mysql 内存表 限制_MySQL内存表的弊端

MySQL内存表使我们经常会用到的，但是 MySQL内存表的也不是提高读性能的万能工具，在有些情况下，MySQL内存表可能会比其实表类型的B-TREE更慢  。

CREATE TABLE `mem_test` (

`id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,

`name` varchar(10) DEFAULT NULL,

`first` varchar(10) DEFAULT NULL,

PRIMARY KEY (`id`),

KEY `NewIndex1` (`name`,`first`)

) ENGINE=MEMORY ;

CREATE TABLE `innodb_test` (

`id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,

`name` varchar(10) DEFAULT NULL,

`first` varchar(10) DEFAULT NULL,

PRIMARY KEY (`id`),

KEY `NewIndex1` (`name`,`first`)

) ENGINE=InnoDB;

如：

1：在= 或者<=> 情况下，飞快，但是在如< 或>情况下，他是不使用索引

mysql--root@localhost:17db 07:33:45>>explain select * from mem_test where id>3;

+----+-------------+----------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------------+

| id | select_type | table    | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra       |

+----+-------------+----------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------------+

| 1 | SIMPLE      | mem_test | ALL | PRIMARY       | NULL | NULL    | NULL |   15 | Using where |

+----+-------------+----------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql--root@localhost:17db 07:33:49>>explain select * from innodb_test where id>3;

+----+-------------+-------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+-------------+

| id | select_type | table       | type | possible_keys | key     | key_len | ref | rows | Extra       |

+----+-------------+-------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+-------------+

| 1 | SIMPLE      | innodb_test | range | PRIMARY       | PRIMARY | 4       | NULL |    7 | Using where |

+----+-------------+-------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+-------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

2：不能用在order by情况下来提高速度

mysql--root@localhost:17db 07:33:55>>explain select * from innodb_test order by id;

+----+-------------+-------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+-------+

| id | select_type | table       | type | possible_keys | key     | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |

+----+-------------+-------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+-------+

| 1 | SIMPLE      | innodb_test | index | NULL          | PRIMARY | 4       | NULL |   15 |       |

+----+-------------+-------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+-------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql--root@localhost:17db 07:34:27>>explain select * from mem_test order by id;

+----+-------------+----------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------------+

| id | select_type | table    | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra          |

+----+-------------+----------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------------+

| 1 | SIMPLE      | mem_test | ALL | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL |   15 | Using filesort |

+----+-------------+----------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

3：不能确定俩值之间有多少行

mysql--root@localhost:17db 07:37:14>>explain select count(1) from mem_test where id>3 and id<6;

+----+-------------+----------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------------+

| id | select_type | table    | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra       |

+----+-------------+----------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------------+

| 1 | SIMPLE      | mem_test | ALL | PRIMARY       | NULL | NULL    | NULL |   20 | Using where |

+----+-------------+----------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql--root@localhost:17db 07:40:35>>explain select count(1) from innodb_test where id>3 and id<6;

+----+-------------+-------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+--------------------------+

| id | select_type | table       | type | possible_keys | key     | key_len | ref | rows | Extra                    |

+----+-------------+-------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+--------------------------+

| 1 | SIMPLE      | innodb_test | range | PRIMARY       | PRIMARY | 4       | NULL |    1 | Using where; Using index |

+----+-------------+-------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+--------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

4：在多列索引的情况下，只有全部指定才能利用hash扫描，而B-tree确可以利用索引的最左端来查找

mysql--root@localhost:17db 07:37:07>>explain select * from innodb_test where name=b;

+----+-------------+-------------+------+---------------+-----------+---------+-------+------+--------------------------+

| id | select_type | table       | type | possible_keys | key       | key_len | ref   | rows | Extra                    |

+----+-------------+-------------+------+---------------+-----------+---------+-------+------+--------------------------+

| 1 | SIMPLE      | innodb_test | ref | NewIndex1     | NewIndex1 | 33      | const |    8 | Using where; Using index |

+----+-------------+-------------+------+---------------+-----------+---------+-------+------+--------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql--root@localhost:17db 07:37:10>>explain select * from mem_test where name=b;

+----+-------------+----------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------------+

| id | select_type | table    | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra       |

+----+-------------+----------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------------+

| 1 | SIMPLE      | mem_test | ALL | NewIndex1     | NULL | NULL    | NULL |   20 | Using where |

+----+-------------+----------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------------+

当然内存表也可以手动添加btree

CREATE INDEX BTREE_index USING BTREE on mem_test(name,first)

mysql--root@localhost:17db 03:36:41>>explain select * from mem_test where name=b;

+----+-------------+----------+------+-----------------------+-------------+---------+-------+------+-------------+

| id | select_type | table    | type | possible_keys         | key         | key_len | ref   | rows | Extra       |

+----+-------------+----------+------+-----------------------+-------------+---------+-------+------+-------------+

| 1 | SIMPLE      | mem_test | ref | NewIndex1,BTREE_index | BTREE_index | 33      | const |    9 | Using where |

+----+-------------+----------+------+-----------------------+-------------+---------+-------+------+-------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

哈哈，它也用到索引了  。

所以要选择合适的存储引擎至关重要  。