平衡二叉树(Balanced Binary Tree)是指一棵二叉树,其中任意节点的两棵子树的高度差不超过 1。常见的平衡二叉树有红黑树、AVL 树等。下面是一个用 Python 实现 AVL 树的简单示例代码:
``` class Node: def init(self, val): self.val = val self.left = None self.right = None self.height = 1
class AVLTree: def insert(self, root, key): # Step 1 - Perform normal BST if not root: return Node(key) elif key < root.val: root.left = self.insert(root.left, key) else: root.right = self.insert(root.right, key)
# Step2 - Update the height of the ancestor node
root.height = 1 + max(self.getHeight(root.left), self.getHeight(root.right))
# Step 3 - Get the balance factor
balance = self.getBalance(root)
# Step 4 - If the node is unbalanced, then try out the 4 cases
# Case 1 - Left Left
if balance > 1 and key < root.left.val:
return self.rightRotate(root)
# Case 2 - Right Right
if balance < -1 and key > root.right.val:
return self.leftRotate(root)
# Case 3 - Left Right
if balance > 1 and key > root.left.val:
root.left = self.leftRotate(root.left)
return self.rightRotate(root)
# Case 4 - Right Left
if balance < -1 and key < root.right.val:
root.right = self.rightRotate(root.right)
return self.leftRotate(root)
return root
def leftRotate(self, z):
y = z.right
T2 = y.left
# Perform rotation
y.left = z
z.right = T2
# Update heights
z.height = 1 + max(self.getHeight(z.left), self.getHeight(z.right))
y.height = 1 + max(self.getHeight(y.left), self.getHeight(y.right))
# Return the new root
return y
def rightRotate(self, z):
y = z.left
T3 = y.right
# Perform rotation
y.right = z
z.left = T3
# Update heights
z.height = 1 + max(self.getHeight(z.left), self.getHeight(z.right))
y.height = 1 + max(self.getHeight(y.left), self.getHeight(y.right))
# Return the new root