android加入摄像功能,教你在Android中创建相机应用（Camera App）

在sdk中找到/sdk/docs/guide/topics/media/camera.html#custom-camera，里面有详细的api参考

在清单文件中添加相应的权限：

XML/HTML代码

按照官方文档，分为下面几步：

• Detect and Access Camera - Create code to check for the existence of cameras and request access.

• Create a Preview Class - Create a camera preview class that extends SurfaceView and implements theSurfaceHolder interface. This class previews the live images from the camera.

• Build a Preview Layout - Once you have the camera preview class, create a view layout that incorporates the preview and the user interface controls you want.

• Setup Listeners for Capture - Connect listeners for your interface controls to start image or video capture in response to user actions, such as pressing a button.

• Capture and Save Files - Setup the code for capturing pictures or videos and saving the output.

• Release the Camera - After using the camera, your application must properly release it for use by other applications.

接下来分别实现：

1、检查设备是否有照相机

Java代码/** 检查设备是否存在照相机 */

privatebooleancheckCameraHardware(Context context) {

if(context.getPackageManager().hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_CAMERA)){

// this device has a camera

returntrue;

} else{

// no camera on this device

returnfalse;

}

}

2、得到一个照相机

Java代码/** 一种安全的方式获取Cameer对象的实例. */

publicstaticCamera getCameraInstance(){

Camera c = null;

try{

c = Camera.open(); // attempt to get a Camera instance

}

catch(Exception e){

// Camera is not available (in use or does not exist)

}

returnc;// returns null if camera is unavailable

}

3、新建一个名为CameraPreview的类

Java代码packagecom.wuyudong.mycamera;

importjava.io.IOException;

importandroid.content.Context;

importandroid.hardware.Camera;

importandroid.util.Log;

importandroid.view.SurfaceHolder;

importandroid.view.SurfaceView;

/** A basic Camera preview class */

publicclassCameraPreviewextendsSurfaceViewimplements

SurfaceHolder.Callback {

privatestaticfinalString TAG ="CameraPreview";

privateSurfaceHolder mHolder;

privateCamera mCamera;

publicCameraPreview(Context context, Camera camera) {

super(context);

mCamera = camera;

// Install a SurfaceHolder.Callback so we get notified when the

// underlying surface is created and destroyed.

mHolder = getHolder();

mHolder.addCallback(this);

// deprecated setting, but required on Android versions prior to 3.0

mHolder.setType(SurfaceHolder.SURFACE_TYPE_PUSH_BUFFERS);

}

publicvoidsurfaceCreated(SurfaceHolder holder) {

// The Surface has been created, now tell the camera where to draw the

// preview.

try{

mCamera.setPreviewDisplay(holder);

mCamera.startPreview();

} catch(IOException e) {

Log.d(TAG, "Error setting camera preview: "+ e.getMessage());

}

}

publicvoidsurfaceDestroyed(SurfaceHolder holder) {

// empty. Take care of releasing the Camera preview in your activity.

}

publicvoidsurfaceChanged(SurfaceHolder holder,intformat,intw,inth) {

// If your preview can change or rotate, take care of those events here.

// Make sure to stop the preview before resizing or reformatting it.

if(mHolder.getSurface() ==null) {

// preview surface does not exist

return;

}

// stop preview before making changes

try{

mCamera.stopPreview();

} catch(Exception e) {

// ignore: tried to stop a non-existent preview

}

// set preview size and make any resize, rotate or

// reformatting changes here

// start preview with new settings

try{

mCamera.setPreviewDisplay(mHolder);

mCamera.startPreview();

} catch(Exception e) {

Log.d(TAG, "Error starting camera preview: "+ e.getMessage());

}

}

}

4、设置一个预览功能的layout，将原来布局文件中的内容替换成下面的代码

XML/HTML代码<?xmlversion ="1.0"encoding="utf-8"?>

android:orientation="horizontal"

android:layout_width="fill_parent"

android:layout_height="fill_parent"

>

android:id="@+id/camera_preview"

android:layout_width="fill_parent"

android:layout_height="fill_parent"

android:layout_weight="1"

/>

android:id="@+id/button_capture"

android:text="Capture"

android:layout_width="wrap_content"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:layout_gravity="center"

/>

5、在清单文件中加入 android:screenOrientation="landscape" 调整相机为横向拍摄

6、在MainActivity中添加

Java代码publicclassMainActivityextendsActivity {

privateCamera mCamera;

privateCameraPreview mPreview;

@Override

publicvoidonCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

setContentView(R.layout.main);

// Create an instance of Camera

mCamera = getCameraInstance();

// Create our Preview view and set it as the content of our activity.

mPreview = newCameraPreview(this, mCamera);

FrameLayout preview = (FrameLayout) findViewById(R.id.camera_preview);

preview.addView(mPreview);

}

}

7、实现拍摄按钮的功能

(1)添加拍照回调方法

Java代码privatePictureCallback mPicture =newPictureCallback() {

@Override

publicvoidonPictureTaken(byte[] data, Camera camera) {

File pictureFile = newFile("/sdcard/"+ System.currentTimeMillis()+".jpg");

try{

FileOutputStream fos = newFileOutputStream(pictureFile);

fos.write(data);

fos.close();

} catch(IOException e) {

Log.d("TAG","Error accessing file: "+ e.getMessage());

}

}

};

给拍照按钮添加注册事件：

Java代码// Add a listener to the Capture button

Button captureButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button_capture);

captureButton.setOnClickListener(

newView.OnClickListener() {

@Override

publicvoidonClick(View v) {

// get an image from the camera

mCamera.takePicture(null,null, mPicture);

}

}

);

完整的代码如下：

Java代码packagecom.wuyudong.mycamera;

importjava.io.File;

importjava.io.FileNotFoundException;

importjava.io.FileOutputStream;

importjava.io.IOException;

importjava.sql.Date;

importandroid.os.Bundle;

importandroid.app.Activity;

importandroid.content.Context;

importandroid.content.pm.PackageManager;

importandroid.hardware.Camera;

importandroid.hardware.Camera.AutoFocusCallback;

importandroid.hardware.Camera.PictureCallback;

importandroid.util.Log;

importandroid.view.Menu;

importandroid.view.View;

importandroid.widget.Button;

importandroid.widget.FrameLayout;

publicclassMainActivityextendsActivity {

privateCamera mCamera;

privateCameraPreview mPreview;

@Override

protectedvoidonCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

// 创建一个 Camera 的实例

mCamera = getCameraInstance();

// 创建一个预览界面

mPreview = newCameraPreview(this, mCamera);

FrameLayout preview = (FrameLayout) findViewById(R.id.camera_preview);

preview.addView(mPreview);

// Add a listener to the Capture button

Button captureButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button_capture);

captureButton.setOnClickListener(

newView.OnClickListener() {

@Override

publicvoidonClick(View v) {

mCamera.autoFocus(newAutoFocusCallback() {// 对焦

@Override

publicvoidonAutoFocus(booleansuccess, Camera camera) {

// get an image from the camera

mCamera.takePicture(null,null, mPicture);

}

});

}

}

);

}

/** 检查设备是否存在照相机 */

privatebooleancheckCameraHardware(Context context) {

if(context.getPackageManager().hasSystemFeature(

PackageManager.FEATURE_CAMERA)) {

// this device has a camera

returntrue;

} else{

// no camera on this device

returnfalse;

}

}

/** 一种安全的方式获取Cameer对象的实例. */

publicstaticCamera getCameraInstance() {

Camera c = null;

try{

c = Camera.open(); // attempt to get a Camera instance

} catch(Exception e) {

// Camera is not available (in use or does not exist)

}

returnc;// returns null if camera is unavailable

}

privatePictureCallback mPicture =newPictureCallback() {

@Override

publicvoidonPictureTaken(byte[] data, Camera camera) {

File pictureFile = newFile("/sdcard/"+ System.currentTimeMillis()+".jpg");

try{

FileOutputStream fos = newFileOutputStream(pictureFile);

fos.write(data);

fos.close();

} catch(IOException e) {

Log.d("TAG","Error accessing file: "+ e.getMessage());

}

}

};

protectedvoidonDestory() {

if(mCamera !=null) {//释放资源

mCamera.release();

mCamera = null;

}

}

}

2016年9月9日