java synchronized 变量_Java Synchronized的用法

synchronized是Java中的关键字，是一种同步锁。它修饰的对象有以下几种：

1. 修饰一个代码块，被修饰的代码块称为同步语句块，其作用的范围是大括号{}括起来的代码，作用的对象是调用这个代码块的对象；

2. 修饰一个方法，被修饰的方法称为同步方法，其作用的范围是整个方法，作用的对象是调用这个方法的对象；

3. 修改一个静态的方法，其作用的范围是整个静态方法，作用的对象是这个类的所有对象；

4. 修改一个类，其作用的范围是synchronized后面括号括起来的部分，作用主的对象是这个类的所有对象。

修饰代码块

packagecom.qhong;public classMain {public static voidmain(String[] args) {

SyncThread syncThread= newSyncThread();

Thread thread1= new Thread(syncThread, "SyncThread1");

Thread thread2= new Thread(syncThread, "SyncThread2");

thread1.start();

thread2.start();

}

}class SyncThread implementsRunnable {private static intcount;publicSyncThread() {

count= 0;

}public voidrun() {synchronized(this) {for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {try{

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+ ":" + (count++));

Thread.sleep(100);

}catch(InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

}public intgetCount() {returncount;

}

}

结果：

SyncThread1:0SyncThread1:1SyncThread1:2SyncThread1:3SyncThread1:4SyncThread2:5SyncThread2:6SyncThread2:7SyncThread2:8SyncThread2:9

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当两个并发线程(thread1和thread2)访问同一个对象(syncThread)中的synchronized代码块时，

在同一时刻只能有一个线程得到执行，另一个线程受阻塞，必须等待当前线程执行完这个代码块以后才能执行该代码块。

Thread1和thread2是互斥的，因为在执行synchronized代码块时会锁定当前的对象，只有执行完该代码块才能释放该对象锁，下一个线程才能执行并锁定该对象。

我们再把SyncThread的调用稍微改一下：

packagecom.qhong;public classMain {public static voidmain(String[] args) {

Thread thread1= new Thread(new SyncThread(), "SyncThread1");

Thread thread2= new Thread(new SyncThread(), "SyncThread2");

thread1.start();

thread2.start();

}

}class SyncThread implementsRunnable {private static intcount;publicSyncThread() {

count= 0;

}public voidrun() {synchronized(this) {for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {try{

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+ ":" + (count++));

Thread.sleep(100);

}catch(InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

}public intgetCount() {returncount;

}

}

Result:

SyncThread1:0SyncThread2:1SyncThread2:2SyncThread1:3SyncThread1:4SyncThread2:5SyncThread1:6SyncThread2:6SyncThread2:7SyncThread1:7

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======================================================

修饰对象

packagecom.qhong;public classMain {public static voidmain(String[] args) {

Account account= new Account("zhang san", 10000.0f);

AccountOperator accountOperator= newAccountOperator(account);final int THREAD_NUM = 5;

Thread threads[]= newThread[THREAD_NUM];for (int i = 0; i < THREAD_NUM; i ++) {

threads[i]= new Thread(accountOperator, "Thread" +i);

threads[i].start();

}

}

}/*** 银行账户类*/

classAccount {

String name;floatamount;public Account(String name, floatamount) {this.name =name;this.amount =amount;

}//存钱

public void deposit(floatamt) {

amount+=amt;try{

Thread.sleep(100);

}catch(InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}//取钱

public void withdraw(floatamt) {

amount-=amt;try{

Thread.sleep(100);

}catch(InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}public floatgetBalance() {returnamount;

}

}/*** 账户操作类*/

class AccountOperator implementsRunnable{privateAccount account;publicAccountOperator(Account account) {this.account =account;

}public voidrun() {synchronized(account) {

account.deposit(500);

account.withdraw(500);

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+ ":" +account.getBalance());

}

}

}

Result:

Thread1:10000.0Thread4:10000.0Thread3:10000.0Thread2:10000.0Thread0:10000.0

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当没有明确的对象作为锁，只是想让一段代码同步时，可以创建一个特殊的对象来充当锁：

private byte[] lock = new byte[0]; //特殊的instance变量

public voidmethod()

{synchronized(lock) {//todo 同步代码块

}

}

=====================================================================

修饰一个方法：

======================================================================

修饰一个静态方法：

packagecom.qhong;public classMain {public static voidmain(String[] args) {

SyncThread syncThread1= newSyncThread();

SyncThread syncThread2= newSyncThread();

Thread thread1= new Thread(syncThread1, "SyncThread1");

Thread thread2= new Thread(syncThread2, "SyncThread2");

thread1.start();

thread2.start();

}

}class SyncThread implementsRunnable {private static intcount;publicSyncThread() {

count= 0;

}public synchronized static voidmethod() {for (int i = 0; i < 5; i ++) {try{

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+ ":" + (count++));

Thread.sleep(100);

}catch(InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}public synchronized voidrun() {

method();

}

}

Result:

SyncThread2:0SyncThread2:1SyncThread2:2SyncThread2:3SyncThread2:4SyncThread1:5SyncThread1:6SyncThread1:7SyncThread1:8SyncThread1:9

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============================================================================

修饰一个类：

packagecom.qhong;public classMain {public static voidmain(String[] args) {

SyncThread syncThread1= newSyncThread();

SyncThread syncThread2= newSyncThread();

Thread thread1= new Thread(syncThread1, "SyncThread1");

Thread thread2= new Thread(syncThread2, "SyncThread2");

thread1.start();

thread2.start();

}

}class SyncThread implementsRunnable {private static intcount;publicSyncThread() {

count= 0;

}public static voidmethod() {synchronized(SyncThread.class) {for (int i = 0; i < 5; i ++) {try{

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+ ":" + (count++));

Thread.sleep(100);

}catch(InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

}public synchronized voidrun() {

method();

}

}

Result:

SyncThread1:0SyncThread1:1SyncThread1:2SyncThread1:3SyncThread1:4SyncThread2:5SyncThread2:6SyncThread2:7SyncThread2:8SyncThread2:9

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