linux进程内存和jvm内存,为什么JVM报告的内存比linux进程驻留集大小更多？

我在jdk 1.8.0_45上的应用程序显示：

Native Memory Tracking:

Total: reserved=4023326KB, committed=2762382KB

- Java Heap (reserved=1331200KB, committed=1331200KB)

(mmap: reserved=1331200KB, committed=1331200KB)

- Class (reserved=1108143KB, committed=64559KB)

(classes #8621)

(malloc=6319KB #17371)

(mmap: reserved=1101824KB, committed=58240KB)

- Thread (reserved=1190668KB, committed=1190668KB)

(thread #1154)

(stack: reserved=1185284KB, committed=1185284KB)

(malloc=3809KB #5771)

(arena=1575KB #2306)

- Code (reserved=255744KB, committed=38384KB)

(malloc=6144KB #8858)

(mmap: reserved=249600KB, committed=32240KB)

- GC (reserved=54995KB, committed=54995KB)

(malloc=5775KB #217)

(mmap: reserved=49220KB, committed=49220KB)

- Compiler (reserved=267KB, committed=267KB)

(malloc=137KB #333)

(arena=131KB #3)

- Internal (reserved=65106KB, committed=65106KB)

(malloc=65074KB #29652)

(mmap: reserved=32KB, committed=32KB)

- Symbol (reserved=13622KB, committed=13622KB)

(malloc=12016KB #128199)

(arena=1606KB #1)

- Native Memory Tracking (reserved=3361KB, committed=3361KB)

(malloc=287KB #3994)

(tracking overhead=3075KB)

- Arena Chunk (reserved=220KB, committed=220KB)

(malloc=220KB)

这显示了2.7GB的已提交内存，包括1.3GB的已分配堆和近1.2GB的已分配线程堆栈(使用多个线程)。

但是，当运行ps ax -o pid,rss | grep 或top时，它只显示1.6GB的RES/rss驻留内存。检查交换说没有使用：

free -m

total used free shared buffers cached

Mem: 129180 99348 29831 0 2689 73024

-/+ buffers/cache: 23633 105546

Swap: 15624 0 15624

当只有1.6GB的驻留时，为什么JVM表示提交了2.7GB的内存？其余的去哪儿了？