一、什么是?为什么需要?
序列化(Serialization)是将对象的状态信息转化为可以存储或者传输的形式的过程,反序列化则为其逆过程。
内存的易失性;传输需要;一些应用场景中需要将对象持久化下来,以便在需要的时候进行读取。
二、JDK提供的API
java.io.ObjectOutputStream类的 writeObject(Object obj)方法
java.io.ObjectInputStream类的readObject()方法
对于Serializable,如果没有重写 writeObject和readObject,则调用默认的方法
Externalizable继承了Serializable,多了2个方法:writeExternal和readExternal,用来控制需要序列化哪些字段
三、实现方法
假定一个Person类,实现了Serializable或Externalizable接口
importjava.io.Serializable;/*** @Author: pf_xu
* @Date: 2019/3/5 12:37
* @Version 1.0*/
public class Person implementsSerializable {private intage;privateString name;public Person(intage, String name) {this.age =age;this.name =name;
}public void setAge(intage) {this.age =age;
}public voidsetName(String name) {this.name =name;
}public intgetAge() {returnage;
}publicString getName() {returnname;
}
}
importjava.io.Externalizable;importjava.io.IOException;importjava.io.ObjectInput;importjava.io.ObjectOutput;/*** @Author: pf_xu
* @Date: 2019/3/5 13:01
* @Version 1.0*/
public class SpecialPerson implementsExternalizable {private intage;privateString name;publicSpecialPerson(){}public SpecialPerson(intage, String name) {this.age =age;this.name =name;
}public void setAge(intage) {this.age =age;
}public voidsetName(String name) {this.name =name;
}public intgetAge() {returnage;
}publicString getName() {returnname;
}
@Overridepublic void writeExternal(ObjectOutput out) throwsIOException {
out.writeObject(age);
out.writeObject(name);
}
@Overridepublic void readExternal(ObjectInput in) throwsIOException, ClassNotFoundException {this.age =(Integer) in.readObject();this.name =(String)in.readObject();
}
}
import java.io.*;/*** @Author: pf_xu
* @Date: 2019/3/5 12:40
* @Version 1.0*/
public classSerializableDemo {public static void main(String[] args) throwsIOException, ClassNotFoundException {
Person person= new Person(10,"Simon");
ObjectOutputStream oos1= new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("object1.out"));
oos1.writeObject(person);
ObjectInputStream ois1= new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream("object1.out"));
Person re_person=(Person) ois1.readObject();
System.out.println(re_person.getName()+"---"+re_person.getAge());
SpecialPerson specialPerson= new SpecialPerson(30,"Daniel");
ObjectOutputStream oos2= new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("object2.out"));
oos2.writeObject(specialPerson);
ObjectInputStream ois2= new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream("object2.out"));
SpecialPerson re_specialPerson=(SpecialPerson)ois2.readObject();
System.out.println(re_specialPerson.getName()+"---"+re_specialPerson.getAge());
}
}
四、一些细节
1.序列化ID
serialVersionUID 如果两个类的ID不同,则不能互相序列与反序列(可应用与版本控制,不同版本的类相互兼容或者不兼容)
2.安全性
由于其标准化导致其有泄露的风险(二进制明文,可采用加密的方法)