mysql安装到linux上_mysql在linux上的安装

前提：

环境：workstation 11 + CentOS 7 + mysql-5.6.40

安装前先查看服务器里是否有老版本的mysql已经被安装了

rpm -qa|grep mysql

如果有就删除掉旧版本的mysql即可

rpm -e (上面那条命令得到的信息，即mysql软件包名) --nodeps

正式安装：

1.上传安装包到/usr/local/目录下，解压缩，重命名，配置环境变量

[root@hadoop ~]# cd /usr/local/

[root@hadoop local]# tar xzvf mysql-5.6.40-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

[root@hadoop local]# mv mysql-5.6.40-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql

[root@hadoop ~]# vi /etc/profile

添加变量：export MYSQL_HOME=/usr/local/mysql

在PATH后面添加 :$MYSQL_HOME/bin

[root@hadoop ~]# source /etc/profile

2.创建目录，添加用户组和用户

[root@hadoop local]# mkdir -p /data/mysql_data

[root@hadoop local]# mkdir -p /data/mysql_log

[root@hadoop local]# mkdir -p /data/log-bin

[root@hadoop local]# groupadd mysql

[root@hadoop local]# useradd -g mysql mysql

[root@hadoop local]# chown -R mysql.mysql /data/mysql_data /data/mysql_log/ /data/log-bin/

[root@hadoop local]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql

3.配置my.cnf文件。根据自己需求填写，以下只是一个大概的例子

[root@hadoop local]# vi /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]

# GENERAL #

user=mysql

#default-storage-engine =INNODBdefault-storage-engine =MyISAM

socket=/data/mysql_data/mysql.sock

pid-file=/data/mysql_data/mysql.pid

port= 3306# MyISAM #

key_buffer_size=1000M

myisam-recover-options =FORCE,BACKUP

# SAFETY #

max_allowed_packet=16M

max_connect_errors= 1000000skip_name_resolve

# DATA STORAGE #

datadir= /data/mysql_data/long_query_time= 1# BINARY LOGGING #

binlog_format=ROW

log-bin = /data/log-bin/mysql-bin-3306expire_logs_days=14sync_binlog= 1server-id = 1max_binlog_size=500M

# REPLICATION #

relay-log = /data/log-bin/relay-bin-3306slave-net-timeout = 60# CACHES AND LIMITS #

tmp_table_size=32M

max_heap_table_size=32M

max_connections=500thread_cache_size= 50open_files_limit=65535table_definition_cache= 4096table_open_cache= 4096# INNODB #

innodb_data_file_path=ibdatal:128M;ibdata2:10M:autoextend

innodb_flush_method=O_DIRECT

innodb_log_files_in_group= 2innodb_lock_wait_timeout= 50innodb_log_file_size=256M

innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit= 1innodb_file_per_table= 1innodb_thread_concurrency= 8innodb_buffer_pool_size=8G

# LOGGING #

log-error = /data/mysql_log/mysql-error-3306.log

log-queries-not-using-indexes = 1slow-query-log = 1long_query_time= 1slow_query_log_file= /data/mysql_log/mysql-slow-3306.log

# FOR SLAVE #

#log-slave-updates = true#gtib-mode =on

#enforce-gtib-consistency = true#master-info-repository =TABLE

#relay-log-info-repository =TABLE

#sync-master-info = 1#slave-parallel-workers = 2#binlog-checksum =CRC32

#master-verify-checksum = 1#slave-sql-verify-checksum = 1#binlog-rows-query-log-events = 1#report-port = 3306#report-host = 192.168.42.133

my.cnf

4.配置系统服务

[root@hadoop local]# cp -af /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

[root@hadoop local]# vi /etc/init.d/mysqld

#修改两个变量，分别在46行和47行，set nu显示编辑文件行数

basedir=/usr/local/mysql

datadir=/data/mysql_data

[root@hadoop local]# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld

[root@hadoop local]# chkconfig --add mysqld

[root@hadoop local]# chkconfig --level 345 mysqld on

5.初始化数据库

[root@hadoop mysql]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf

6.启动数据库

[root@hadoop ~]# service mysqld start

7.执行mysql命令报错并解决

[root@hadoop ~]# mysql

ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/tmp/mysql.sock' (2)

解决方法：执行软链接

[root@hadoop ~]# ln -s /data/mysql_data/mysql.sock /tmp/mysql.sock

[root@hadoop ~]# mysql #再次查看，成功登录mysql

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection idis 1Server version:5.6.40-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c)2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracleis a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Type'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c'to clear the current input statement.

mysql>exit

Bye

[root@hadoop~]#

再次执行mysql查看，成功登录mysql

8.修改root用户密码，增加mysql的安全性

mysqladmin -u root password 'root' #设置密码后再执行mysql就无法登录mysql了

mysql -uroot -proot #登录mysql需要输入密码

mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'root' WITH GRANT OPTION; #允许root用户远程访问

mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES; #刷新权限

mysql> exit

[root@hadoop ~]# mysqladmin -u root password 'root'#设置密码

Warning: Using a password on the command lineinterfacecan be insecure.

[root@hadoop~]# mysql #无法登录

ERROR1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (usingpassword: NO)

[root@hadoop~]# mysql -uroot -p #这样登录

Enter password:

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection idis 4Server version:5.6.40-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c)2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracleis a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Type'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c'to clear the current input statement.

mysql>exit

Bye

[root@hadoop~]# mysql -uroot -proot #或者这样登录

Warning: Using a password on the command lineinterfacecan be insecure.

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection idis 5Server version:5.6.40-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c)2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracleis a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Type'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c'to clear the current input statement.

mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'root'WITH GRANT OPTION; #远程访问

Query OK,0 rows affected (0.03sec)

mysql>FLUSH PRIVILEGES; #刷新权限

Query OK,0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

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9.删除匿名账户。因为mysql数据库安装完之后自带一个匿名账户，这非常容易增加数据库受到安全攻击的风险。

mysql> update mysql.user set password=PASSWORD('your password') where user='';

mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

mysql> update mysql.user set password=PASSWORD('your password') where user='';

Query OK,2 rows affected (0.05sec)

Rows matched:2 Changed: 2 Warnings: 0mysql>FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

Query OK,0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

View Code

至此，我们的mysql就算安装完成了。

10.测试mysql是否可以远程登录。

由于HIVE有可能是调用远程的mysql进行元数据处理，我们需要测试一下是否可以远程登录mysql，为以后做准备。

如果你Windows本地装过mysql的话，直接cmd进入命令行，输入mysql -h 192.168.42.133 -uroot -proot，查看是否能登录。(我可以登录)

C:\Users\Administrator>mysql -h 192.168.42.133 -uroot -proot

mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command lineinterfacecan be insecure.

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection idis 8Server version:5.6.40-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c)2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracleis a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Type'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c'to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

View Code

如果你Windows本地没有安装过mysql的话，可以安装workbench，这个软件可以远程登录mysql进行管理和开发。

点击 Test Connection，显示连接成功，如下图

然后点击ok-->ok，可建立远程连接。