python中的字典键和值交换,在Python中的字典中交换唯一值的键

a = {0: 'PtpMotion', 1: 'PtpMotion', 2: 'LinMotion', 3: 'LinMotion', 4: 'LinMotion', 5: 'LinMotion', 6: 'LinMotion', 7: 'LinMotion', 8: 'LinMotion', 9: 'PtpMotion', 10: 'LinMotion', 11: 'Wait'}

b = {}

for key, val in a.items():

b[val] = key

print b

What I am trying to do is to swap value of the dictionary for key. But using this code, I lose some information of the dictionary, getting this output:

{'LinMotion': 10, 'PtpMotion': 9, 'Wait': 11}

Why does it happen?

解决方案

Each key can only occur once in a dictionary. You could store a list of indices for each key:

import collections

b = collections.defaultdict(list)

for key, val in a.iteritems():

b[val].append(key)

print b

# {'LinMotion': [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10], 'PtpMotion': [0, 1, 9], 'Wait': [11]}

Edit: As pointed out by ecik in the comments, you could also use a defaultdict(set) (and use .add() instead of .append() in the loop).