1、写一个脚本，判断当前系统上所有用户的shell是否为可登录shell(即用户的shell不是/sbin/nologin)；分别这两类用户的个数；通过字符串比较来实现；[[email protected] ~]# vim usershell.sh
#!/bin/bash
#
declare -i nologin_num=0
declare -i login_num=0
for i in $(cut -d: -f7 /etc/passwd);do
if [ "$i" == "/sbin/nologin" ];then
let nologin_num++
else
let login_num++
fi
done
echo "The total number of user shell that can‘t login is :$nologin_num"
echo "The total number of user shell that can login is :$login_num"
脚本测试[[email protected] ~]# bash usershell.sh
The total number of user shell that can‘t login is :33
The total number of user shell that can login is :5
[[email protected] ~]# grep -o /sbin/nologin /etc/passwd | wc -l
33
[[email protected] ~]# grep -v /sbin/nologin /etc/passwd | wc -l
5
2、写一个脚本
(1) 获取当前主机的主机名，保存于hostname变量中；
(2) 判断此变量的值是否为localhost，如果是，则将当前主机名修改为www.magedu.com；
(3) 否则，则显示当前主机名；vim hostnametest.sh
#!/bin/bash
#
hostname=$(hostname)
if [ "$hostname" == "localhost" ];then
hostname www.magedu.com
echo "Hostname has changed to www.magedu.com"
else
echo "Current hostname is $hostname"
fi
脚本测试[[email protected] ~]# hostname
localhost
[[email protected] ~]# bash hostnametest.sh
Hostname has changed to www.magedu.com
[[email protected] ~]# hostname
www.magedu.com
[[email protected] ~]# bash hostnametest.sh
Current hostname is www.magedu.com
3、写一个脚本，完成如下功能
(1) 传递一个磁盘设备文件路径给脚本，判断此设备是否存在；
(2) 如果存在，则显示此设备上的所有分区信息；vim devicetest.sh
#!/bin/bash
#
read -p "Please input a device path:" devicepath
if [ -z $devicepath ];then
echo "Usage: Please input a device path"
exit 1
fi
if [ -b $devicepath ];then
fdisk -l $devicepath
else
echo "No such device"
fi
脚本测试[[email protected] ~]# bash devicetest.sh
Please input a device path:
Usage: Please input a device path
[[email protected] ~]# bash devicetest.sh
Please input a device path:/dev/sdb
No such device
[[email protected] ~]# bash devicetest.sh
Please input a device path:/dev/sda
Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000a0ae7
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 1026047 512000 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 1026048 41943039 20458496 8e Linux LVM
4、写一个脚本，完成如下功能
脚本能够接受一个参数；
(1) 如果参数1为quit，则显示退出脚本，并执行正常退出；
(2) 如果参数1为yes，则显示继续执行脚本；
(3) 否则，参数1为其它任意值，均执行非正常退出；vim parametertest.sh
#!/bin/bash
#
read -p "Please input a word(quit|yes):" parameter
while true;do
case $parameter in
quit)
echo "exit the script"
exit 0
;;
yes)
echo "continue to excute the script"
read -p "Please input a word(quit|yes):" parameter
;;
*)
echo "error exit"
exit 1
;;
esac
done
脚本测试[[email protected] ~]# bash parametertest.sh
Please input a word(quit|yes):quit
exit the script
[[email protected] ~]# bash parametertest.sh
Please input a word(quit|yes):yes
continue to excute the script
Please input a word(quit|yes):quit
exit the script
[[email protected] ~]# bash parametertest.sh
Please input a word(quit|yes):
error exit
[[email protected] ~]# bash parametertest.sh
Please input a word(quit|yes):yes
continue to excute the script
Please input a word(quit|yes):
error exit
5、写一个脚本，完成如下功能
传递一个参数给脚本，此参数为gzip、bzip2或者xz三者之一；
(1) 如果参数1的值为gzip，则使用tar和gzip归档压缩/etc目录至/backups目录中，并命名为/backups/etc-20160613.tar.gz；
(2) 如果参数1的值为bzip2，则使用tar和bzip2归档压缩/etc目录至/backups目录中，并命名为/backups/etc-20160613.tar.bz2；
(3) 如果参数1的值为xz，则使用tar和xz归档压缩/etc目录至/backups目录中，并命名为/backups/etc-20160613.tar.xz；
(4) 其它任意值，则显示错误压缩工具，并执行非正常退出；vim compresstest.sh
#!/bin/bash
#
if [ ! -e /backups ];then
mkdir /backups
fi
read -p "Please choose a format of compression(gzip|bzip2|xz):" zip
case $zip in
gzip)
tar -zcf /backups/etc-$(date +%Y%m%d).tar.gz /etc
;;
bzip2)
tar -jcf /backups/etc-$(date +%Y%m%d).tar.bz2 /etc
;;
xz)
tar -Jcf /backups/etc-$(date +%Y%m%d).tar.xz /etc
;;
*)
echo "error compression format"
exit 1
;;
esac
脚本测试[[email protected] ~]# ls /backups
ls: cannot access /backups: No such file or directory
[[email protected] ~]# bash compresstest.sh
Please choose a format of compression(gzip|bzip2|xz):gzip
[[email protected] ~]# bash compresstest.sh
Please choose a format of compression(gzip|bzip2|xz):bzip2
[[email protected] ~]# bash compresstest.sh
Please choose a format of compression(gzip|bzip2|xz):xz
[[email protected] ~]# bash compresstest.sh
Please choose a format of compression(gzip|bzip2|xz):
error compression format
[[email protected] ~]# ls /backups/
etc-20170624.tar.bz2 etc-20170624.tar.gz etc-20170624.tar.xz
6、写一个脚本，接受一个路径参数：
(1) 如果为普通文件，则说明其可被正常访问；
(2) 如果是目录文件，则说明可对其使用cd命令；
(3) 如果为符号链接文件，则说明是个访问路径；
(4) 其它为无法判断；vim pathtest.sh
#!/bin/bash
#
read -p "Please input a path:" path
if [ -f $path ];then
echo "${path} can be visited"
cat $path
elif [ -d $path ];then
echo "${path} can use ‘cd‘ command"
elif [ -h $path ];then
echo "${path} is a access path"
ls -l $path
else
echo "unknown file"
exit 1
fi
脚本测试[[email protected] ~]# bash pathtest.sh
Please input a path:/etc/fstab
/etc/fstab can be visited
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Tue Aug 2 21:31:19 2016
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under ‘/dev/disk‘
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/rhel-root / xfs defaults 1 1
UUID=ce40e87b-854d-42dc-ac50-e1309101c43d /boot xfs defaults 1 2
/dev/mapper/rhel-swap swap swap defaults 0 0
/dev/cdrom/media/cdromiso9660defaults0 0
[[email protected] ~]# bash pathtest.sh
Please input a path:/dev
/dev can use ‘cd‘ command
[[email protected] ~]# bash pathtest.sh
Please input a path:/dev/cdrom
/dev/cdrom is a access path
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 3 Aug 3 2016 /dev/cdrom -> sr0
[[email protected] ~]# bash pathtest.sh
Please input a path:/hello
unknown file
7、写一个脚本，取得当前主机的主机名，判断
(1) 如果主机名为空或为localhost，或为"(none)"，则将其命名为mail.magedu.com；
(2) 否则，显示现有的主机名即可；vim hostnametest2.sh
#!/bin/bash
#
hostname=$(hostname)
if [ -z $hostname -o $hostname == "localhost" -o $hostname == "none" ];then
hostname "mail.magedu.com" && hostname
else
echo "Current hostname is $hostname"
fi
脚本测试[[email protected] ~]# hostname
mail.magedu.com
[[email protected] ~]# bash hostnametest2.sh
Current hostname is mail.magedu.com
[[email protected] ~]# hostname localhost
[[email protected] ~]# bash hostnametest2.sh
mail.magedu.com
[[email protected] ~]# hostname none
[[email protected] ~]# bash hostnametest2.sh
mail.magedu.com
8、写一脚本，接受一个用户名为参数；
(1) 如果用户的id号为0,则显示其为管理员；
(2) 如果用户的id号大于0且小于500, 则显示其为系统用户；
(3) 否则，则显示其为普通用户；vim usernametest.sh
#!/bin/bash
#
read -p "Please input a username:" username
if [ -z $username ];then
echo "Usage: Please input a username"
exit 1
fi
if ! id $username &>/dev/null;then
echo "user doesn‘t exist"
else
userid=$(id -u $username)
if [ $userid -eq 0 ];then
echo "$username is a administrator"
elif [ $userid -gt 0 -a $userid -lt 500 ];then
echo "$username is a system user"
else
echo "$username is a normal user"
fi
fi
脚本测试[[email protected] ~]# bash usernametest.sh
Please input a username:
Usage: Please input a username
[[email protected] ~]# bash usernametest.sh
Please input a username:jack
user doesn‘t exist
[[email protected] ~]# bash usernametest.sh
Please input a username:root
root is a administrator
[[email protected] ~]# bash usernametest.sh
Please input a username:postfix
postfix is a system user
[[email protected] ~]# useradd yuki
[[email protected] ~]# bash usernametest.sh
Please input a username:yuki
yuki is a normal user
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