python实践编程_Python编程入门到实践（一）

整理自《python编程从入门到实践》

1.安装文本编辑器Geany

首先确保已经安装了gcc与g++(一般的Linux都会有内置的)：

sudo apt-get install gcc

sudo apt-get install g++

接下来就是安装Geany：

sudo apt-get install geany

配置geany使用python3编译:build->set build commands:

2.list简介

motorcycles=['honda','yamaha','suzuki']print(motorcycles)

motorcycles.append('ducati')#添加

print(motorcycles)del motorcycles[0]#删除

print(motorcycles)

motorcycles.insert(0,'yamaha')#添加

print(motorcycles)

first_word=motorcycles.pop(0)#删除

print(first_word)print(motorcycles)

motorcycles.remove('suzuki')#删除

print(motorcycles)print(len(motorcycles))#长度

cars=['bmw','audi','toyota','subaru']print(cars)print(sorted(cars))#临时排序

print(cars)

cars.sort()#正排序

print(cars)

cars.sort(reverse=True)#倒排序

print(cars)

cars.reverse()print(cars)

运行结果：

['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']

['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki', 'ducati']

['yamaha', 'suzuki', 'ducati']

['yamaha', 'yamaha', 'suzuki', 'ducati']

yamaha

['yamaha', 'suzuki', 'ducati']

['yamaha', 'ducati']

2

['bmw', 'audi', 'toyota', 'subaru']

['audi', 'bmw', 'subaru', 'toyota']

['bmw', 'audi', 'toyota', 'subaru']

['audi', 'bmw', 'subaru', 'toyota']

['toyota', 'subaru', 'bmw', 'audi']

3.list operation

magicians=['alice','david','carolina']for magician inmagicians:print(magician.title()+",that was a great trick!")#create numerical list

numbers=list(range(1,6))

even_numbers=list(range(2,11,2))print(numbers)print(even_numbers)#以下两种方法结果相同

squares=[]for value in range(1,11):

square=value**2squares.append(square)print(squares)

squares_1=[value**2 for value in range(1,11)]print(squares)print(min(squares))print(max(squares))print(sum(squares))

players=['a','b','c','d','e']print(players)print(players[-3:])#最后三个#使用切片可复制列表

players_new=players[:]#简单的复制会使两个变量指向同一个列表

players_new1=players

players.append('f')print(players_new)print(players_new1)#不可变的列表被称为元组，但可重新定义

dimensions=(200,50)for dimension indimensions:print(dimension)

dimensions=(400,100)for dimension indimensions:print(dimension)

运行结果：

Alice,that was a great trick!

David,that was a great trick!

Carolina,that was a great trick!

[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

[2, 4, 6, 8, 10]

[1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100]

[1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100]

1

100

385

['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e']

['c', 'd', 'e']

['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e']

['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f']

200

50

400

100

4.if语句

由于没什么特别的，这部分放的示例很少：

#if-elif-else结构

age=12

if age<14:

price=0elif age<18:

price=5

else:

price=10

print("Your admission cost is $"+str(price)+".")#循环操作列表时要判断列表是否为空

requested_toppings=[]ifrequested_toppings:for requested_topping inrequested_toppings:

do somethingelse:

do something

运行结果：

Your admission cost is $0.

5.字典

alien_0={}#创建

alien_0['color']='green'#添加

alien_0['points']=5

print(alien_0)

alien_0['color']='yellow'#修改

print(alien_0)del alien_0['points']#删除

print(alien_0)

{'points': 5, 'color': 'green'}

{'points': 5, 'color': 'yellow'}

{'color': 'yellow'}

遍历所有键值对：

user_0={'username':'efermi','first':'enrico','last':'fermi',

}for key,value inuser_0.items():print("\nkey:"+key)print("value:"+value)

key:username

value:efermi

key:first

value:enrico

key:last

value:fermi

遍历所有键：

favorite_languages={'jen':'python','sarah':'c','edward':'ruby','phil':'python',

}

friends=['phil','sarah']for name infavorite_languages.keys():print(name.title())if name infriends:print("Hi"+name.title() +

", I see your favorite language is" +favorite_languages[name].title()+ "!")

Edward

Phil

Hi Phil, I see your favorite language is Python!

Jen

Sarah

Hi Sarah, I see your favorite language is C!

对包含重复元素的列表可以调用set()，要对列表进行排序可以使用函数sorted()，以下例为例：

遍历字典中的所有值：

favorite_languages={'jen':'python','sarah':'c','edward':'ruby','phil':'python',

}print("The following languges have been mentioned:")for language inset(favorite_languages.values()):print(language.title())

The following languges have been mentioned:

Ruby

Python

C

字典嵌套：

users={'aeinstein':{'first':'albert','last':'einstein','location':'princeton',

},'mcurie':{'first':'marie','last':'curie','location':'paris',

},

}for username,user_info inusers.items():print("\nUsername:"+username)

full_name=user_info['first']+" "+user_info['last']

location=user_info['location']print("\tFull name:"+full_name.title())print("\tLocation:"+location.title())

Username: mcurie

Full name: Marie Curie

Location: Paris

Username: aeinstein

Full name: Albert Einstein

Location: Princeton