matlab如果a不等于b,关于matlab中矩阵运算A/B的疑问

问题描述：

关于matlab中矩阵运算A/B的疑问

A/B按我的解释应该是A乘以B的逆矩阵,这样的话B必须是一个方阵才可逆呀!

可是我运行时出现:

>> a=[1;2;3;4;5;6];

>> b=a;

>> a/b

ans =

0 0 0 0 0 0.1667

0 0 0 0 0 0.3333

0 0 0 0 0 0.5000

0 0 0 0 0 0.6667

0 0 0 0 0 0.8333

0 0 0 0 0 1.0000

运算的结果是6维的矩阵,这并不是什么点除呀!再者:

>> a=[1;2;3;4;5;6];

>> b=[4;2;6;4;5;6];

>> a/b

ans =

0 0 0.1667 0 0 0

0 0 0.3333 0 0 0

0 0 0.5000 0 0 0

0 0 0.6667 0 0 0

0 0 0.8333 0 0 0

0 0 1.0000 0 0 0

>> a=[1;2;3;4;5;6];

>> b=[4;2;6;4;5;6];

>> a/b

ans =

0 0 0.1667 0 0 0

0 0 0.3333 0 0 0

0 0 0.5000 0 0 0

0 0 0.6667 0 0 0

0 0 0.8333 0 0 0

0 0 1.0000 0 0 0

还有行向量的运算:

>> a=[1 2 3 4 5 6];

>> b=[4 5 5 4 5 6];

>> b/a

ans =

1.1978

看不懂,就是不清楚这些结果如何算出来的,拒绝无意义的回答!

1个回答

分类：

综合

2014-12-07

问题解答：

我来补答

matlab里的'/'不完全等于矩阵除法.

你可以用help mrdivide看一下'/'的帮助：

>> help mrdivide

/ Slash or right matrix divide.

A/B is the matrix division of B into A, which is roughly the

same as A*INV(B) , except it is computed in a different way.

More precisely, A/B = (B'\A')'. See MLDIVIDE for details.

就是说A/B可以大致看成A*inv(B),但用的是另一种方法.更确切的讲A/B = (B'\A')'.

那再看看'\'(左除或者反除)是什么东东.

>> help mldivide

\ Backslash or left matrix divide.

A\B is the matrix division of A into B, which is roughly the

same as INV(A)*B , except it is computed in a different way.

If A is an N-by-N matrix and B is a column vector with N

components, or a matrix with several such columns, then

X = A\B is the solution to the equation A*X = B computed by

Gaussian elimination. A warning message is printed if A is

badly scaled or nearly singular. A\EYE(SIZE(A)) produces the

inverse of A.

If A is an M-by-N matrix with M < or > N and B is a column

vector with M components, or a matrix with several such columns,

then X = A\B is the solution in the least squares sense to the

under- or overdetermined system of equations A*X = B. The

effective rank, K, of A is determined from the QR decomposition

with pivoting. A solution X is computed which has at most K

nonzero components per column. If K < N this will usually not

be the same solution as PINV(A)*B. A\EYE(SIZE(A)) produces a

generalized inverse of A.

就是说当A是N阶方阵B为N行的列向量时,X=A\B就是线性方程组A*X=B的解,算法是用高斯消去法.A\EYE(SIZE(A))产生的是方阵A的逆矩阵.

如果A是M*N的矩阵且M≠N,B是跟A行数(M行)相同的列向量时,X=A\B是非满秩的线性方程组A*X=B的解系,A的秩K由QR分解得出.如果K> A=pascal(3) %A赋值为3*3的方阵.

A =

1 1 1

1 2 3

1 3 6

>> b=[1:3]' % b是3*1的列向量.

b =

1

2

3

>> x=A\b % 用反除求Ax=b的解,结果x是个列向量,注意是A\b不是b\A

x =

0

1

0

>> A*x % 验证一下A*x刚好等于b

ans =

1

2

3

>> x=b'/A' % 这回是正除了,不过b'是行向量,A'也倒一下,正除的时候就是b'/A'了,不是A'/b'了,结果x是个行向量

x =

0 1 0

>> x*A' % 验证一下,跟b'一样.

ans =

1 2 3

>> A=rand(3,4) % 这回重新赋值,A不是方阵了,是3*4的矩阵

A =

0.5298 0.3798 0.4611 0.0592

0.6405 0.7833 0.5678 0.6029

0.2091 0.6808 0.7942 0.0503

>> x=A\b % 实际上方程组没有唯一确定的解,而是无数解,所以解出来的是一个特解

x =

-1.5132

4.9856

0

-1.5528

>> A*x % 验证,跟b相等.

ans =

1.0000

2.0000

3.0000

>> A=rand(3,2) % 再看看3*2的矩阵,行数>列数的情况

A =

0.4154 0.0150

0.3050 0.7680

0.8744 0.9708

>> x=A\b

x =

1.8603

1.5902

>> A*x % 验证一下,嗯?怎么不等于b了?

ans =

0.7966

1.7886

3.1704

% 为什么呢?因为方程数(行数)太多,未知数(列数)个数太少,2个未知数,用2个线性无关的方程就可以求确定的解了,现在方程多了,不能同时满足所有方程,所以实际上是无解,只不过matlab里用的是一个最小二乘意义上的近似解,所以验证时不等,只是尽可能近似的满足所有方程.

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