ibm主板怎么进bios_科普 | 什么是BIOS?怎么进?BIOS能进行哪些设置?

作为一名极客玩家,想必大家在平时总是会听说到一个词,那就是"BIOS",重装系统要进入BIOS,处理器内存超频要进入BIOS,甚至进行机箱风扇转速调节也要进入BIOS,那么这个BIOS究竟是个什么东西呢?

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BIOS,即"Basic Input Output System"的缩写,直接的英文表面意思就是"基本输入输出系统"。而BIOS这个词语最早是在1975年第一次由CP/M操作系统中出现的。

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实际上,BIOS是一组固化到计算机本身的主板上的一个ROM芯片上的程序,在BIOS之中保存着整台电脑最重要当然也是最基本的的基本输入输出的程序、以及我们平时开机都会碰到但是你可能没有留意过的自检程序和系统自启动程序,简单的来说,BIOS就是一个主板与用户之间交流的小系统,或者说是小程序,能够看到系统主板的各种参数,进行各种设置。

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当然随着主板厂商的不同,各家的BIOS也是不尽相同的,可能在比较老旧的电脑上就是最初始的全英文的BIOS界面,而现在像华硕微星等厂商也随着主板内存的大小慢慢变成了图形化简单易上手的BIOS界面了,对于新手小白也很友好。

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那么如何进入你机器的BIOS呢?

一般来说就是在电脑开机时显现出来的主板标志后下面的一段话,一般来说根据主板厂商的不同进入BIOS的对应按键也会不同,但无外乎就是"DEL, ESC, F1, F2, F8, F9, F10, F12"这几个按键。

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那么进入BIOS有什么用呢?其实文章一开始就提到了,进入BIOS能够进行重装系统时启动盘的设置,处理器内存的电压频率的设置,以及机箱风扇的调整逻辑设置。

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而作为一个主板内置程序,BIOS当然也是能够更新升级的,一半关注相应的主板厂商官网就能够知晓,但是在这里还是不建议大家经常升级BIOS驱动,毕竟稳定才是王道。

想了解更多玩机教程极客潮玩,快来关注极客搞机社吧。

代码部分来自Google的重建IBMPC BIOS项目(https://sites.google.com/site/pcdosretro/ibmpcbios),其中的BIOS镜像(*.rom)可用于各种IBM PC模拟器,可按情况使用。源代码可以用masm编译,站内英文说明文件如下: IBM PC BIOS source code reconstruction This is a reconstruction of the IBM PC, PC XT, PC AT and PC XT 286 BIOS source code using scanning and transcription of the BIOS listings found in the IBM Technical Reference manuals. This historically relevant source code is presented here for software preservation. The following BIOS source code has been reconstructed: IBM PC version 1 04/21/81 IBM PC version 2 10/19/81 IBM PC version 3 10/27/82 IBM PC XT version 1 11/08/82 (also used on the Portable PC) IBM PC XT version 2 01/10/86 IBM PC XT version 3 05/09/86 IBM PC AT version 1 01/10/84 IBM PC AT version 2 06/10/85 IBM PC AT version 3 11/15/85 (used on the PC AT models 319 and 339) IBM PC XT 286 04/21/86 Notes: • All 3 versions of the IBM PC BIOS and the first version of the IBM PC XT BIOS were built using Intel ASM86 on an Intel development system. In each case the BIOS source code is a single large file and the BIOS code is 8KB which resides at F000:E000 • The IBM PC AT version 1 BIOS was built using IBM MASM 1.0 on DOS. This is the first IBM BIOS which uses multiple source files. Since IBM MASM 1.0 did not support the 80286 there is a macro file (IAPX286.MAC) which is used to generate the necessary opcodes. This is also the first BIOS to be split into two parts: the main BIOS code resides at F000:0000 and the compatibility section (ORGS.ASM) resides at F000:E000. An additional file FILL.ASM has been added to define the area between the end of the main BIOS code and the compatibility section to allow the BIOS to be linked properly. It is currently unknown how this was originally handled. • The IBM PC AT version 2 and 3 BIOS and the IBM PC XT 286 BIOS were built using IBM MASM 2.0 on DOS. These are similar to the PC AT version 1 BIOS but there are fewer source files as some files were combined and a bit of cleanup was done. IAPX286.INC is used to generate the protected-mode 80286 opcodes which IBM MASM 2.0 did not support. FILL.ASM serves the same purpose as it does for the PC AT version 1 BIOS though in each case the file is specific to the particular BIOS being built. • The IBM PC XT version 2 and 3 BIOS were built using IBM MASM 2.0 on DOS. The later PC XT BIOS code was restructured to be similar to the PC AT BIOS code so there are multiple source files. Like the PC AT BIOS the code is split into two parts though the compatibility section is in the file POST.ASM. Again the additional file FILL.ASM is used to define the area between the end of the main BIOS code and the compatibility section. • The following code is present in all versions of the PC AT BIOS and the PC XT 286 BIOS but does not appear in the published listings. It is inferred from the public symbols in ORGS.ASM and code disassembly. It is unknown what purpose this code serves. .XLIST ;;- ORG 0FF5AH ORG 01F5AH HRD PROC FAR CALL DISK_SETUP RET HRD ENDP FLOPPY PROC FAR CALL DSKETTE_SETUP RET FLOPPY ENDP SEEKS_1 PROC FAR CALL SEEK RET SEEKS_1 ENDP TUTOR: JMP K16 .LIST • In all cases the 32KB ROM BASIC code which resides at F6000 is not available as its source code was never published. • Versions of MASM later than 4.0 cannot be used to build the IBM BIOS source code since older constructs and macros are used. More information about functionality changes in the IBM PC BIOS code is listed here: IBM PC BIOS version history
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