非对称性密钥加密 java 实例_JAVA实现非对称加密

高级加密算法

双保险

公钥、私钥

DH(Diffie-Hellman)密钥交换算法

RSA - 基于因子分解

ElGamal - 基于离散对数

ECC(Elliptical Curve Cryptography)- 椭圆曲线加密

非对称加密算法 - DH(密钥交换)

对称加密带来的困扰

数据安全

密钥管理复杂

密钥传递过程复杂

构建本地密钥

对称

密钥长度

默认

工作模式

填充方式

实现方

512~1024(64倍数)

1024

无

无

JDK

初始化发送方密钥

KeyPairGenerator：得到 KeyPair 对象

KeyPair：密钥载体(密钥对)，包括两个信息：公钥、私钥。

PublicKey：公钥

初始化接收方密钥

KeyFactory：密钥工厂(既可生成公钥，也可生成私钥)，通过某种密钥规范还原密钥

X509EncodedKeySpec：根据 ASN.1 标准进行密钥编码；返回的是按照X.509规范进行编码的密钥字节

DHPublicKey：PublicKey的具体形式

DHParameterSpec：随同DH算法的参数集合

KeyPairGenerator

PrivateKey：私钥

密钥构建

KeyAgreement：提供密钥一致性(或密钥交换)协议的功能。

SecretKey：秘密密钥(对称密钥)，生成一个分组的秘密密钥，也提供一些类型安全的操作

KeyFactory

X509EncodedKeySpec

PrivateKey

加密、解密

Cipher：为加密和解密提供密码功能的类；它是GCE框架的核心内容。

import java.security.KeyFactory;

import java.security.KeyPair;

import java.security.KeyPairGenerator;

import java.security.PrivateKey;

import java.security.PublicKey;

import java.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec;

import javax.crypto.Cipher;

import javax.crypto.KeyAgreement;

import javax.crypto.SecretKey;

import javax.crypto.interfaces.DHPublicKey;

import javax.crypto.spec.DHParameterSpec;

import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64;

import com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.utils.Objects;

public class DHTest{

public static final String src = "dh test";

public static void main(String[] args) {

jdkDH();

}

// jdk实现：

public static void jdkDH(){

try {

// 1.初始化发送方密钥

KeyPairGenerator senderKeyPairGenerator = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("DH");

senderKeyPairGenerator.initialize(512);

KeyPair senderKeyPair = senderKeyPairGenerator.generateKeyPair();

// 发送方公钥，发送给接收方(网络、文件。。。)

byte[] senderPublicKeyEnc = senderKeyPair.getPublic().getEncoded();

// 2.初始化接收方密钥

KeyFactory receiverKeyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance("DH");

X509EncodedKeySpec x509EncodedKeySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(senderPublicKeyEnc);

PublicKey receiverPublicKey = receiverKeyFactory.generatePublic(x509EncodedKeySpec);

DHParameterSpec dhParameterSpec = ((DHPublicKey) receiverPublicKey).getParams();

KeyPairGenerator receiverKeyPairGenerator = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("DH");

receiverKeyPairGenerator.initialize(dhParameterSpec);

KeyPair receiverKeypair = receiverKeyPairGenerator.generateKeyPair();

PrivateKey receiverPrivateKey = receiverKeypair.getPrivate();

byte[] receiverPublicKeyEnc = receiverKeypair.getPublic().getEncoded();

// 3.密钥构建

KeyAgreement receiverKeyAgreement = KeyAgreement.getInstance("DH");

receiverKeyAgreement.init(receiverPrivateKey);

receiverKeyAgreement.doPhase(receiverPublicKey, true);

SecretKey receiverDesKey = receiverKeyAgreement.generateSecret("DES");

KeyFactory senderKeyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance("DH");

x509EncodedKeySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(receiverPublicKeyEnc);

PublicKey senderPublicKey = senderKeyFactory.generatePublic(x509EncodedKeySpec);

KeyAgreement senderKeyAgreement = KeyAgreement.getInstance("DH");

senderKeyAgreement.init(senderKeyPair.getPrivate());

senderKeyAgreement.doPhase(senderPublicKey, true);

SecretKey senderDesKey = senderKeyAgreement.generateSecret("DES");

if(Objects.equals(receiverDesKey, senderDesKey))

{

System.out.println("双方密钥相同。");

}

// 4.加密

Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("DES");

cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, senderDesKey);

byte[] result = cipher.doFinal(src.getBytes());

System.out.println("bc dh encrypt:" + Base64.encodeBase64String(result));

// 5.解密

cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, receiverDesKey);

result = cipher.doFinal(result);

System.out.println("bc dh decrypt:" + new String(result));

} catch (Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

非对称加密算法-DH

非对称加密算法-RSA

唯一广泛接受并实现

数据加密&数字签名

公钥加密、私钥解密

私钥加密、公钥解密

RSA相对比较慢

基于“大数因子分解”非对称加密算法的实现方式

密钥长度

默认

工作模式

填充方式

实现方

512~65536(64整数倍)

1024

ECB

NoPadding、PKCS1Padding、OAEPWITHMD5AndMGF1Pading、OAEPWITHSHA1AndMGF1Pading、OAEPWITHSHA256AndMGF1Pading、OAEPWITHSHA384AndMGF1Pading、OAEPWITHSHA512AndMGF1Pading

JDK

2048

NONE

NoPadding、PKCS1Padding、OAEPWITHMD5AndMGF1Pading、OAEPWITHSHA1AndMGF1Pading、OAEPWITHSHA224AndMGF1Pading、OAEPWITHSHA256AndMGF1Pading、OAEPWITHSHA384AndMGF1Pading、OAEPWITHSHA512AndMGF1Pading、ISO9796-1Padding

BC

import java.security.KeyFactory;

import java.security.KeyPair;

import java.security.KeyPairGenerator;

import java.security.PrivateKey;

import java.security.PublicKey;

import java.security.interfaces.RSAPrivateKey;

import java.security.interfaces.RSAPublicKey;

import java.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec;

import java.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec;

import javax.crypto.Cipher;

import javax.crypto.KeyAgreement;

import javax.crypto.SecretKey;

import javax.crypto.interfaces.DHPublicKey;

import javax.crypto.spec.DHParameterSpec;

import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64;

import com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.utils.Objects;

public class RSATest {

public static final String src = "rsa test";

public static void main(String[] args) {

jdkRSA();

}

// jdk实现：

public static void jdkRSA(){

try {

// 1.初始化发送方密钥

KeyPairGenerator keyPairGenerator = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("RSA");

keyPairGenerator.initialize(512);

KeyPair keyPair = keyPairGenerator.generateKeyPair();

RSAPublicKey rsaPublicKey = (RSAPublicKey) keyPair.getPublic();

RSAPrivateKey rsaPrivateKey = (RSAPrivateKey) keyPair.getPrivate();

System.out.println("Public Key:" + Base64.encodeBase64String(rsaPublicKey.getEncoded()));

System.out.println("Private Key:" + Base64.encodeBase64String(rsaPrivateKey.getEncoded()));

// 2.私钥加密、公钥解密 ---- 加密

PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8EncodedKeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(rsaPrivateKey.getEncoded());

KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");

PrivateKey privateKey = keyFactory.generatePrivate(pkcs8EncodedKeySpec);

Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA");

cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, privateKey);

byte[] result = cipher.doFinal(src.getBytes());

System.out.println("私钥加密、公钥解密 ---- 加密:" + Base64.encodeBase64String(result));

// 3.私钥加密、公钥解密 ---- 解密

X509EncodedKeySpec x509EncodedKeySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(rsaPublicKey.getEncoded());

keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");

PublicKey publicKey = keyFactory.generatePublic(x509EncodedKeySpec);

cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA");

cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, publicKey);

result = cipher.doFinal(result);

System.out.println("私钥加密、公钥解密 ---- 解密:" + new String(result));

// 4.公钥加密、私钥解密 ---- 加密

X509EncodedKeySpec x509EncodedKeySpec2 = new X509EncodedKeySpec(rsaPublicKey.getEncoded());

KeyFactory keyFactory2 = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");

PublicKey publicKey2 = keyFactory2.generatePublic(x509EncodedKeySpec2);

Cipher cipher2 = Cipher.getInstance("RSA");

cipher2.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, publicKey2);

byte[] result2 = cipher2.doFinal(src.getBytes());

System.out.println("公钥加密、私钥解密 ---- 加密:" + Base64.encodeBase64String(result2));

// 5.私钥解密、公钥加密 ---- 解密

PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8EncodedKeySpec5 = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(rsaPrivateKey.getEncoded());

KeyFactory keyFactory5 = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");

PrivateKey privateKey5 = keyFactory5.generatePrivate(pkcs8EncodedKeySpec5);

Cipher cipher5 = Cipher.getInstance("RSA");

cipher5.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, privateKey5);

byte[] result5 = cipher5.doFinal(result2);

System.out.println("公钥加密、私钥解密 ---- 解密:" + new String(result5));

} catch (Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

非对称加密算法-RSA

非对称加密算法-ElGamal

只提供公钥加密算法

JDK并未提供实现，Bouncy Castle

密钥长度

默认

工作模式

填充方式

实现方

160~16384(8整数倍)

1024

ECB、NONE

NoPadding、PKCS1Padding、OAEPWITHMD5AndMGF1Pading、OAEPWITHSHA1AndMGF1Pading、OAEPWITHSHA224AndMGF1Pading、OAEPWITHSHA256AndMGF1Pading、OAEPWITHSHA384AndMGF1Pading、OAEPWITHSHA512AndMGF1Pading、ISO9796-1Padding

BC

import java.security.AlgorithmParameterGenerator;

import java.security.AlgorithmParameters;

import java.security.KeyFactory;

import java.security.KeyPair;

import java.security.KeyPairGenerator;

import java.security.PrivateKey;

import java.security.PublicKey;

import java.security.SecureRandom;

import java.security.Security;

import java.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec;

import java.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec;

import javax.crypto.Cipher;

import javax.crypto.spec.DHParameterSpec;

import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64;

import org.bouncycastle.jce.provider.BouncyCastleProvider;

public class ElGamalTest {

public static final String src = "Elgamal test";

public static void main(String[] args) {

jdkElgamal();

}

/**

*

* 对于：“Illegal key size or default parameters”异常，是因为美国的出口限制，Sun通过权限文件(local_policy.jar、US_export_policy.jar)做了相应限制。因此存在一些问题：

* Java 6 无政策限制文件：http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jce-6-download-429243.html

* Java 7 无政策限制文件：http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jce-7-download-432124.html

* 我的时java7，自己安装的。

* /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.7.0_71.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/security目录下，对应覆盖local_policy.jar和US_export_policy.jar两个文件。

*

* 切换到%JDK_Home%\jre\lib\security目录下，对应覆盖local_policy.jar和US_export_policy.jar两个文件。同时，你可能有必要在%JRE_Home%\lib\security目录下，也需要对应覆盖这两个文件。

*/

// jdk实现：“私钥解密、公钥加密” ， 对于：“私钥加密、公钥解密”有问题，因为Elgamal不支持

public static void jdkElgamal(){

try {

// 加入对BouncyCastle支持

Security.addProvider(new BouncyCastleProvider());

// 1.初始化发送方密钥

AlgorithmParameterGenerator algorithmParameterGenerator = AlgorithmParameterGenerator.getInstance("Elgamal");

// 初始化参数生成器

algorithmParameterGenerator.init(256);

// 生成算法参数

AlgorithmParameters algorithmParameters = algorithmParameterGenerator.generateParameters();

// 构建参数材料

DHParameterSpec dhParameterSpec = (DHParameterSpec)algorithmParameters.getParameterSpec(DHParameterSpec.class);

// 实例化密钥生成器

KeyPairGenerator keyPairGenerator = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("Elgamal");

// 初始化密钥对生成器

keyPairGenerator.initialize(dhParameterSpec, new SecureRandom());

KeyPair keyPair = keyPairGenerator.generateKeyPair();

// 公钥

PublicKey elGamalPublicKey = keyPair.getPublic();

// 私钥

PrivateKey elGamalPrivateKey = keyPair.getPrivate();

System.out.println("Public Key:" + Base64.encodeBase64String(elGamalPublicKey.getEncoded()));

System.out.println("Private Key:" + Base64.encodeBase64String(elGamalPrivateKey.getEncoded()));

// 2.私钥解密、公钥加密 ---- 加密

// 初始化公钥

// 密钥材料转换

X509EncodedKeySpec x509EncodedKeySpec2 = new X509EncodedKeySpec(elGamalPublicKey.getEncoded());

// 实例化密钥工厂

KeyFactory keyFactory2 = KeyFactory.getInstance("Elgamal");

// 产生公钥

PublicKey publicKey2 = keyFactory2.generatePublic(x509EncodedKeySpec2);

// 数据加密

// Cipher cipher2 = Cipher.getInstance("Elgamal");

Cipher cipher2 = Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory2.getAlgorithm());

cipher2.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, publicKey2);

byte[] result2 = cipher2.doFinal(src.getBytes());

System.out.println("私钥加密、公钥解密 ---- 加密:" + Base64.encodeBase64String(result2));

// 3.私钥解密、公钥加密 ---- 解密

PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8EncodedKeySpec5 = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(elGamalPrivateKey.getEncoded());

KeyFactory keyFactory5 = KeyFactory.getInstance("Elgamal");

PrivateKey privateKey5 = keyFactory5.generatePrivate(pkcs8EncodedKeySpec5);

// Cipher cipher5 = Cipher.getInstance("Elgamal");

Cipher cipher5 = Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory5.getAlgorithm());

cipher5.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, privateKey5);

byte[] result5 = cipher5.doFinal(result2);

System.out.println("Elgamal 私钥加密、公钥解密 ---- 解密:" + new String(result5));

/*

// 私钥加密、公钥解密: 有问题

// 4.私钥加密、公钥解密 ---- 加密

PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8EncodedKeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(elGamalPrivateKey.getEncoded());

KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance("Elgamal");

PrivateKey privateKey = keyFactory.generatePrivate(pkcs8EncodedKeySpec);

Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("Elgamal");

cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, privateKey);

byte[] result = cipher.doFinal(src.getBytes());

System.out.println("私钥加密、公钥解密 ---- 加密:" + Base64.encodeBase64String(result));

// 5.私钥加密、公钥解密 ---- 解密

X509EncodedKeySpec x509EncodedKeySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(elGamalPublicKey.getEncoded());

keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance("Elgamal");

PublicKey publicKey = keyFactory.generatePublic(x509EncodedKeySpec);

cipher = Cipher.getInstance("Elgamal");

cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, publicKey);

result = cipher.doFinal(result);

System.out.println("Elgamal 私钥加密、公钥解密 ---- 解密:" + new String(result));

*/

} catch (Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

非对称加密算法-ElGamal