java自带工具_java自带命令工具

jstat，这个工具很强大，可以监测Java虚拟机GC多方面的状态，具体参数含义参见此链接：

./jstat -gc 84012 1000 3

S0C    S1C    S0U    S1U      EC       EU        OC         OU       PC     PU    YGC     YGCT    FGC    FGCT     GCT

2112.0 2112.0  0.0    0.0   17024.0    0.0     63872.0     1319.9   21248.0 4728.1 743416  209.646   5      0.046  209.692

2112.0 2112.0  0.0    0.0   17024.0    0.0     63872.0     1319.9   21248.0 4728.1 743849  209.755   5      0.046  209.801

2112.0 2112.0  0.0    0.0   17024.0    0.0     63872.0     1319.

jmap，这大概是最常用的命令。下面这个命令不但可以列出类的实例数量，还有强制进行一次full GC的“副作用”，这样的副作用对于定位某些问题很有帮助，参见《使用堆外内存》：

./jmap -histo:live 84012

num     #instances         #bytes  class name

----------------------------------------------

1:           824        1177656  [B

2:          8096        1106672

...

使用-heap参数，则可以打印堆的使用情况：

./jmap -heap 84012

Attaching to process ID 84012, please wait...

Debugger attached successfully.

Server compiler detected.

JVM version is 20.65-b04-462

using parallel threads in the new generation.

using thread-local object allocation.

Concurrent Mark-Sweep GC

Heap Configuration:

MinHeapFreeRatio = 40

MaxHeapFreeRatio = 70

MaxHeapSize      = 132120576 (126.0MB)

NewSize          = 21757952 (20.75MB)

MaxNewSize       = 174456832 (166.375MB)

OldSize          = 65404928 (62.375MB)

NewRatio         = 7

SurvivorRatio    = 8

PermSize         = 21757952 (20.75MB)

MaxPermSize      = 85983232 (82.0MB)

Heap Usage:

New Generation (Eden + 1 Survivor Space):

capacity = 19595264 (18.6875MB)

used     = 16785688 (16.008079528808594MB)

free     = 2809576 (2.6794204711914062MB)

85.66196403375837% used

Eden Space:

capacity = 17432576 (16.625MB)

used     = 16785688 (16.008079528808594MB)

free     = 646888 (0.6169204711914062MB)

96.28920017328477% used

From Space:

capacity = 2162688 (2.0625MB)

used     = 0 (0.0MB)

free     = 2162688 (2.0625MB)

0.0% used

To Space:

capacity = 2162688 (2.0625MB)

used     = 0 (0.0MB)

free     = 2162688 (2.0625MB)

0.0% used

concurrent mark-sweep generation:

capacity = 65404928 (62.375MB)

used     = 1390576 (1.3261566162109375MB)

free     = 64014352 (61.04884338378906MB)

2.126102791520541% used

Perm Generation:

capacity = 21757952 (20.75MB)

used     = 4852336 (4.6275482177734375MB)

free     = 16905616 (16.122451782226562MB)

22.301437194088855% used

使用-permstat参数，查看永久区：

./jmap -permstat 84012

Attaching to process ID 84012, please wait...

Debugger attached successfully.

Server compiler detected.

JVM version is 20.65-b04-462

1239 intern Strings occupying 104312 bytes.

finding class loader instances ..Warning: skipping invalid TLAB for thread t@59779

Warning: skipping invalid TLAB for thread t@59527

Warning: skipping invalid TLAB for thread t@59907

Warning: skipping invalid TLAB for thread t@60163

Warning: skipping invalid TLAB for thread t@60419

Warning: skipping invalid TLAB for thread t@60675

Finding object size using Printezis bits and skipping over...

done.

computing per loader stat ..done.

please wait.. computing liveness...done.

class_loader    classes bytes   parent_loader   alive?  type

590 3973048   null      live

0x00000007f44cace0  0   0     null      live    sun/misc/Launcher$ExtClassLoader@0x00000007faff8a40

0x00000007f44c1478  8   143928  0x00000007f44cace0  live    sun/misc/Launcher$AppClassLoader@0x00000007fb056e88

total = 3   598 4116976     N/A     alive=3, dead=0     N/A

把内存中的堆dump成一个镜像文件：

./jmap -dump:live,format=b,file=/Users/xiongyi/Documents/dump.core 84012

jstack，线程堆栈打印。注意waiting to lock 在等待锁，比如进入临界区时；locked 表示当前同步操作，线程锁住了某资源；而waiting on 指的是在同步块内，wait方法的执行中暂时地释放了该锁的占用，等唤醒的时候需要重新获取：

./jstack 84012

2013-11-11 18:30:35

Full thread dump Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (20.65-b04-462 mixed mode):

"Attach Listener" daemon prio=9 tid=7ff64e206800 nid=0x117782000 waiting on condition [00000000]

java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE

"Low Memory Detector" daemon prio=5 tid=7ff64c80f000 nid=0x117c96000 runnable [00000000]

java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE

"C2 CompilerThread1" daemon prio=9 tid=7ff64c80e800 nid=0x117b93000 waiting on condition [00000000]

java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE

"C2 CompilerThread0" daemon prio=9 tid=7ff64c80d800 nid=0x117a90000 waiting on condition [00000000]

java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE

"Signal Dispatcher" daemon prio=9 tid=7ff64c80d000 nid=0x11798d000 runnable [00000000]

java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE

"Surrogate Locker Thread (Concurrent GC)" daemon prio=5 tid=7ff64c80c000 nid=0x11788a000 waiting on condition [00000000]

java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE

"Finalizer" daemon prio=8 tid=7ff64e13d800 nid=0x11767f000 in Object.wait() [11767e000]

java.lang.Thread.State: WAITING (on object monitor)

at java.lang.Object.wait(Native Method)

- waiting on <7f44c0ed0> (a java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue$Lock)

at java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue.remove(ReferenceQueue.java:118)

- locked <7f44c0ed0> (a java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue$Lock)

at java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue.remove(ReferenceQueue.java:134)

at java.lang.ref.Finalizer$FinalizerThread.run(Finalizer.java:171)

"Reference Handler" daemon prio=10 tid=7ff64e13c800 nid=0x11757c000 in Object.wait() [11757b000]

java.lang.Thread.State: WAITING (on object monitor)

at java.lang.Object.wait(Native Method)

- waiting on <7f44c0018> (a java.lang.ref.Reference$Lock)

at java.lang.Object.wait(Object.java:485)

at java.lang.ref.Reference$ReferenceHandler.run(Reference.java:116)

- locked <7f44c0018> (a java.lang.ref.Reference$Lock)

"main" prio=5 tid=7ff64c800800 nid=0x10f709000 runnable [10f708000]

java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE

at test.Test.main(Test.java:7)

"VM Thread" prio=9 tid=7ff64e138000 nid=0x117479000 runnable

"Gang worker#0 (Parallel GC Threads)" prio=9 tid=7ff64e000000 nid=0x112b0f000 runnable

"Gang worker#1 (Parallel GC Threads)" prio=9 tid=7ff64e001000 nid=0x112c12000 runnable

"Gang worker#2 (Parallel GC Threads)" prio=9 tid=7ff64e001800 nid=0x112d15000 runnable

"Gang worker#3 (Parallel GC Threads)" prio=9 tid=7ff64e002000 nid=0x112e18000 runnable

"Gang worker#4 (Parallel GC Threads)" prio=9 tid=7ff64e002800 nid=0x112f1b000 runnable

"Gang worker#5 (Parallel GC Threads)" prio=9 tid=7ff64e003800 nid=0x11301e000 runnable

"Gang worker#6 (Parallel GC Threads)" prio=9 tid=7ff64e004000 nid=0x113121000 runnable

"Gang worker#7 (Parallel GC Threads)" prio=9 tid=7ff64e004800 nid=0x113224000 runnable

"Concurrent Mark-Sweep GC Thread" prio=9 tid=7ff64e0e2000 nid=0x1170f0000 runnable

"Gang worker#0 (Parallel CMS Threads)" prio=9 tid=7ff64e0e0800 nid=0x1166ea000 runnable

"Gang worker#1 (Parallel CMS Threads)" prio=9 tid=7ff64e0e1800 nid=0x1167ed000 runnable

"VM Periodic Task Thread" prio=10 tid=7ff64c820800 nid=0x117d99000 waiting on condition

"Exception Catcher Thread" prio=10 tid=7ff64c801800 nid=0x10f936000 runnable

JNI global references: 963

jinfo，可以打印JVM执行的参数信息，有一个非常大的作用在于，部分JVM参数在执行过程中是可以修改的，请参见这篇《通过jinfo工具在full GC前后做heap dump》，通过jinfo改变参数HeapDumpBeforeFullGC和HeapDumpAfterFullGC，输出heap dump后，再改回来。

jhat，可以比对core文件之间的对象变化，支持对象查询语言(OQL)，请参见这里。

./jhat -stack true -refs true -port 8080 -baseline /xxx/dump-baseline.core -debug 1 /Users/xiongyi/Documents/dump-newer.core

javap，用于反编译class文件，对于JVM指令集，这里有完整的文档。

javap -c -v ./Test.class

Classfile xxx/Test.class

Last modified Nov 11, 2013; size 441 bytes

MD5 checksum 69488187cc8a8f166bc6dd0d517fb4cb

Compiled from "Test.java"

public class test.Test

SourceFile: "Test.java"

minor version: 0

major version: 50

flags: ACC_PUBLIC, ACC_SUPER

Constant pool:

#1 = Methodref          #6.#16         //  java/lang/Object."":()V

#2 = Integer            1048576

#3 = Fieldref           #17.#18        //  java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;

#4 = Methodref          #19.#20        //  java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/Object;)V

#5 = Class              #21            //  test/Test

#6 = Class              #22            //  java/lang/Object

#7 = Utf8

#8 = Utf8               ()V

#9 = Utf8               Code

#10 = Utf8               LineNumberTable

#11 = Utf8               main

#12 = Utf8               ([Ljava/lang/String;)V

#13 = Utf8               StackMapTable

#14 = Utf8               SourceFile

#15 = Utf8               Test.java

#16 = NameAndType        #7:#8          //  "":()V

#17 = Class              #23            //  java/lang/System

#18 = NameAndType        #24:#25        //  out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;

#19 = Class              #26            //  java/io/PrintStream

#20 = NameAndType        #27:#28        //  println:(Ljava/lang/Object;)V

#21 = Utf8               test/Test

#22 = Utf8               java/lang/Object

#23 = Utf8               java/lang/System

#24 = Utf8               out

#25 = Utf8               Ljava/io/PrintStream;

#26 = Utf8               java/io/PrintStream

#27 = Utf8               println

#28 = Utf8               (Ljava/lang/Object;)V

{

public test.Test();

flags: ACC_PUBLIC

Code:

stack=1, locals=1, args_size=1

0: aload_0

1: invokespecial #1                  // Method java/lang/Object."":()V

4: return

LineNumberTable:

line 4: 0

public static void main(java.lang.String[]);

flags: ACC_PUBLIC, ACC_STATIC

Code:

stack=2, locals=2, args_size=1

0: ldc           #2                  // int 1048576

2: newarray       byte

4: astore_1

5: getstatic     #3                  // Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;

8: aload_1

9: invokevirtual #4                  // Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/Object;)V

12: goto          0

LineNumberTable:

line 7: 0

line 8: 5

line 9: 12

StackMapTable: number_of_entries = 1

frame_type = 0 /* same */

}