python cmd窗口保持最前端设置_哪一种是允许在Python命令行中覆盖配置选项的最佳方法？...

I have a Python application which needs quite a few (~30) configuration parameters. Up to now, I used the OptionParser class to define default values in the app itself, with the possibility to change individual parameters at the command line when invoking the application.

Now I would like to use 'proper' configuration files, for example from the ConfigParser class. At the same time, users should still be able to change individual parameters at the command line.

I was wondering if there is any way to combine the two steps, e.g. use optparse (or the newer argparse) to handle command line options, but reading the default values from a config file in ConfigParse syntax.

Any ideas how to do this in an easy way? I don't really fancy manually invoking ConfigParse, and then manually setting all defaults of all the options to the appropriate values...

解决方案

I just discovered you can do this with argparse.ArgumentParser.parse_known_args(). Start by using parse_known_args() to parse a configuration file from the commandline, then read it with ConfigParser and set the defaults, and then parse the rest of the options with parse_args(). This will allow you to have a default value, override that with a configuration file and then override that with a commandline option. E.g.:

Default with no user input:

$ ./argparse-partial.py

Option is "default"

Default from configuration file:

$ cat argparse-partial.config

[Defaults]

option=Hello world!

$ ./argparse-partial.py -c argparse-partial.config

Option is "Hello world!"

Default from configuration file, overridden by commandline:

$ ./argparse-partial.py -c argparse-partial.config --option override

Option is "override"

argprase-partial.py follows. It is slightly complicated to handle -h for help properly.

import argparse

import ConfigParser

import sys

def main(argv=None):

# Do argv default this way, as doing it in the functional

# declaration sets it at compile time.

if argv is None:

argv = sys.argv

# Parse any conf_file specification

# We make this parser with add_help=False so that

# it doesn't parse -h and print help.

conf_parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(

description=__doc__, # printed with -h/--help

# Don't mess with format of description

formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter,

# Turn off help, so we print all options in response to -h

add_help=False

)

conf_parser.add_argument("-c", "--conf_file",

help="Specify config file", metavar="FILE")

args, remaining_argv = conf_parser.parse_known_args()

defaults = { "option":"default" }

if args.conf_file:

config = ConfigParser.SafeConfigParser()

config.read([args.conf_file])

defaults.update(dict(config.items("Defaults")))

# Parse rest of arguments

# Don't suppress add_help here so it will handle -h

parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(

# Inherit options from config_parser

parents=[conf_parser]

)

parser.set_defaults(**defaults)

parser.add_argument("--option")

args = parser.parse_args(remaining_argv)

print "Option is \"{}\"".format(args.option)

return(0)

if __name__ == "__main__":

sys.exit(main())