PS:PDF在线地址:http://bcmi.sjtu.edu.cn/~zhaohai/ptm2012/data/Python-kernel.programming.v2.pdf
2-1 变量,print 和字符串格式化运算符。启动交互式解释器,给一些变量赋值(字符串,数值等等)并通过输入变量名显示它们的值。再用 print 语句做同样的事。这二者有何区别? 也尝试着使用字符串格式运算符%,多做几次,慢慢熟悉。
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
>>>a = 123
>>>b = '123'
>>>a123
>>>b'123'
>>>printa123
>>>printb123
>>>print '尽管print语句输出的a和b是一样的,但他们仍然不一样,a是%d,是整型;b是%s,是字符串。' %(a,b)
尽管print语句输出的a和b是一样的,但他们仍然不一样,a是123,是整型;b是123,是字符串。
可见,在交互式解释器中,通过输入变量名称显示值是直接显示各变量包含变量类型的值,即字符串带有字符串的标志''引号;通过print语句,则字符串引号''被去掉。
2-2 程序输出
(a) 这段脚本用来计算 1 + 2 * 4 的值
(b)这段脚本保存后再运行不会输出任何项
(c)保存为脚本运行后,没有任何输出,与预想的一样。究其原因,是因为交互式解释器和脚本运行的不同
(d)单独执行这段代码,不会有任何输出;在交互式解释器中输入 1 + 2 * 4 ,会输出"9".如下:
#!/usr/bin/env python
1 + 2 * 4
(e)使用print语句即可
2-3 略
2-4 (a)
1 #-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
2 string = raw_input("Please enter something:")3 print string
输出:
Please enter something:Python isnumber one!
Pythonis number one!
(b)
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
string = raw_input("Please enter a number:")print "Your enter is %d" % int(string)
输出:
Please enter a number:123Your enteris 123
2-5 (a)
i =0while i <= 10:printi
i+= 1
(b)
for i in range(11):print i
2-6 (1)
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
num = 10
if num >0:print u"它是正数!"
elif num <0:print u"它是负数!"
else:print u"它是0"
(2)
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
num = int(raw_input("输入一个数字:".decode("utf-8").encode("gbk")))if num >0:print u"它是正数!"
elif num <0:print u"它是负数!"
else:print u"它是0"
2-7 (1) while
strings = raw_input("Please enter something:")
i=0while i
i+= 1
(2) for
strings = raw_input("Please enter something:")for i,string inenumerate(strings):print string,"(%d)" % i
2-8
(1)
list1 = [123,45,678,91,124]
i=0
sum=0while i
sum= sum +list1[i]
i+= 1
printsum
sum=0for num inlist1:
sum= sum +numprint sum
(2)
num_one = int(raw_input("Please enter the first number:"))
num_two= int(raw_input("Please enter the second numebr:"))
num_three= int(raw_input("Please enter the third number:"))
num_four= int(raw_input("Please enter the fourth number:"))
num_five= int(raw_input("Please enter the fifth number:"))
list1=[num_one,num_two,num_three,num_four,num_five]
i=0
sum=0while i
sum= sum +list1[i]
i+= 1
printsum
sum=0for num inlist1:
sum= sum +numprint sum
2-9
number = [12,345,67,890,123]
sum=0for num innumber:
sum= sum +num
average= float(sum) / 5
print "%f is the average of these five numbers." % average
2-10
whileTrue:
num= int(raw_input("Please enter a number bewteen 1 and 100:"))if num >= 1 and num <= 100:print "Well Done.You done it."
break
else:print "Man,you are wrong!Please learn to read the prompt!!!"
continue
2-11
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
defcalc_sum():globalsum
sum=0
i=0while i < 5:
num= int(raw_input("请依次输入五个数字:".decode("utf-8").encode("gbk")))
sum= sum +num
i+= 1
returnsumwhileTrue:
choice= raw_input("1求和,2求平均数,X退出,请输入你的选择:".decode("utf-8").encode("gbk"))if choice == 'X':print u"程序将退出"
break
elif choice.isdigit() and int(choice) == 1:
#isdigit()用来判断一个对象是否是数字,是数字返回True,否则返回False。如123.isdigit()返回结果Trueprint u"计算五个数的和"calc_sum()print u"这五个数的和是:",sumelif choice.isdigit() and int(choice) == 2:print u"计算五个数的平均值"calc_sum()print u"这五个数的平均值是:",float(sum) / 5
else:print u"请重新输入"
2-12
(a) dir()会显示所有全局变量
(b) dir不加括号返回,对dir的基础介绍
(c) type(dir)返回,意思是内建的函数或方法
2-13
2-14
原语句:
print -2 * 4 + 3 ** 2
改写:
print -2 * 4 + (3 ** 2)
2-15/2-16 存疑,待补