springcloud 微服务鉴权_微服务权限终极解决方案，Spring Cloud Gateway + Oauth2 实现统一认证和鉴权！...

摘要

最近发现了一个很好的微服务权限解决方案，可以通过认证服务进行统一认证，然后通过网关来统一校验认证和鉴权。此方案为目前最新方案，仅支持Spring Boot 2.2.0、Spring Cloud Hoxton 以上版本，本文将详细介绍该方案的实现，希望对大家有所帮助！

前置知识我们将采用Nacos作为注册中心，Gateway作为网关，使用nimbus-jose-jwtJWT库操作JWT令牌，对这些技术不了解的朋友可以看下下面的文章。

应用架构我们理想的解决方案应该是这样的，认证服务负责认证，网关负责校验认证和鉴权，其他API服务负责处理自己的业务逻辑。安全相关的逻辑只存在于认证服务和网关服务中，其他服务只是单纯地提供服务而没有任何安全相关逻辑。

相关服务划分：micro-oauth2-gateway：网关服务，负责请求转发和鉴权功能，整合Spring Security+Oauth2；

micro-oauth2-auth：Oauth2认证服务，负责对登录用户进行认证，整合Spring Security+Oauth2；

micro-oauth2-api：受保护的API服务，用户鉴权通过后可以访问该服务，不整合Spring Security+Oauth2。

方案实现下面介绍下这套解决方案的具体实现，依次搭建认证服务、网关服务和API服务。

micro-oauth2-auth我们首先来搭建认证服务，它将作为Oauth2的认证服务使用，并且网关服务的鉴权功能也需要依赖它。在pom.xml中添加相关依赖，主要是Spring Security、Oauth2、JWT、Redis相关依赖；

org.springframework.boot

spring-boot-starter-web

org.springframework.boot

spring-boot-starter-security

org.springframework.cloud

spring-cloud-starter-oauth2

com.nimbusds

nimbus-jose-jwt

8.16

org.springframework.boot

spring-boot-starter-data-redis

在application.yml中添加相关配置，主要是Nacos和Redis相关配置；server:

port: 9401

spring:

profiles:

active: dev

application:

name: micro-oauth2-auth

cloud:

nacos:

discovery:

server-addr: localhost:8848

jackson:

date-format: yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss

redis:

database: 0

port: 6379

host: localhost

password:

management:

endpoints:

web:

exposure:

include: "*"使用keytool生成RSA证书jwt.jks，复制到resource目录下，在JDK的bin目录下使用如下命令即可；keytool -genkey -alias jwt -keyalg RSA -keystore jwt.jks创建UserServiceImpl类实现Spring Security的UserDetailsService接口，用于加载用户信息；/**

* 用户管理业务类

* Created by macro on 2020/6/19.

*/

@Service

public class UserServiceImpl implements UserDetailsService {

private List userList;

@Autowired

private PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder;

@PostConstruct

public void initData() {

String password = passwordEncoder.encode("123456");

userList = new ArrayList<>();

userList.add(new UserDTO(1L,"macro", password,1, CollUtil.toList("ADMIN")));

userList.add(new UserDTO(2L,"andy", password,1, CollUtil.toList("TEST")));

}

@Override

public UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String username) throws UsernameNotFoundException {

List findUserList = userList.stream().filter(item -> item.getUsername().equals(username)).collect(Collectors.toList());

if (CollUtil.isEmpty(findUserList)) {

throw new UsernameNotFoundException(MessageConstant.USERNAME_PASSWORD_ERROR);

}

SecurityUser securityUser = new SecurityUser(findUserList.get(0));

if (!securityUser.isEnabled()) {

throw new DisabledException(MessageConstant.ACCOUNT_DISABLED);

} else if (!securityUser.isAccountNonLocked()) {

throw new LockedException(MessageConstant.ACCOUNT_LOCKED);

} else if (!securityUser.isAccountNonExpired()) {

throw new AccountExpiredException(MessageConstant.ACCOUNT_EXPIRED);

} else if (!securityUser.isCredentialsNonExpired()) {

throw new CredentialsExpiredException(MessageConstant.CREDENTIALS_EXPIRED);

}

return securityUser;

}

}添加认证服务相关配置Oauth2ServerConfig，需要配置加载用户信息的服务UserServiceImpl及RSA的钥匙对KeyPair；/**

* 认证服务器配置

* Created by macro on 2020/6/19.

*/

@AllArgsConstructor

@Configuration

@EnableAuthorizationServer

public class Oauth2ServerConfig extends AuthorizationServerConfigurerAdapter {

private final PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder;

private final UserServiceImpl userDetailsService;

private final AuthenticationManager authenticationManager;

private final JwtTokenEnhancer jwtTokenEnhancer;

@Override

public void configure(ClientDetailsServiceConfigurer clients) throws Exception {

clients.inMemory()

.withClient("client-app")

.secret(passwordEncoder.encode("123456"))

.scopes("all")

.authorizedGrantTypes("password", "refresh_token")

.accessTokenValiditySeconds(3600)

.refreshTokenValiditySeconds(86400);

}

@Override

public void configure(AuthorizationServerEndpointsConfigurer endpoints) throws Exception {

TokenEnhancerChain enhancerChain = new TokenEnhancerChain();

List delegates = new ArrayList<>();

delegates.add(jwtTokenEnhancer);

delegates.add(accessTokenConverter());

enhancerChain.setTokenEnhancers(delegates); //配置JWT的内容增强器

endpoints.authenticationManager(authenticationManager)

.userDetailsService(userDetailsService) //配置加载用户信息的服务

.accessTokenConverter(accessTokenConverter())

.tokenEnhancer(enhancerChain);

}

@Override

public void configure(AuthorizationServerSecurityConfigurer security) throws Exception {

security.allowFormAuthenticationForClients();

}

@Bean

public JwtAccessTokenConverter accessTokenConverter() {

JwtAccessTokenConverter jwtAccessTokenConverter = new JwtAccessTokenConverter();

jwtAccessTokenConverter.setKeyPair(keyPair());

return jwtAccessTokenConverter;

}

@Bean

public KeyPair keyPair() {

//从classpath下的证书中获取秘钥对

KeyStoreKeyFactory keyStoreKeyFactory = new KeyStoreKeyFactory(new ClassPathResource("jwt.jks"), "123456".toCharArray());

return keyStoreKeyFactory.getKeyPair("jwt", "123456".toCharArray());

}

}如果你想往JWT中添加自定义信息的话，比如说登录用户的ID，可以自己实现TokenEnhancer接口；/**

* JWT内容增强器

* Created by macro on 2020/6/19.

*/

@Component

public class JwtTokenEnhancer implements TokenEnhancer {

@Override

public OAuth2AccessToken enhance(OAuth2AccessToken accessToken, OAuth2Authentication authentication) {

SecurityUser securityUser = (SecurityUser) authentication.getPrincipal();

Map info = new HashMap<>();

//把用户ID设置到JWT中

info.put("id", securityUser.getId());

((DefaultOAuth2AccessToken) accessToken).setAdditionalInformation(info);

return accessToken;

}

}由于我们的网关服务需要RSA的公钥来验证签名是否合法，所以认证服务需要有个接口把公钥暴露出来；/**

* 获取RSA公钥接口

* Created by macro on 2020/6/19.

*/

@RestController

public class KeyPairController {

@Autowired

private KeyPair keyPair;

@GetMapping("/rsa/publicKey")

public Map getKey() {

RSAPublicKey publicKey = (RSAPublicKey) keyPair.getPublic();

RSAKey key = new RSAKey.Builder(publicKey).build();

return new JWKSet(key).toJSONObject();

}

}不要忘了还需要配置Spring Security，允许获取公钥接口的访问；/**

* SpringSecurity配置

* Created by macro on 2020/6/19.

*/

@Configuration

@EnableWebSecurity

public class WebSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {

@Override

protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {

http.authorizeRequests()

.requestMatchers(EndpointRequest.toAnyEndpoint()).permitAll()

.antMatchers("/rsa/publicKey").permitAll()

.anyRequest().authenticated();

}

@Bean

@Override

public AuthenticationManager authenticationManagerBean() throws Exception {

return super.authenticationManagerBean();

}

@Bean

public PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {

return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();

}

}创建一个资源服务ResourceServiceImpl，初始化的时候把资源与角色匹配关系缓存到Redis中，方便网关服务进行鉴权的时候获取。/**

* 资源与角色匹配关系管理业务类

* Created by macro on 2020/6/19.

*/

@Service

public class ResourceServiceImpl {

private Map> resourceRolesMap;

@Autowired

private RedisTemplate redisTemplate;

@PostConstruct

public void initData() {

resourceRolesMap = new TreeMap<>();

resourceRolesMap.put("/api/hello", CollUtil.toList("ADMIN"));

resourceRolesMap.put("/api/user/currentUser", CollUtil.toList("ADMIN", "TEST"));

redisTemplate.opsForHash().putAll(RedisConstant.RESOURCE_ROLES_MAP, resourceRolesMap);

}

}

micro-oauth2-gateway接下来我们就可以搭建网关服务了，它将作为Oauth2的资源服务、客户端服务使用，对访问微服务的请求进行统一的校验认证和鉴权操作。在pom.xml中添加相关依赖，主要是Gateway、Oauth2和JWT相关依赖；

org.springframework.boot

spring-boot-starter-webflux

org.springframework.cloud

spring-cloud-starter-gateway

org.springframework.security

spring-security-config

org.springframework.security

spring-security-oauth2-resource-server

org.springframework.security

spring-security-oauth2-client

org.springframework.security

spring-security-oauth2-jose

com.nimbusds

nimbus-jose-jwt

8.16

在application.yml中添加相关配置，主要是路由规则的配置、Oauth2中RSA公钥的配置及路由白名单的配置；server:

port: 9201

spring:

profiles:

active: dev

application:

name: micro-oauth2-gateway

cloud:

nacos:

discovery:

server-addr: localhost:8848

gateway:

routes: #配置路由规则

- id: oauth2-api-route

uri: lb://micro-oauth2-api

predicates:

- Path=/api/**

filters:

- StripPrefix=1

- id: oauth2-auth-route

uri: lb://micro-oauth2-auth

predicates:

- Path=/auth/**

filters:

- StripPrefix=1

discovery:

locator:

enabled: true #开启从注册中心动态创建路由的功能

lower-case-service-id: true #使用小写服务名，默认是大写

security:

oauth2:

resourceserver:

jwt:

jwk-set-uri: 'http://localhost:9401/rsa/publicKey' #配置RSA的公钥访问地址

redis:

database: 0

port: 6379

host: localhost

password:

secure:

ignore:

urls: #配置白名单路径

- "/actuator/**"

- "/auth/oauth/token"对网关服务进行配置安全配置，由于Gateway使用的是WebFlux，所以需要使用@EnableWebFluxSecurity注解开启；/**

* 资源服务器配置

* Created by macro on 2020/6/19.

*/

@AllArgsConstructor

@Configuration

@EnableWebFluxSecurity

public class ResourceServerConfig {

private final AuthorizationManager authorizationManager;

private final IgnoreUrlsConfig ignoreUrlsConfig;

private final RestfulAccessDeniedHandler restfulAccessDeniedHandler;

private final RestAuthenticationEntryPoint restAuthenticationEntryPoint;

@Bean

public SecurityWebFilterChain springSecurityFilterChain(ServerHttpSecurity http) {

http.oauth2ResourceServer().jwt()

.jwtAuthenticationConverter(jwtAuthenticationConverter());

http.authorizeExchange()

.pathMatchers(ArrayUtil.toArray(ignoreUrlsConfig.getUrls(),String.class)).permitAll()//白名单配置

.anyExchange().access(authorizationManager)//鉴权管理器配置

.and().exceptionHandling()

.accessDeniedHandler(restfulAccessDeniedHandler)//处理未授权

.authenticationEntryPoint(restAuthenticationEntryPoint)//处理未认证

.and().csrf().disable();

return http.build();

}

@Bean

public Converter> jwtAuthenticationConverter() {

JwtGrantedAuthoritiesConverter jwtGrantedAuthoritiesConverter = new JwtGrantedAuthoritiesConverter();

jwtGrantedAuthoritiesConverter.setAuthorityPrefix(AuthConstant.AUTHORITY_PREFIX);

jwtGrantedAuthoritiesConverter.setAuthoritiesClaimName(AuthConstant.AUTHORITY_CLAIM_NAME);

JwtAuthenticationConverter jwtAuthenticationConverter = new JwtAuthenticationConverter();

jwtAuthenticationConverter.setJwtGrantedAuthoritiesConverter(jwtGrantedAuthoritiesConverter);

return new ReactiveJwtAuthenticationConverterAdapter(jwtAuthenticationConverter);

}

}在WebFluxSecurity中自定义鉴权操作需要实现ReactiveAuthorizationManager接口；/**

* 鉴权管理器，用于判断是否有资源的访问权限

* Created by macro on 2020/6/19.

*/

@Component

public class AuthorizationManager implements ReactiveAuthorizationManager {

@Autowired

private RedisTemplate redisTemplate;

@Override

public Mono check(Mono mono, AuthorizationContext authorizationContext) {

//从Redis中获取当前路径可访问角色列表

URI uri = authorizationContext.getExchange().getRequest().getURI();

Object obj = redisTemplate.opsForHash().get(RedisConstant.RESOURCE_ROLES_MAP, uri.getPath());

List authorities = Convert.toList(String.class,obj);

authorities = authorities.stream().map(i -> i = AuthConstant.AUTHORITY_PREFIX + i).collect(Collectors.toList());

//认证通过且角色匹配的用户可访问当前路径

return mono

.filter(Authentication::isAuthenticated)

.flatMapIterable(Authentication::getAuthorities)

.map(GrantedAuthority::getAuthority)

.any(authorities::contains)

.map(AuthorizationDecision::new)

.defaultIfEmpty(new AuthorizationDecision(false));

}

}这里我们还需要实现一个全局过滤器AuthGlobalFilter，当鉴权通过后将JWT令牌中的用户信息解析出来，然后存入请求的Header中，这样后续服务就不需要解析JWT令牌了，可以直接从请求的Header中获取到用户信息。/**

* 将登录用户的JWT转化成用户信息的全局过滤器

* Created by macro on 2020/6/17.

*/

@Component

public class AuthGlobalFilter implements GlobalFilter, Ordered {

private static Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(AuthGlobalFilter.class);

@Override

public Mono filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {

String token = exchange.getRequest().getHeaders().getFirst("Authorization");

if (StrUtil.isEmpty(token)) {

return chain.filter(exchange);

}

try {

//从token中解析用户信息并设置到Header中去

String realToken = token.replace("Bearer ", "");

JWSObject jwsObject = JWSObject.parse(realToken);

String userStr = jwsObject.getPayload().toString();

LOGGER.info("AuthGlobalFilter.filter() user:{}",userStr);

ServerHttpRequest request = exchange.getRequest().mutate().header("user", userStr).build();

exchange = exchange.mutate().request(request).build();

} catch (ParseException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

return chain.filter(exchange);

}

@Override

public int getOrder() {

return 0;

}

}

micro-oauth2-api最后我们搭建一个API服务，它不会集成和实现任何安全相关逻辑，全靠网关来保护它。在pom.xml中添加相关依赖，就添加了一个web依赖；

org.springframework.boot

spring-boot-starter-web

在application.yml添加相关配置，很常规的配置；server:

port: 9501

spring:

profiles:

active: dev

application:

name: micro-oauth2-api

cloud:

nacos:

discovery:

server-addr: localhost:8848

management:

endpoints:

web:

exposure:

include: "*"创建一个测试接口，网关验证通过即可访问；/**

* 测试接口

* Created by macro on 2020/6/19.

*/

@RestController

public class HelloController {

@GetMapping("/hello")

public String hello() {

return "Hello World.";

}

}创建一个LoginUserHolder组件，用于从请求的Header中直接获取登录用户信息；/**

* 获取登录用户信息

* Created by macro on 2020/6/17.

*/

@Component

public class LoginUserHolder {

public UserDTO getCurrentUser(){

//从Header中获取用户信息

ServletRequestAttributes servletRequestAttributes = (ServletRequestAttributes) RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes();

HttpServletRequest request = servletRequestAttributes.getRequest();

String userStr = request.getHeader("user");

JSONObject userJsonObject = new JSONObject(userStr);

UserDTO userDTO = new UserDTO();

userDTO.setUsername(userJsonObject.getStr("user_name"));

userDTO.setId(Convert.toLong(userJsonObject.get("id")));

userDTO.setRoles(Convert.toList(String.class,userJsonObject.get("authorities")));

return userDTO;

}

}创建一个获取当前用户信息的接口。/**

* 获取登录用户信息接口

* Created by macro on 2020/6/19.

*/

@RestController

@RequestMapping("/user")

public class UserController{

@Autowired

private LoginUserHolder loginUserHolder;

@GetMapping("/currentUser")

public UserDTO currentUser() {

return loginUserHolder.getCurrentUser();

}

}

功能演示接下来我们来演示下微服务系统中的统一认证鉴权功能，所有请求均通过网关访问。在此之前先启动我们的Nacos和Redis服务，然后依次启动micro-oauth2-auth、micro-oauth2-gateway及micro-oauth2-api服务；

使用密码模式获取JWT令牌，访问地址：http://localhost:9201/auth/oauth/token

使用获取到的JWT令牌访问需要权限的接口，访问地址：http://localhost:9201/api/hello

使用获取到的JWT令牌访问获取当前登录用户信息的接口，访问地址：http://localhost:9201/api/user/currentUser

当JWT令牌过期时，使用refresh_token获取新的JWT令牌，访问地址：http://localhost:9201/auth/oauth/token

使用没有访问权限的andy账号登录，访问接口时会返回如下信息，访问地址：http://localhost:9201/api/hello

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