java setter和getter_Java中的setter和getter的意义是什么？

请原谅它的长度，但是这里有两个程序，两者完全相同，但是一个有一个没有setter，getter和构造函数的程序。

我之前已经学过一个基本的C ++类，并且不记得其中的任何一个，而现在我还没有看到它们的意义，如果有人可以用拉面的术语来解释它们的话，我将不胜感激。目前，它们似乎不过是浪费空间，以使我的代码看起来更长，但是老师说它们很重要(到目前为止，就是这样)。

提前致谢！现在是代码：Mileage.java：

package gasMileage;

import java.util.Scanner; //program uses class Scanner

public class Mileage

{

public int restart;

public double miles, gallons, totalMiles, totalGallons, milesPerGallon;

public Mileage(int newRestart, double newMiles, double newGallons,

double newTotalMiles, double newTotalGallons, double newMilesPerGallon)

{

setRestart(newRestart);

setMiles(newMiles);

setGallons(newGallons);

setTotalMiles(newTotalMiles);

setTotalGallons(newTotalGallons);

setMilesPerGallon(newMilesPerGallon);

}

public void setRestart(int newRestart)

{

restart = newRestart;

}

public int getRestart()

{

return restart;

}

public void setMiles(double newMiles)

{

miles = newMiles;

}

public double getMiles()

{

return miles;

}

public void setGallons(double newGallons)

{

gallons = newGallons;

}

public double getGallons()

{

return gallons;

}

public void setTotalMiles(double newTotalMiles)

{

totalMiles = newTotalMiles;

}

public double getTotalMiles()

{

return totalMiles;

}

public void setTotalGallons(double newTotalGallons)

{

totalGallons = newTotalGallons;

}

public double getTotalGallons()

{

return totalGallons;

}

public void setMilesPerGallon(double newMilesPerGallon)

{

milesPerGallon = newMilesPerGallon;

}

public double getMilesPerGallon()

{

return milesPerGallon;

}

public void calculateMileage()

{

Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);

while(restart == 1)

{

System.out.print("Please input number of miles you drove: ");

miles = input.nextDouble();

totalMiles = totalMiles + miles;

System.out.print("Please input number of gallons you used: ");

gallons = input.nextDouble();

totalGallons = totalGallons + gallons;

milesPerGallon = miles / gallons;

System.out.printf("Your mileage is %.2f MPG.\n", milesPerGallon);

System.out.print("Would you like to try again? 1 for yes, 2 for no: ");

restart = input.nextInt();

}

milesPerGallon = totalMiles / totalGallons;

System.out.printf("Your total mileage for these trips is: %.2f.\nYour total gas consumed on these trips was: %.2f.\n", totalMiles, totalGallons);

System.out.printf("Your total mileage for these trips is: %.2f MPG", milesPerGallon);

}

}

Mileagetest.java：

package gasMileage;

public class Mileagetest

{

public static void main(String[] args)

{

Mileage myMileage = new Mileage(1,0,0,0,0,0);

myMileage.calculateMileage();

}

}

现在，对于那些没有二传手的人：

Testmileage.java：

package gasMileage;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Testmileage

{

int restart = 1;

double miles = 0, milesTotal = 0, gas = 0, gasTotal = 0, mpg = 0;

Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);

public void testCalculate()

{

while(restart == 1)

{

System.out.print("Please input miles: ");

miles = input.nextDouble();

milesTotal = milesTotal + miles;

System.out.print("Please input gas: ");

gas = input.nextDouble();

gasTotal = gasTotal + gas;

mpg = miles/gas;

System.out.printf("MPG: %.2f", mpg);

System.out.print("\nContinue? 1 = yes, 2 = no: ");

restart = input.nextInt();

}

mpg = milesTotal / gasTotal;

System.out.printf("Total Miles: %.2f\nTotal Gallons: %.2f\nTotal MPG: %.2f\n", milesTotal, gasTotal, mpg);

}

}

Testmileagetest.java：

package gasMileage;

public class Testmileagetest

{

/**

* @param args

*/

public static void main(String[] args)

{

Testmileage test = new Testmileage();

test.testCalculate();

}

}

再次感谢！