cobbler安装文档

http://www.zyops.com/autoinstall-cobbler/

1. Cobbler介绍

Cobbler是一个Linux服务器安装的服务，可以通过网络启动(PXE)的方式来快速安装、重装物理服务器和虚拟机，同时还可以管理DHCP，DNS等。

Cobbler可以使用命令行方式管理，也提供了基于Web的界面管理工具(cobbler-web)，还提供了API接口，可以方便二次开发使用。

Cobbler是较早前的kickstart的升级版，优点是比较容易配置，还自带web界面比较易于管理。

Cobbler内置了一个轻量级配置管理系统，但它也支持和其它配置管理系统集成，如Puppet，暂时不支持SaltStack。

Cobbler官网

1.1 Cobbler集成的服务

PXE服务支持

DHCP服务管理

DNS服务管理(可选bind,dnsmasq)

电源管理

Kickstart服务支持

YUM仓库管理

TFTP(PXE启动时需要)

Apache(提供kickstart的安装源，并提供定制化的kickstart配置)

1.2 系统环境准备

[root@linux-node1 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release

CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core)

[root@linux-node1 ~]# uname -r

3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64

[root@linux-node1 ~]# getenforce

Disabled

[root@linux-node1 ~]# systemctl status firewalld

Active: inactive (dead)

[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth0|awk -F "[ :]+" 'NR==2 {print $3}'

192.168.11.100

root@localhost ~]# hostname

localhost.localdomain

# 配置阿里云的epel源

[root@linux-node1 ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo

2. Cobbler安装配置

2.1 安装Cobbler

[root@linux-node1 ~]# yum -y install cobbler cobbler-web dhcp tftp-server pykickstart httpd

[root@linux-node1 ~]# rpm -ql cobbler  # 查看安装的文件，下面列出部分。

/etc/cobbler                  # 配置文件目录

/etc/cobbler/settings         # cobbler主配置文件，这个文件是YAML格式，Cobbler是python写的程序。

/etc/cobbler/dhcp.template    # DHCP服务的配置模板

/etc/cobbler/tftpd.template   # tftp服务的配置模板

/etc/cobbler/rsync.template   # rsync服务的配置模板

/etc/cobbler/iso              # iso模板配置文件目录

/etc/cobbler/pxe              # pxe模板文件目录

/etc/cobbler/power            # 电源的配置文件目录

/etc/cobbler/users.conf       # Web服务授权配置文件

/etc/cobbler/users.digest     # 用于web访问的用户名密码配置文件

/etc/cobbler/dnsmasq.template # DNS服务的配置模板

/etc/cobbler/modules.conf     # Cobbler模块配置文件

/var/lib/cobbler              # Cobbler数据目录

/var/lib/cobbler/config       # 配置文件

/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts   # 默认存放kickstart文件

/var/lib/cobbler/loaders      # 存放的各种引导程序

/var/www/cobbler              # 系统安装镜像目录

/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror    # 导入的系统镜像列表

/var/www/cobbler/images       # 导入的系统镜像启动文件

/var/www/cobbler/repo_mirror  # yum源存储目录

/var/log/cobbler              # 日志目录

/var/log/cobbler/install.log  # 客户端系统安装日志

/var/log/cobbler/cobbler.log  # cobbler日志

2.2 配置Cobbler

[root@localhost script]# systemctl restart httpd

[root@localhost script]# systemctl start cobblerd

[root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler check  # 检查Cobbler的配置

1 : The 'server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than localhost, or kickstarting features will not work.  This should be a resolvable hostname or IP for the boot server as reachable by all machines that will use it.

2 : For PXE to be functional, the 'next_server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than 127.0.0.1, and should match the IP of the boot server on the PXE network.

3 : change 'disable' to 'no' in /etc/xinetd.d/tftp

4 : Some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders, you may run 'cobbler get-loaders' to download them, or, if you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely.  Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, elilo.efi, and yaboot. The 'cobbler get-loaders' command is the easiest way to resolve these requirements.

5 : enable and start rsyncd.service with systemctl

6 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories

7 : The default password used by the sample templates for newly installed machines (default_password_crypted in /etc/cobbler/settings) is still set to 'cobbler' and should be changed, try: "openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here' 'your-password-here'" to generate new one

8 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them

Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.

# 看着上面的结果，一个一个解决。

# 第1、2、6个问题，顺便修改其他功能

[root@linux-node1 ~]# cp /etc/cobbler/settings{,.ori}  # 备份

# server，Cobbler服务器的IP。

sed -i 's/server: 127.0.0.1/server: 192.168.11.100/' /etc/cobbler/settings

# next_server，如果用Cobbler管理DHCP，修改本项，作用不解释，看kickstart。

sed -i 's/next_server: 127.0.0.1/next_server: 192.168.11.100/' /etc/cobbler/settings

# 用Cobbler管理DHCP

sed -i 's/manage_dhcp: 0/manage_dhcp: 1/' /etc/cobbler/settings

# 防止循环装系统，适用于服务器第一启动项是PXE启动。

sed -i 's/pxe_just_once: 0/pxe_just_once: 1/' /etc/cobbler/settings

# 设置新装系统的默认root密码dugu16829987。下面的命令来源于提示6。random-phrase-here为干扰码，可以自行设定。

[root@localhost cobbler]# openssl passwd -1 -salt 'oldboy' 'dugu16829987'

$1$oldboy$5zUBqxvV.xHVstLW3bGms.

[root@linux-node1 ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings

default_password_crypted: "$1$oldboy$5zUBqxvV.xHVstLW3bGms."

# 第3个问题

[root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler get-loaders  # 会自动从官网下载

[root@linux-node1 ~]# cd /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/  # 下载的内容

[root@linux-node1 loaders]# ls

COPYING.elilo     COPYING.yaboot  grub-x86_64.efi  menu.c32    README

COPYING.syslinux  elilo-ia64.efi  grub-x86.efi     pxelinux.0  yaboot

# 第4个问题

[root@localhost loaders]# systemctl start rsyncd

#配置文件

[root@localhost loaders]# vim /etc/rsyncd.conf

[root@localhost loaders]# vim /etc/xinetd.d/tftp

   disable                 = no

[root@localhost loaders]# systemctl start tftp

[root@localhost loaders]# lsof -i:69

COMMAND    PID USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME

systemd      1 root   44u  IPv6  35700      0t0  UDP *:tftp

in.tftpd 11252 root    0u  IPv6  35700      0t0  UDP *:tftp

[root@localhost loaders]# systemctl enable rsyncd

[root@localhost loaders]# cobbler check

The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:

1 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories

2 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them

Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.

2.3 配置DHCP

# 修改cobbler的dhcp模版，不要直接修改dhcp本身的配置文件，因为cobbler会覆盖。

[root@linux-node1 ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template

subnet 192.168.11.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {

     option routers             192.168.11.1;

     option domain-name-servers 192.168.11.100;

     option subnet-mask         255.255.255.0;

     range dynamic-bootp        192.168.11.200 192.168.11.250;

2.4 同步cobbler配置

# 同步最新cobbler配置，它会根据配置自动修改dhcp等服务。

# 同步所有配置，可以仔细看一下sync做了什么。

[root@localhost cobbler]# cobbler sync

task started: 2018-06-24_214245_sync

task started (id=Sync, time=Sun Jun 24 21:42:45 2018)

running pre-sync triggers

cleaning trees

removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images

copying bootloaders

trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.0

trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/menu.c32

trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot -> /var/lib/tftpboot/yaboot

trying hardlink /usr/share/syslinux/memdisk -> /var/lib/tftpboot/memdisk

trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi

trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi

copying distros to tftpboot

copying images

generating PXE configuration files

generating PXE menu structure

rendering DHCP files

generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

rendering TFTPD files

generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp

cleaning link caches

running post-sync triggers

running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*

running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services

running: dhcpd -t -q

received on stdout:

received on stderr:

running: service dhcpd restart

received on stdout:

received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service

running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*

running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*

running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track

running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*

*** TASK COMPLETE ***

# 再看一下dhcp的配置文件。

[root@linux-node1 ~]# less /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

#实际测试没毛用

vim /etc/rc.local

systemctl restart httpd

systemctl restart rsyncd

systemctl restart tftp

systemctl restart cobblerd

systemctl restart dhcpd

#替换为以下开机启动：

systemctl enable httpd

systemctl enable rsyncd

systemctl enable tftp

systemctl enable cobblerd

systemctl enable dhcpd

3. Cobbler的命令行管理

3.1 查看命令帮助

[root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler

usage

=====

cobbler <distro|profile|system|repo|image|mgmtclass|package|file> ...

        [add|edit|copy|getks*|list|remove|rename|report] [options|--help]

cobbler <aclsetup|buildiso|import|list|replicate|report|reposync|sync|validateks|version|signature|get-loaders|hardlink> [options|--help]

[root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler import --help  # 导入镜像

Usage: cobbler [options]

Options:

  -h, --help            show this help message and exit

  --arch=ARCH           OS architecture being imported

  --breed=BREED         the breed being imported

  --os-version=OS_VERSION

                        the version being imported

  --path=PATH           local path or rsync location

  --name=NAME           name, ex 'RHEL-5'

  --available-as=AVAILABLE_AS

                        tree is here, don't mirror

  --kickstart=KICKSTART_FILE

                        assign this kickstart file

  --rsync-flags=RSYNC_FLAGS

                        pass additional flags to rsync

cobbler check    核对当前设置是否有问题

cobbler list     列出所有的cobbler元素

cobbler report   列出元素的详细信息

cobbler sync     同步配置到数据目录,更改配置最好都要执行下

cobbler reposync 同步yum仓库

cobbler distro   查看导入的发行版系统信息

cobbler system   查看添加的系统信息

cobbler profile  查看配置信息

3.2 导入镜像

[root@linux-node1 ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/  # 挂载CentOS7的系统镜像。

[root@localhost cobbler]# ls /mnt

CentOS_BuildTag  GPL       LiveOS    RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

EFI              images    Packages  RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-7

EULA             isolinux  repodata  TRANS.TBL

[root@localhost cobbler]# cobbler import --name centos74 --path=/mnt

task started: 2018-06-24_215101_import

task started (id=Media import, time=Sun Jun 24 21:51:01 2018)

[root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler distro list  # 查看镜像列表4

   centos74-x86_64

# 镜像存放目录，cobbler会将镜像中的所有安装文件拷贝到本地一份，放在/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror下的centos74-x86_64目录下。

[root@localhost cobbler]#  cd /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/

[root@localhost ks_mirror]# ls

centos74  config

[root@localhost ks_mirror]# ls centos74/

CentOS_BuildTag  GPL       LiveOS    RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

EFI              images    Packages  RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-7

EULA             isolinux  repodata  TRANS.TBL

3.3 指定ks.cfg文件及调整内核参数

[root@linux-node1 ks_mirror]# cd /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/

[root@linux-node1 kickstarts]# ls  # 自带很多

default.ks    install_profiles  sample_autoyast.xml  sample_esxi4.ks  sample_old.seed

esxi4-ks.cfg  legacy.ks         sample_end.ks（默认使用的ks文件）        sample_esxi5.ks  sample.seed

esxi5-ks.cfg  pxerescue.ks      sample_esx4.ks       sample.ks

[root@linux-node1 kickstarts]# rz  # 上传准备好的ks文件

[root@localhost kickstarts]# vim centos74-x86_64.cfg

# Cobbler for Kickstart Configurator for CentOS 7 by wang min jie

install

url --url=$tree

text

#lang en_US.UTF-8

keyboard --vckeymap=cn --xlayouts='cn'

lang  zh_CN.UTF-8

#keyboard us

zerombr

bootloader --location=mbr --driveorder=sda --append="crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet"

# Network information

$SNIPPET('network_config')

timezone --utc Asia/Shanghai

authconfig --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512

rootpw  --iscrypted $default_password_crypted

clearpart --all --initlabel

#part /boot --fstype xfs --size 1024

#part swap --size 1024

#part / --fstype xfs --size 20480

#part /data --fstype xfs --grow --size=1024

part /boot --fstype="xfs" --ondisk=sda --size=400

part swap --fstype="swap" --ondisk=sda --size=512

part / --fstype="xfs" --ondisk=sda --size=20480

part /data --fstype="xfs" --ondisk=sda --grow --size=200

firstboot --disable

selinux --disabled

firewall --disabled

logging --level=info

reboot

%pre

$SNIPPET('log_ks_pre')

$SNIPPET('kickstart_start')

$SNIPPET('pre_install_network_config')

# Enable installation monitoring

$SNIPPET('pre_anamon')

%end

%packages

@^minimal

@core

@development

kexec-tools

vim

tree

sysstat

lrzsz

dos2unix

telnet

%end

%addon com_redhat_kdump --enable --reserve-mb='auto'

%end

#%post

#systemctl disable postfix.service

#%end

# 在第一次导入系统镜像后，Cobbler会给镜像指定一个默认的kickstart自动安装文件在/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts下的sample_end.ks。

[root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler list

distros:

   centos74-x86_64

profiles:

   centos74-x86_64

# 查看安装镜像文件信息

[root@localhost kickstarts]# cobbler profile report --name=centos74-x86_64

Name                           : centos74-x86_64

TFTP Boot Files                : {}

Comment                        :

DHCP Tag                       : default

Distribution                   : centos74-x86_64

Enable gPXE?                   : 0

Enable PXE Menu?               : 1

Fetchable Files                : {}

Kernel Options                 : {}

Kernel Options (Post Install)  : {}

Kickstart                      : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/sample_end.ks

2中方式修改默认ks.cfg位置

# 编辑profile，修改关联的ks文件

[root@linux-node1 ~]#  cobbler profile edit --name=centos74-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos74-x86_64.cfg

文件名字要写对，不然报exception on server: 'kickstart not found: None'

也可以直接修改：vim /var/lib/cobbler/config/profiles.d/centos74-x86_64.json，但要重启cobbler才能生效 systemctl restart cobbler

# 修改安装系统的内核参数，在CentOS7系统有一个地方变了，就是网卡名变成ens33这种形式，但是为了运维标准化，我们需要将它变成我们常用的eth0，因此使用下面的参数。但要注意是CentOS7才需要下面的步骤，CentOS6不需要。

###[root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler profile edit --name=centos74-x86_64 --kopts='net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0'

#

#验证一下

[root@localhost kickstarts]#  cobbler profile report --name=centos74-x86_64

Name                           : centos74-x86_64

TFTP Boot Files                : {}

Comment                        :

DHCP Tag                       : default

Distribution                   : centos74-x86_64

Enable gPXE?                   : 0

Enable PXE Menu?               : 1

Fetchable Files                : {}

Kernel Options                 : {}

Kernel Options (Post Install)  : {}

Kickstart                      : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos74-x86_64.cfg

# 每次修改完都要同步一次

[root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler sync

3.4 安装系统

可以很愉快的告诉你到这里就可以安装系统了！

新建一台虚拟机，不解释，开机就可以看到下面的图片了！