python oracle数据库连接方式_Oracle数据库Python连接方法

Connecting Python to Oracle Cloud Database

There are three flavors of Oracle Databases hosted on Oracle Cloud Infrastructure:

Bare Mental, VM, and Exadata

Autonomous Data Warehouse (ADWC)

Autonomous Transaction Processing

Here we are refering "Oracle database" to Autonomous Data Warehouse, while all three should be similar in connectivity interface as they are Oracle-like.

For those of you who don't have an Oracle cloud account, be reminded that you can apply for a free-trial account with 30-day trial period and $3000 HKD usable balance.

Before you begin

Before we discuss how to access Oracle database from Python, you should have already provisioned an

Autonomous Data Warehouse

instance. Refer to official doc for how to provision. Basically, you need to first construct a VCN (Virtual Cloud Network) under

Networking

tag, as later you'll be prompted to bind your ADWC to one of the VCNs. In the startup dialog of provisioning the ADWC, choose storage and other parameters, set up your ADMIN account, etc.

Wait for the ADWC instance (in my case, it is called

demo

) to turn from

Provising is in

Available

state, enter the details page, and enter

DB Connection

page. From the

Download

button, download the client credentials (a.k.a. your

wallet**). The wallet is very important and you will need it to make client connections via any method (SQLDeveloper, Language driver, etc).

Install Oracle Client and Python driver

To make connections to Oracle database, you need an Oracle client. Oracle client can a full one that takes a lot of space, or a light-weight one,

Instant Client

. Because a full client is not available on macOS, I opt for the Instant Client. Download the zip file of proper DB version and OS, and place it in your workspace

cd ~/Downloads

unzip instantclient-basic-macos.x64-18.1.0.0.0.zip

cd instantclient_18_1

We will also need the Python driver

cx_Oracle

. I recommend using

PyPI

python -m pip install cx_Oracle --upgrade

instantclient_18_1

directory has the dynamic libraries required by

cx_Oracle

, they must be on the

Library Search Path

in macOS dynamic linking process, available for the

dlpen

call from

cx_Oracle

.

…, the dynamic loader searches for the library in several locations until it finds it, in the following order:

$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

$DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH

The process’s working directory

$DYLD_FALLBACK_LIBRARY_PATH

Hence, we have several options, such as work in the

instantclient_18_1

directory. Or, create a symbol link in

DYLD_FALLBACK_LIBRARY_PATH

which has a default value

$HOME/lib;/usr/local/lib;/usr/lib

. The second method is more flexible since we don't have to stay in the client directory forever

ln -s ~/Downloads/instantclient_18_1/libclntsh.dylib ~/lib/

Configure Oracle database TNS

TNS stands for

Transparent Network Substrate

, an Oracle computer-networking technology mainly designed for connection to Oracle databases. We need to tell the Instant Client the TNS information of the database we would like to access.

cd ~/Downloads/instantclient_18_1/network/admin

If there is not

network/admin

inside,

mkdir

the subdirectories.

Unzip the wallet files to

network/admin

unzip ~/Downloads/Wallet_demo.zip .

ls

# README ewallet.p12 ojdbc.properties tnsnames.ora

# cwallet.sso keystore.jks sqlnet.ora truststore.jks

There are a bunch of files in the wallet, but only three of them is required to make the connection (though you can always put all files inside

network/admin

).

tnsnames.ora

defines the namespace of where to find the databases (host, portnumber, service name) when

cx_Oracle

is asked to make a connection.

cat tnsnames.ora

demo_high = (description= (address=(protocol=tcps)(port=1522)(host=adb.ap-tokyo-1.oraclecloud.com))(connect_data=(service_name=lsd2p1z0t6mcrz2_demo_high.adwc.oraclecloud.com))(security=(ssl_server_cert_dn=

"CN=adb.ap-tokyo-1.oraclecloud.com,OU=Oracle ADB TOKYO,O=Oracle Corporation,L=Redwood City,ST=California,C=US")) )

# ...

There are other TNS entry points, like

demo_medium

and

demo_low

, they refer to different volumes of data transfer between the client and the database.

Get to the Python part

We are all set, lets create a python script with the following content:

import cx_Oracle

connection = cx_Oracle.connect('

', '

', 'demo_high')

print('Database version:', connection.version)

connection.close()

If the script terminates with any error, you will see output

(base) ➜ Desktop python connection.py

Database version: 18.4.0.0.0

Then we successfully connect to the database.

Note: the third parameter of

cx_Oracle.connect

should one of the names defined in

tnsnames.ora

like

demo_high

,

demo_HIGH

(TNS name is case-insensitive),

NOT the long connection string

(something starting with

adb.ap-tokyo-1.oraclecloud.com

). If you mistakenly use the connection string as the third parameter, you are likely to end up with error

TNS: connection closed

.