不管是 fdex2 脱壳的核心思想,还是 Android 的热修复技术等,当中都有 loadClass 的身影。
java类装载:
ClassLoader loadClass:默认情况下,只加载目标类,并不进行链接和初始化
Class.forName: 默认情况下,加载目标类,如果类之前没有被初始化,则会进行类的初始化,主要体现在静态区域的初始化
libcore/ojluni/src/main/java/java/lang/ClassLoader.java
双亲委派机制加载类,如果双亲未加载且无法加载目标类,则调用 findClass 去加载,此方法由子类实现public Class> loadClass(String name) throws ClassNotFoundException {
return loadClass(name, false);
}
protected Class> loadClass(String name, boolean resolve)
throws ClassNotFoundException
{
// First, check if the class has already been loaded
Class> c = findLoadedClass(name);
if (c == null) {
try {
if (parent != null) {
c = parent.loadClass(name, false);
} else {
c = findBootstrapClassOrNull(name);
}
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
// ClassNotFoundException thrown if class not found
// from the non-null parent class loader
}
if (c == null) {
// If still not found, then invoke findClass in order
// to find the class.
c = findClass(name);
}
}
return c;
}
protected Class> findClass(String name) throws ClassNotFoundException {
throw new ClassNotFoundException(name);
}
libcore/dalvik/src/main/java/dalvik/system/BaseDexClassLoader.javapublic class BaseDexClassLoader extends ClassLoader {
/**
* Hook for customizing how dex files loads are reported.
*
* This enables the framework to monitor the use of dex files. The
* goal is to simplify the mechanism for optimizing foreign dex files and
* enable further optimizations of secondary dex files.
*
* The reporting happens only when new instances of BaseDexClassLoader
* are constructed and will be active only after this field is set with
* {@link BaseDexClassLoader#setReporter}.
*/
/* @NonNull */ private static volatile Reporter reporter = null;
private final DexPathList pathList;
@Override
protected Class> findClass(String name) throws ClassNotFoundException {
List suppressedExceptions = new ArrayList();
Class c = pathList.findClass(name, suppressedExceptions);
if (c == null) {
ClassNotFoundException cnfe = new ClassNotFoundException(
"Didn't find class \"" + name + "\" on path: " + pathList);
for (Throwable t : suppressedExceptions) {
cnfe.addSuppressed(t);
}
throw cnfe;
}
return c;
}
}
libcore/dalvik/src/main/java/dalvik/system/DexPathList.javapublic Class> findClass(String name, List suppressed) {
for (Element element : dexElements) {
Class> clazz = element.findClass(name, definingContext, suppressed);
if (clazz != null) {
return clazz;
}
}
if (dexElementsSuppressedExceptions != null) {
suppressed.addAll(Arrays.asList(dexElementsSuppressedExceptions));
}
return null;
}
private Element[] dexElements;
this.dexElements = makeInMemoryDexElements(dexFiles, suppressedExceptions);
private static Element[] makeInMemoryDexElements(ByteBuffer[] dexFiles,
List suppressedExceptions) {
Element[] elements = new Element[dexFiles.length];
int elementPos = 0;
for (ByteBuffer buf : dexFiles) {
try {
DexFile dex = new DexFile(buf);
elements[elementPos++] = new Element(dex);
} catch (IOException suppressed) {
System.logE("Unable to load dex file: " + buf, suppressed);
suppressedExceptions.add(suppressed);
}
}
if (elementPos != elements.length) {
elements = Arrays.copyOf(elements, elementPos);
}
return elements;
}
/*package*/ static class Element {
/**
* A file denoting a zip file (in case of a resource jar or a dex jar), or a directory
* (only when dexFile is null).
*/
private final File path;
private final DexFile dexFile;
private ClassPathURLStreamHandler urlHandler;
private boolean initialized;
/**
* Element encapsulates a dex file. This may be a plain dex file (in which case dexZipPath
* should be null), or a jar (in which case dexZipPath should denote the zip file).
*/
public Element(DexFile dexFile, File dexZipPath) {
this.dexFile = dexFile;
this.path = dexZipPath;
}
public Class> findClass(String name, ClassLoader definingContext,
List suppressed) {
return dexFile != null ? dexFile.loadClassBinaryName(name, definingContext, suppressed)
: null;
}
}
libcore/dalvik/src/main/java/dalvik/system/DexFile.javapublic Class loadClassBinaryName(String name, ClassLoader loader, List suppressed) {
return defineClass(name, loader, mCookie, this, suppressed);
}
private static Class defineClass(String name, ClassLoader loader, Object cookie,
DexFile dexFile, List suppressed) {
Class result = null;
try {
result = defineClassNative(name, loader, cookie, dexFile);
} catch (NoClassDefFoundError e) {
if (suppressed != null) {
suppressed.add(e);
}
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
if (suppressed != null) {
suppressed.add(e);
}
}
return result;
}
private static native Class defineClassNative(String name, ClassLoader loader, Object cookie,
DexFile dexFile)
throws ClassNotFoundException, NoClassDefFoundError;
总结:
loadClass(ClassLoader.java) -> findClass(BaseDexClassLoader.java) -> findClass(DexPathList.java) ->
findClass(DexPathList.java -> Element -> findClass) -> loadClassBinaryName(DexFile.java) ->
defineClass(DexFile.java) -> defineClassNative(DexFile.java) -> Native层