mysql 索引 面试题_MySQL索引面试题分析（索引分析，典型题目案例）

【建表语句】

create table test03(

id int primary key not null auto_increment,

c1 char(10),

c2 char(10),

c3 char(10),

c4 char(10),

c5 char(10)

);

insert into test03(c1,c2,c3,c4,c5) values('a1','a2','a3','a4','a5');

insert into test03(c1,c2,c3,c4,c5) values('b1','b2','b3','b4','b5');

insert into test03(c1,c2,c3,c4,c5) values('c1','c2','c3','c4','c5');

insert into test03(c1,c2,c3,c4,c5) values('d1','d2','d3','d4','d5');

insert into test03(c1,c2,c3,c4,c5) values('e1','e2','e3','e4','e5');

select * from test03;

【建索引】

create index idx_test03_c1234 on test03(c1,c2,c3,c4);

show index from test03;

问题：我们创建了复合索引idx_test03_c1234 ,根据以下SQL分析下索引使用情况？

1 explain select * from test03 where c1='a1';2 explain select * from test03 where c1='a1' and c2='a2';3 explain select * from test03 where c1='a1' and c2='a2' and c3='a3';4 explain select * from test03 where c1='a1' and c2='a2' and c3='a3' and c4='a4';

1)

explain select * from test03 where c1='a1' and c2='a2' and c3='a3' and c4='a4';

2)

explain select * from test03 where c1='a1' and c2='a2' and c4='a4' and c3='a3';

explain select * from test03 where c4='a4' and c3='a3' and c2='a2' and c1='a1';

3)

explain select * from test03 where c1='a1' and c2='a2' and c3>'a3' and c4='a4';

4)

explain select * from test03 where c1='a1' and c2='a2' and c4>'a4' and c3='a3';

说明：4个索引全部使用，虽然c3在最后，但是mysql可以自动调优。

5)

explain select * from test03 where c1='a1' and c2='a2' and c4='a4' order by c3;

c3作用在排序而不是查找

【索引的两大功能：查找和排序】

6)

explain select * from test03 where c1='a1' and c2='a2' order by c3;

7)

explain select * from test03 where c1='a1' and c2='a2' order by c4;

出现了filesort

8)

8.1

explain select * from test03 where c1='a1' and c5='a5' order by c2,c3;

只用c1一个字段索引，但是c2、c3用于排序,无filesort

8.2

explain select * from test03 where c1='a1' and c5='a5' order by c3,c2;

出现了filesort，我们建的索引是1234，它没有按照顺序来，3 2 颠倒了

9)

explain select * from test03 where c1='a1' and c2='a2' order by c2,c3;

10)

explain select * from test03 where c1='a1' and c2='a2' and c5='a5' order by c2,c3;

用c1、c2两个字段索引，但是c2、c3用于排序,无filesort

explain select * from test03 where c1='a1' and c2='a2' and c5='a5' order by c3,c2;

本例有常量c2的情况，和8.2对比(c2='c2'已经有具体值，为常量时，无需排序)

explain select * from test03 where c1='a1' and c5='a5' order by c3,c2;

filesort出现

11)

explain select * from test03 where c1='a1' and c4='a4' group by c2,c3;

12)

explain select * from test03 where c1='a1' and c4='a4' group by c3,c2;

Using where; Using temporary; Using filesort

【group by表面理解为分组，但是要注意的是，分组之前必排序】

【结论】

【一般性建议】

1、对于单键索引，尽量选择针对当前query过滤性更好的索引

2、在选择组合索引的时候，当前Query中过滤性最好的字段在索引字段顺序中，位置越靠前(左)越好。(避免索引过滤性好的索引失效)

3、在选择组合索引的时候，尽量选择可以能够包含当前query中的where字句中更多字段的索引

4、尽可能通过分析统计信息和调整query的写法来达到选择合适索引的目的