java 字符串的格式化,Java 字符串参数格式化

2020-04-29

Java 字符串参数格式化

想设计一个模板, 直接将java的参数用进去。故整理一下java字符串参数格式化方法。

格式标志

SPECIFIER | APPLIES TO | OUTPUT

–|–|–

%a | floating point (except BigDecimal) | Hex output of floating point number

%b | Any type | “true” if non-null, “false” if null

%c | character | Unicode character

%d | integer (incl. byte, short, int, long, bigint) | Decimal Integer

%e | floating point | decimal number in scientific notation

%f | floating point | decimal number

%g | floating point | decimal number, possibly in scientific notation depending on the precision and value.

%h | any type | Hex String of value from hashCode() method.

%n | none | Platform-specific line separator.

%o | integer (incl. byte, short, int, long, bigint) | Octal number

%s | any type | String value

%t | Date/Time (incl. long, Calendar, Date and TemporalAccessor) | %t is the prefix for Date/Time conversions. More formatting flags are needed after this. See Date/Time conversion below.

%x | integer (incl. byte, short, int, long, bigint) |

Hex string.

格式化通用说明

general, character, numeric 类型

%[argument_index$][flags][width][.precision]conversion

dates and times

%[argument_index$][flags][width]conversion

非参数

%[flags][width]conversion

如%n换行

举例

通用格式化

String output = String.format("%s = %d", "zhh", 25);

System.out.printf("My name is: %s%n", "zhh");

参数索引

用第2个参数,忽略第1个

String.format("%2$s", 32, "Hello"); // prints: "Hello"

字符串格式化

String.format("|%s|", "Hello World"); // prints: "Hello World"

String.format("|%30s|", "Hello World");

// | Hello World|

String.format("|%-30s|", "Hello World");

// |Hello World |

String.format("|%.5s|", "Hello World"); // prints: |Hello|

String.format("|%30.5s|", "Hello World"); // prints: |Hello|

| Hello|

## 货币格式化

String.format("|%,d|", 10000000); // prints: |10,000,000|

整形数字格式化

String.format("%d", 93); // prints 93

String.format("|%20d|", 93); // prints: | 93|

String.format("|%-20d|", 93); // prints: |93 |

String.format("|%020d|", 93); // prints: |00000000000000000093|

String.format("|%+20d|', 93); // prints: | +93|

String.format("|% d|", 93); // prints: | 93| String.format("|% d|", -36); // prints: |-36|

String.format("|%(d|", -36); // prints: |(36)|

// 增加前导0和0x

String.format("|%#o|", 93);

// prints: 0135

String.format("|%#x|", 93);

// prints: 0x5d

String.format("|%#X|", 93);

// prints: 0X5D

浮点格式化

StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();

// Send all output to the Appendable object sb

Formatter formatter = new Formatter(sb, Locale.CHINESE);

formatter.format(Locale.CHINESE, "e = |%+10.4f|", Math.E);

System.out.println(formatter.toString());

//e = | +2.7183|

formatter.format("e = |%,.2f|", -Math.E*10000);

//e = |-27,182.82|

formatter.format("e = |%(,.2f|", -Math.E*10000);

//(可以取代负号,|(27,182.82)|

BigDecimal b = new BigDecimal(Math.PI*Math.pow(10,20));

formatter.format("big pi:|%.4f|",b);

//big pi:|314159265358979334144.0000|

日期格式化

常用的格式化标志,全集请参考java doc.

FLAG

NOTES

%tF

ISO 8601 formatted date with “%tY-%tm-%td“.

%tH

Hour of the day for the 24-hour clock e.g. “00” to “23“.

%tM

Minute within the hour formatted a leading 0 e.g. “00” to “59“.

%tm

Month formatted with a leading 0 e.g. “01” to “12“.

%tT

Time formatted as 24-hours e.g. “%tH:%tM:%tS“.

%tY

Year formatted with 4 digits e.g. “0000” to “9999“.

%tS

Seconds within the minute formatted with 2 digits e.g. “00” to “60”. “60” is required to support leap seconds.

%td

Day of the month formatted with two digits. e.g. “01” to “31“.

%tR

Time formatted as 24-hours e.g. “%tH:%tM“.

//月份从0开始,所以需要-1

Calendar c1 = new GregorianCalendar(2020, 4-1, 23);

String s = String.format("那天: %1$tY年%1$tm月%1$te日", c1);

//那天: 2020年03月23日

Calendar c = new GregorianCalendar();

String s = String.format("今天: %1$tY年%1$tm月%1$te日", c);

//今天: 2020年04月29日

s = String.format("今天时间: %1$tY年%1$tm月%1$te日 %1$tH时%1$tM分%1$tS秒", c);

//今天时间: 2020年04月29日 17时31分04秒

参考

https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/Formatter.html

https://dzone.com/articles/java-string-format-examples

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