http://www.zyops.com/autoinstall-cobbler/
1. Cobbler介绍
Cobbler是一个Linux服务器安装的服务,可以通过网络启动(PXE)的方式来快速安装、重装物理服务器和虚拟机,同时还可以管理DHCP,DNS等。
Cobbler可以使用命令行方式管理,也提供了基于Web的界面管理工具(cobbler-web),还提供了API接口,可以方便二次开发使用。
Cobbler是较早前的kickstart的升级版,优点是比较容易配置,还自带web界面比较易于管理。
Cobbler内置了一个轻量级配置管理系统,但它也支持和其它配置管理系统集成,如Puppet,暂时不支持SaltStack。
Cobbler官网
1.1 Cobbler集成的服务
PXE服务支持
DHCP服务管理
DNS服务管理(可选bind,dnsmasq)
电源管理
Kickstart服务支持
YUM仓库管理
TFTP(PXE启动时需要)
Apache(提供kickstart的安装源,并提供定制化的kickstart配置)
1.2 系统环境准备
[root@linux-node1 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core)
[root@linux-node1 ~]# uname -r
3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64
[root@linux-node1 ~]# getenforce
Disabled
[root@linux-node1 ~]# systemctl status firewalld
Active: inactive (dead)
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth0|awk -F "[ :]+" 'NR==2 {print $3}'
192.168.11.100
root@localhost ~]# hostname
localhost.localdomain
# 配置阿里云的epel源
[root@linux-node1 ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
2. Cobbler安装配置
2.1 安装Cobbler
[root@linux-node1 ~]# yum -y install cobbler cobbler-web dhcp tftp-server pykickstart httpd
[root@linux-node1 ~]# rpm -ql cobbler # 查看安装的文件,下面列出部分。
/etc/cobbler # 配置文件目录
/etc/cobbler/settings # cobbler主配置文件,这个文件是YAML格式,Cobbler是python写的程序。
/etc/cobbler/dhcp.template # DHCP服务的配置模板
/etc/cobbler/tftpd.template # tftp服务的配置模板
/etc/cobbler/rsync.template # rsync服务的配置模板
/etc/cobbler/iso # iso模板配置文件目录
/etc/cobbler/pxe # pxe模板文件目录
/etc/cobbler/power # 电源的配置文件目录
/etc/cobbler/users.conf # Web服务授权配置文件
/etc/cobbler/users.digest # 用于web访问的用户名密码配置文件
/etc/cobbler/dnsmasq.template # DNS服务的配置模板
/etc/cobbler/modules.conf # Cobbler模块配置文件
/var/lib/cobbler # Cobbler数据目录
/var/lib/cobbler/config # 配置文件
/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts # 默认存放kickstart文件
/var/lib/cobbler/loaders # 存放的各种引导程序
/var/www/cobbler # 系统安装镜像目录
/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror # 导入的系统镜像列表
/var/www/cobbler/images # 导入的系统镜像启动文件
/var/www/cobbler/repo_mirror # yum源存储目录
/var/log/cobbler # 日志目录
/var/log/cobbler/install.log # 客户端系统安装日志
/var/log/cobbler/cobbler.log # cobbler日志
2.2 配置Cobbler
[root@localhost script]# systemctl restart httpd
[root@localhost script]# systemctl start cobblerd
[root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler check # 检查Cobbler的配置
1 : The 'server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than localhost, or kickstarting features will not work. This should be a resolvable hostname or IP for the boot server as reachable by all machines that will use it.
2 : For PXE to be functional, the 'next_server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than 127.0.0.1, and should match the IP of the boot server on the PXE network.
3 : change 'disable' to 'no' in /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
4 : Some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders, you may run 'cobbler get-loaders' to download them, or, if you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely. Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, elilo.efi, and yaboot. The 'cobbler get-loaders' command is the easiest way to resolve these requirements.
5 : enable and start rsyncd.service with systemctl
6 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
7 : The default password used by the sample templates for newly installed machines (default_password_crypted in /etc/cobbler/settings) is still set to 'cobbler' and should be changed, try: "openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here' 'your-password-here'" to generate new one
8 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them
Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.
# 看着上面的结果,一个一个解决。
# 第1、2、6个问题,顺便修改其他功能
[root@linux-node1 ~]# cp /etc/cobbler/settings{,.ori} # 备份
# server,Cobbler服务器的IP。
sed -i 's/server: 127.0.0.1/server: 192.168.11.100/' /etc/cobbler/settings
# next_server,如果用Cobbler管理DHCP,修改本项,作用不解释,看kickstart。
sed -i 's/next_server: 127.0.0.1/next_server: 192.168.11.100/' /etc/cobbler/settings
# 用Cobbler管理DHCP
sed -i 's/manage_dhcp: 0/manage_dhcp: 1/' /etc/cobbler/settings
# 防止循环装系统,适用于服务器第一启动项是PXE启动。
sed -i 's/pxe_just_once: 0/pxe_just_once: 1/' /etc/cobbler/settings
# 设置新装系统的默认root密码dugu16829987。下面的命令来源于提示6。random-phrase-here为干扰码,可以自行设定。
[root@localhost cobbler]# openssl passwd -1 -salt 'oldboy' 'dugu16829987'
$1$oldboy$5zUBqxvV.xHVstLW3bGms.
[root@linux-node1 ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings
default_password_crypted: "$1$oldboy$5zUBqxvV.xHVstLW3bGms."
# 第3个问题
[root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler get-loaders # 会自动从官网下载
[root@linux-node1 ~]# cd /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/ # 下载的内容
[root@linux-node1 loaders]# ls
COPYING.elilo COPYING.yaboot grub-x86_64.efi menu.c32 README
COPYING.syslinux elilo-ia64.efi grub-x86.efi pxelinux.0 yaboot
# 第4个问题
[root@localhost loaders]# systemctl start rsyncd
#配置文件
[root@localhost loaders]# vim /etc/rsyncd.conf
[root@localhost loaders]# vim /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
disable = no
[root@localhost loaders]# systemctl start tftp
[root@localhost loaders]# lsof -i:69
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
systemd 1 root 44u IPv6 35700 0t0 UDP *:tftp
in.tftpd 11252 root 0u IPv6 35700 0t0 UDP *:tftp
[root@localhost loaders]# systemctl enable rsyncd
[root@localhost loaders]# cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:
1 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
2 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them
Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.
2.3 配置DHCP
# 修改cobbler的dhcp模版,不要直接修改dhcp本身的配置文件,因为cobbler会覆盖。
[root@linux-node1 ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template
subnet 192.168.11.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
option routers 192.168.11.1;
option domain-name-servers 192.168.11.100;
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
range dynamic-bootp 192.168.11.200 192.168.11.250;
2.4 同步cobbler配置
# 同步最新cobbler配置,它会根据配置自动修改dhcp等服务。
# 同步所有配置,可以仔细看一下sync做了什么。
[root@localhost cobbler]# cobbler sync
task started: 2018-06-24_214245_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Sun Jun 24 21:42:45 2018)
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
copying bootloaders
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.0
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/menu.c32
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot -> /var/lib/tftpboot/yaboot
trying hardlink /usr/share/syslinux/memdisk -> /var/lib/tftpboot/memdisk
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
copying distros to tftpboot
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
rendering TFTPD files
generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: dhcpd -t -q
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
running: service dhcpd restart
received on stdout:
received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
# 再看一下dhcp的配置文件。
[root@linux-node1 ~]# less /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
#实际测试没毛用
vim /etc/rc.local
systemctl restart httpd
systemctl restart rsyncd
systemctl restart tftp
systemctl restart cobblerd
systemctl restart dhcpd
#替换为以下开机启动:
systemctl enable httpd
systemctl enable rsyncd
systemctl enable tftp
systemctl enable cobblerd
systemctl enable dhcpd
3. Cobbler的命令行管理
3.1 查看命令帮助
[root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler
usage
=====
cobbler <distro|profile|system|repo|image|mgmtclass|package|file> ...
[add|edit|copy|getks*|list|remove|rename|report] [options|--help]
cobbler <aclsetup|buildiso|import|list|replicate|report|reposync|sync|validateks|version|signature|get-loaders|hardlink> [options|--help]
[root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler import --help # 导入镜像
Usage: cobbler [options]
Options:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
--arch=ARCH OS architecture being imported
--breed=BREED the breed being imported
--os-version=OS_VERSION
the version being imported
--path=PATH local path or rsync location
--name=NAME name, ex 'RHEL-5'
--available-as=AVAILABLE_AS
tree is here, don't mirror
--kickstart=KICKSTART_FILE
assign this kickstart file
--rsync-flags=RSYNC_FLAGS
pass additional flags to rsync
cobbler check 核对当前设置是否有问题
cobbler list 列出所有的cobbler元素
cobbler report 列出元素的详细信息
cobbler sync 同步配置到数据目录,更改配置最好都要执行下
cobbler reposync 同步yum仓库
cobbler distro 查看导入的发行版系统信息
cobbler system 查看添加的系统信息
cobbler profile 查看配置信息
3.2 导入镜像
[root@linux-node1 ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/ # 挂载CentOS7的系统镜像。
[root@localhost cobbler]# ls /mnt
CentOS_BuildTag GPL LiveOS RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
EFI images Packages RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-7
EULA isolinux repodata TRANS.TBL
[root@localhost cobbler]# cobbler import --name centos74 --path=/mnt
task started: 2018-06-24_215101_import
task started (id=Media import, time=Sun Jun 24 21:51:01 2018)
[root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler distro list # 查看镜像列表4
centos74-x86_64
# 镜像存放目录,cobbler会将镜像中的所有安装文件拷贝到本地一份,放在/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror下的centos74-x86_64目录下。
[root@localhost cobbler]# cd /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/
[root@localhost ks_mirror]# ls
centos74 config
[root@localhost ks_mirror]# ls centos74/
CentOS_BuildTag GPL LiveOS RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
EFI images Packages RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-7
EULA isolinux repodata TRANS.TBL
3.3 指定ks.cfg文件及调整内核参数
[root@linux-node1 ks_mirror]# cd /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/
[root@linux-node1 kickstarts]# ls # 自带很多
default.ks install_profiles sample_autoyast.xml sample_esxi4.ks sample_old.seed
esxi4-ks.cfg legacy.ks sample_end.ks(默认使用的ks文件) sample_esxi5.ks sample.seed
esxi5-ks.cfg pxerescue.ks sample_esx4.ks sample.ks
[root@linux-node1 kickstarts]# rz # 上传准备好的ks文件
[root@localhost kickstarts]# vim centos74-x86_64.cfg
# Cobbler for Kickstart Configurator for CentOS 7 by wang min jie
install
url --url=$tree
text
#lang en_US.UTF-8
keyboard --vckeymap=cn --xlayouts='cn'
lang zh_CN.UTF-8
#keyboard us
zerombr
bootloader --location=mbr --driveorder=sda --append="crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet"
# Network information
$SNIPPET('network_config')
timezone --utc Asia/Shanghai
authconfig --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512
rootpw --iscrypted $default_password_crypted
clearpart --all --initlabel
#part /boot --fstype xfs --size 1024
#part swap --size 1024
#part / --fstype xfs --size 20480
#part /data --fstype xfs --grow --size=1024
part /boot --fstype="xfs" --ondisk=sda --size=400
part swap --fstype="swap" --ondisk=sda --size=512
part / --fstype="xfs" --ondisk=sda --size=20480
part /data --fstype="xfs" --ondisk=sda --grow --size=200
firstboot --disable
selinux --disabled
firewall --disabled
logging --level=info
reboot
%pre
$SNIPPET('log_ks_pre')
$SNIPPET('kickstart_start')
$SNIPPET('pre_install_network_config')
# Enable installation monitoring
$SNIPPET('pre_anamon')
%end
%packages
@^minimal
@core
@development
kexec-tools
vim
tree
sysstat
lrzsz
dos2unix
telnet
%end
%addon com_redhat_kdump --enable --reserve-mb='auto'
%end
#%post
#systemctl disable postfix.service
#%end
# 在第一次导入系统镜像后,Cobbler会给镜像指定一个默认的kickstart自动安装文件在/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts下的sample_end.ks。
[root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler list
distros:
centos74-x86_64
profiles:
centos74-x86_64
# 查看安装镜像文件信息
[root@localhost kickstarts]# cobbler profile report --name=centos74-x86_64
Name : centos74-x86_64
TFTP Boot Files : {}
Comment :
DHCP Tag : default
Distribution : centos74-x86_64
Enable gPXE? : 0
Enable PXE Menu? : 1
Fetchable Files : {}
Kernel Options : {}
Kernel Options (Post Install) : {}
Kickstart : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/sample_end.ks
2中方式修改默认ks.cfg位置
# 编辑profile,修改关联的ks文件
[root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler profile edit --name=centos74-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos74-x86_64.cfg
文件名字要写对,不然报exception on server: 'kickstart not found: None'
也可以直接修改:vim /var/lib/cobbler/config/profiles.d/centos74-x86_64.json,但要重启cobbler才能生效 systemctl restart cobbler
# 修改安装系统的内核参数,在CentOS7系统有一个地方变了,就是网卡名变成ens33这种形式,但是为了运维标准化,我们需要将它变成我们常用的eth0,因此使用下面的参数。但要注意是CentOS7才需要下面的步骤,CentOS6不需要。
###[root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler profile edit --name=centos74-x86_64 --kopts='net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0'
#
#验证一下
[root@localhost kickstarts]# cobbler profile report --name=centos74-x86_64
Name : centos74-x86_64
TFTP Boot Files : {}
Comment :
DHCP Tag : default
Distribution : centos74-x86_64
Enable gPXE? : 0
Enable PXE Menu? : 1
Fetchable Files : {}
Kernel Options : {}
Kernel Options (Post Install) : {}
Kickstart : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos74-x86_64.cfg
# 每次修改完都要同步一次
[root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler sync
3.4 安装系统
可以很愉快的告诉你到这里就可以安装系统了!
新建一台虚拟机,不解释,开机就可以看到下面的图片了!