反射

package cn.lee.demo;

import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
import java.lang.reflect.TypeVariable;

public class Main {
/**
* 为了看清楚Java反射部分代码，所有异常我都最后抛出来给虚拟机处理！
* @param args
* @throws ClassNotFoundException
* @throws InstantiationException
* @throws IllegalAccessException
* @throws InvocationTargetException
* @throws IllegalArgumentException
* @throws NoSuchFieldException
* @throws SecurityException
* @throws NoSuchMethodException
*/
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, IllegalArgumentException, InvocationTargetException, SecurityException, NoSuchFieldException, NoSuchMethodException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub

    //Demo1.  通过Java反射机制得到类的包名和类名  
    Demo1();  
    System.out.println("===============================================");  
      
    //Demo2.  验证所有的类都是Class类的实例对象  
    Demo2();  
    System.out.println("===============================================");  
      
    //Demo3.  通过Java反射机制，用Class 创建类对象[这也就是反射存在的意义所在]，无参构造  
    Demo3();  
    System.out.println("===============================================");  
      
    //Demo4:  通过Java反射机制得到一个类的构造函数，并实现构造带参实例对象  
    Demo4();  
    System.out.println("===============================================");  
      
    //Demo5:  通过Java反射机制操作成员变量, set 和 get  
    Demo5();  
    System.out.println("===============================================");  
      
    //Demo6: 通过Java反射机制得到类的一些属性： 继承的接口，父类，函数信息，成员信息，类型等  
    Demo6();  
    System.out.println("===============================================");  
      
    //Demo7: 通过Java反射机制调用类中方法  
    Demo7();  
    System.out.println("===============================================");  
      
    //Demo8: 通过Java反射机制获得类加载器  
    Demo8();  
    System.out.println("===============================================");  
      
}  
  
/** 
 * Demo1: 通过Java反射机制得到类的包名和类名 
 */  
public static void Demo1()  
{  
    Person person = new Person();  
    System.out.println("Demo1: 包名: " + person.getClass().getPackage().getName() + "，"   
            + "完整类名: " + person.getClass().getName());  
}  
  
/** 
 * Demo2: 验证所有的类都是Class类的实例对象 
 * @throws ClassNotFoundException  
 */  
public static void Demo2() throws ClassNotFoundException  
{  
    //定义两个类型都未知的Class , 设置初值为null, 看看如何给它们赋值成Person类  
    Class<?> class1 = null;  
    Class<?> class2 = null;  
      
    //写法1, 可能抛出 ClassNotFoundException [多用这个写法]  
    class1 = Class.forName("cn.lee.demo.Person");  
    System.out.println("Demo2:(写法1) 包名: " + class1.getPackage().getName() + "，"   
            + "完整类名: " + class1.getName());  
      
    //写法2  
    class2 = Person.class;  
    System.out.println("Demo2:(写法2) 包名: " + class2.getPackage().getName() + "，"   
            + "完整类名: " + class2.getName());  
}  
  
/** 
 * Demo3: 通过Java反射机制，用Class 创建类对象[这也就是反射存在的意义所在] 
 * @throws ClassNotFoundException  
 * @throws IllegalAccessException  
 * @throws InstantiationException  
 */  
public static void Demo3() throws ClassNotFoundException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException  
{  
    Class<?> class1 = null;  
    class1 = Class.forName("cn.lee.demo.Person");  
    //由于这里不能带参数，所以你要实例化的这个类Person，一定要有无参构造函数哈～  
    Person person = (Person) class1.newInstance();  
    person.setAge(20);  
    person.setName("LeeFeng");  
    System.out.println("Demo3: " + person.getName() + " : " + person.getAge());  
}  
  
/** 
 * Demo4: 通过Java反射机制得到一个类的构造函数，并实现创建带参实例对象 
 * @throws ClassNotFoundException  
 * @throws InvocationTargetException  
 * @throws IllegalAccessException  
 * @throws InstantiationException  
 * @throws IllegalArgumentException  
 */  
public static void Demo4() throws ClassNotFoundException, IllegalArgumentException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException  
{  
    Class<?> class1 = null;  
    Person person1 = null;  
    Person person2 = null;  
      
    class1 = Class.forName("cn.lee.demo.Person");  
    //得到一系列构造函数集合  
    Constructor<?>[] constructors = class1.getConstructors();  
      
    person1 = (Person) constructors[0].newInstance();  
    person1.setAge(30);  
    person1.setName("leeFeng");  
      
    person2 = (Person) constructors[1].newInstance(20,"leeFeng");  
      
    System.out.println("Demo4: " + person1.getName() + " : " + person1.getAge()  
            + "  ,   " + person2.getName() + " : " + person2.getAge()  
            );  
      
}  
  
/** 
 * Demo5: 通过Java反射机制操作成员变量, set 和 get 
 *  
 * @throws IllegalAccessException  
 * @throws IllegalArgumentException  
 * @throws NoSuchFieldException  
 * @throws SecurityException  
 * @throws InstantiationException  
 * @throws ClassNotFoundException  
 */  
public static void Demo5() throws IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException, SecurityException, NoSuchFieldException, InstantiationException, ClassNotFoundException  
{  
    Class<?> class1 = null;  
    class1 = Class.forName("cn.lee.demo.Person");  
    Object obj = class1.newInstance();  
      
    Field personNameField = class1.getDeclaredField("name");  
    personNameField.setAccessible(true);  
    personNameField.set(obj, "胖虎先森");  
      
      
    System.out.println("Demo5: 修改属性之后得到属性变量的值：" + personNameField.get(obj));  
      
}  
  

/** 
 * Demo6: 通过Java反射机制得到类的一些属性： 继承的接口，父类，函数信息，成员信息，类型等 
 * @throws ClassNotFoundException  
 */  
public static void Demo6() throws ClassNotFoundException  
{  
    Class<?> class1 = null;  
    class1 = Class.forName("cn.lee.demo.SuperMan");  
      
    //取得父类名称  
    Class<?>  superClass = class1.getSuperclass();  
    System.out.println("Demo6:  SuperMan类的父类名: " + superClass.getName());  
      
    System.out.println("===============================================");  
      
      
    Field[] fields = class1.getDeclaredFields();  
    for (int i = 0; i < fields.length; i++) {  
        System.out.println("类中的成员: " + fields[i]);  
    }  
    System.out.println("===============================================");  
      
      
    //取得类方法  
    Method[] methods = class1.getDeclaredMethods();  
    for (int i = 0; i < methods.length; i++) {  
        System.out.println("Demo6,取得SuperMan类的方法：");  
        System.out.println("函数名：" + methods[i].getName());  
        System.out.println("函数返回类型：" + methods[i].getReturnType());  
        System.out.println("函数访问修饰符：" + Modifier.toString(methods[i].getModifiers()));  
        System.out.println("函数代码写法： " + methods[i]);  
    }  
      
    System.out.println("===============================================");  
      
    //取得类实现的接口,因为接口类也属于Class,所以得到接口中的方法也是一样的方法得到哈  
    Class<?> interfaces[] = class1.getInterfaces();  
    for (int i = 0; i < interfaces.length; i++) {  
        System.out.println("实现的接口类名: " + interfaces[i].getName() );  
    }  
      
}  
  
/** 
 * Demo7: 通过Java反射机制调用类方法 
 * @throws ClassNotFoundException  
 * @throws NoSuchMethodException  
 * @throws SecurityException  
 * @throws InvocationTargetException  
 * @throws IllegalAccessException  
 * @throws IllegalArgumentException  
 * @throws InstantiationException  
 */  
public static void Demo7() throws ClassNotFoundException, SecurityException, NoSuchMethodException, IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException, InstantiationException  
{  
    Class<?> class1 = null;  
    class1 = Class.forName("cn.lee.demo.SuperMan");  
      
    System.out.println("Demo7: \n调用无参方法fly()：");  
    Method method = class1.getMethod("fly");  
    method.invoke(class1.newInstance());  
      
    System.out.println("调用有参方法walk(int m)：");  
    method = class1.getMethod("walk",int.class);  
    method.invoke(class1.newInstance(),100);  
}  
  
/** 
 * Demo8: 通过Java反射机制得到类加载器信息 
 *  
 * 在java中有三种类类加载器。[这段资料网上截取] 

    1）Bootstrap ClassLoader 此加载器采用c++编写，一般开发中很少见。 

    2）Extension ClassLoader 用来进行扩展类的加载，一般对应的是jre\lib\ext目录中的类 

    3）AppClassLoader 加载classpath指定的类，是最常用的加载器。同时也是java中默认的加载器。 
 *  
 * @throws ClassNotFoundException  
 */  
public static void Demo8() throws ClassNotFoundException  
{  
    Class<?> class1 = null;  
    class1 = Class.forName("cn.lee.demo.SuperMan");  
    String nameString = class1.getClassLoader().getClass().getName();  
      
    System.out.println("Demo8: 类加载器类名: " + nameString);  
}  

}
/**
*

• @author xiaoyaomeng

*/
class Person{
private int age;
private String name;
public Person(){

}  
public Person(int age, String name){  
    this.age = age;  
    this.name = name;  
}  

public int getAge() {  
    return age;  
}  
public void setAge(int age) {  
    this.age = age;  
}  
public String getName() {  
    return name;  
}  
public void setName(String name) {  
    this.name = name;  
}  

}

class SuperMan extends Person implements ActionInterface
{
private boolean BlueBriefs;

public void fly()  
{  
    System.out.println("超人会飞耶～～");  
}  
  
public boolean isBlueBriefs() {  
    return BlueBriefs;  
}  
public void setBlueBriefs(boolean blueBriefs) {  
    BlueBriefs = blueBriefs;  
}  

@Override  
public void walk(int m) {  
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub  
    System.out.println("超人会走耶～～走了" + m + "米就走不动了！");  
}  

}
interface ActionInterface{
public void walk(int m);
}

个人觉得使用反射机制的一些地方：

1.工厂模式：Factory类中用反射的话，添加了一个新的类之后，就不需要再修改工厂类Factory了
2.数据库JDBC中通过Class.forName(Driver).来获得数据库连接驱动
3.分析类文件：毕竟能得到类中的方法等等
4.访问一些不能访问的变量或属性：破解别人代码