
>>> obj_2.triple_x()
3
>>> BaseObject.x
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "", line 1, in
AttributeError: type object 'BaseObject' has no attribute 'x'
>>> BaseObject.initialized, ObjectOne.initialized, ObjectOne.x, ObjectTwo.initialized, ObjectTwo.x
(False, True, 2, True, 3)
在_initialize()中,cls被设置为ObjectOne或ObjectTwo,这取决于您创建的实例,并且每个子类都有自己的变量initialized和x的副本。
使用BaseObject._initialize()(以确保初始化BaseObject,而不是子类)可以得到:>>> obj_1 = ObjectOne()
cls.initialized = False
>>> obj_1.double_x()
2
>>> obj_2 = ObjectTwo()
cls.initialized = True
>>> obj_2.triple_x()
3
>>> BaseObject.x, ObjectOne.x, ObjectTwo.x
(1, 2, 3)
>>> BaseObject.initialized
True
>>> 'x' in ObjectOne.__dict__
True
>>> 'initialized' in ObjectOne.__dict__
False
>>> 'initialized' in ObjectTwo.__dict__
False
所以现在_initialize()使用BaseObject作为目标来设置initialized和x的初始值,但是double_x和triple_x仍然使用它们自己的子类来设置x的new值,并且不通过BaseObject共享该值。
必须在特定基类上设置类变量的唯一选项是在all类方法中直接引用它:class BaseObject(object):
initialized = False
def __init__(self):
BaseObject._initialize()
@classmethod
def _initialize(cls):
print "cls.initialized = "+str(cls.initialized)
if not cls.initialized:
cls.x = 1
cls.initialized = True
class ObjectOne(BaseObject):
@classmethod
def double_x(cls):
BaseObject.x = BaseObject.x * 2
print cls.x
class ObjectTwo(BaseObject):
@classmethod
def triple_x(cls):
BaseObject.x = BaseObject.x * 3
print cls.x
这将给予:>>> obj_1 = ObjectOne()
cls.initialized = False
>>> obj_1.double_x()
2
>>> obj_2 = ObjectTwo()
cls.initialized = True
>>> obj_2.triple_x()
6
注意,我调用了BaseObject._initialize(),以确保cls是BasObject,而不是子类。然后,当设置x时,double_x和triple_x方法仍然直接引用BaseObject,以确保变量直接在基类上设置。当读取x的值时,上面的示例仍然使用cls,当不在本地设置时,它使用类MRO在基类上查找x。