java properties 单例_【设计模式：单例模式】使用单例模式加载properties文件

先准备测试程序：

package org.jediael.util;

import static org.junit.Assert.*;

import org.junit.Test;

public class BasicConfigurationTest {

@Test

public void testGetValue(){

BasicConfiguration configuration = BasicConfiguration.getInstance();

assertTrue(configuration.getValue("key").equals("value"));

}

}

其中properties文件中有一行如下：

key=value

优先选择方案三

方式一：懒汉方式

到第一次使用实例时，才加载实例

package org.jediael.util;

import java.io.FileInputStream;

import java.io.FileNotFoundException;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.InputStream;

import java.util.Properties;

public class BasicConfiguration {

private static BasicConfiguration configuration = null;

private Properties pros = null;

public static synchronized BasicConfiguration getInstance(){

if(configuration == null){

configuration = new BasicConfiguration();

}

return configuration;

}

public String getValue(String key){

return pros.getProperty(key);

}

private BasicConfiguration(){

readConfig();

}

private void readConfig() {

pros = new Properties();

InputStream in = null;

try {

in = new FileInputStream(Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader().getResource("")

.getPath() + "search.properties");

pros.load(in);

} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}finally{

try {

in.close();

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

}上述程序中，产生了BasicConfiguration的一个单例。

好处是只有到第一次调用getInstance才生成对象，节省了空间。不足之处在于同步锁导致有可能执行过慢。

2、饿汉方式

package org.jediael.util;

import java.io.FileInputStream;

import java.io.FileNotFoundException;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.InputStream;

import java.util.Properties;

public class BasicConfiguration {

private static BasicConfiguration configuration = new BasicConfiguration();

private Properties pros = null;

public static BasicConfiguration getInstance(){

return configuration;

}

public String getValue(String key){

return pros.getProperty(key);

}

private BasicConfiguration(){

readConfig();

}

private void readConfig() {

pros = new Properties();

InputStream in = null;

try {

in = new FileInputStream(Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader().getResource("")

.getPath() + "search.properties");

pros.load(in);

} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}finally{

try {

in.close();

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

}

由于BasicConfiguration的实例是static，因此，当类被加载时就会初始化，但这样即使并不需要使用此实例，也会被初始化，导致内存空间的浪费。

方式三：

package org.jediael.util;

import java.io.FileInputStream;

import java.io.FileNotFoundException;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.InputStream;

import java.util.Properties;

public class BasicConfiguration {

private Properties pros = null;

private static class ConfigurationHolder{

private static BasicConfiguration configuration = new BasicConfiguration();

}

public static BasicConfiguration getInstance(){

return ConfigurationHolder.configuration;

}

public String getValue(String key){

return pros.getProperty(key);

}

private BasicConfiguration(){

readConfig();

}

private void readConfig() {

pros = new Properties();

InputStream in = null;

try {

in = new FileInputStream(Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader().getResource("")

.getPath() + "search.properties");

pros.load(in);

} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}finally{

try {

in.close();

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

}

由于初始化放在内部类中，只有当此内部类被使用时，才会进行初始化。从而既节省了空间，也无需同步代码。