参考博文http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-25845340-id-2983156.html
/**
* struct irq_desc - interrupt descriptor
* @irq: interrupt number for this descriptor
* @handle_irq: highlevel irq-events handler [if NULL, __do_IRQ()]
* @chip: low level interrupt hardware access
* @msi_desc: MSI descriptor
* @handler_data: per-IRQ data for the irq_chip methods
* @chip_data: platform-specific per-chip private data for the chip
* methods, to allow shared chip implementations
* @action: the irq action chain
* @status: status information
* @depth: disable-depth, for nested irq_disable() calls
* @wake_depth: enable depth, for multiple set_irq_wake() callers
* @irq_count: stats field to detect stalled irqs
* @irqs_unhandled: stats field for spurious unhandled interrupts
* @last_unhandled: aging timer for unhandled count
* @lock: locking for SMP
* @affinity: IRQ affinity on SMP
* @cpu: cpu index useful for balancing
* @pending_mask: pending rebalanced interrupts
* @dir: /proc/irq/ procfs entry
* @name: flow handler name for /proc/interrupts output
*/
struct irq_desc {
unsigned int irq;
irq_flow_handler_t handle_irq;
struct irq_chip *chip;
struct msi_desc *msi_desc;
void *handler_data;
void *chip_data;
struct irqaction *action; /* IRQ action list */
unsigned int status; /* IRQ status */
unsigned int depth; /* nested irq disables */
unsigned int wake_depth; /* nested wake enables */
unsigned int irq_count; /* For detecting broken IRQs */
unsigned int irqs_unhandled;
unsigned long last_unhandled; /* Aging timer for unhandled count */
spinlock_t lock;
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
cpumask_t affinity;
unsigned int cpu;
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_GENERIC_PENDING_IRQ
cpumask_t pending_mask;
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
struct proc_dir_entry *dir;
#endif
const char *name;
} ____cacheline_internodealigned_in_smp;
extern struct irq_desc irq_desc[NR_IRQS];
///
尤entry_armv.s 里面的中断底层汇编可知asm_do_IRQ函数式中断的C语言总入口函数。它在arch/arm/kernel/irq.c中定义
/**
*我们暂且可以认为，绝大部分中断是从汇编跳到本函数处理的。当然，IPI和local_timer不是。
*irq:产生中断的外部中断号。
*regs:被中断打断的寄存器现场。
*/
asmlinkage void __exception asm_do_IRQ(unsigned int irq, struct pt_regs *regs)
{
/**
*将当前正在处理的中断现场保存到每CPU变量__irq_regs中去。
*这样做的目的，是为了在其他代码中，直接读取__irq_regs中的值，找到中断前的现场。
*而不用将regs参数层层传递下去。
*/
struct pt_regs *old_regs = set_irq_regs(regs);
irq_enter();
/*
* Some hardware gives randomly wrong interrupts. Rather
* than crashing, do something sensible.
*/
if (irq >= NR_IRQS) //中断号错误,超过最大中断号
handle_bad_irq(irq, &bad_irq_desc);
elsegeneric_handle_irq(irq);///*这里进行正常的中断处理*/
/* AT91 specific workaround */
irq_finish(irq);
irq_exit();
//恢复__irq_regs每CPU变量的内容。
set_irq_regs(old_regs);
}
include/asm-generic/irq_regs.h
//这个函数就是记录中断现场
static inline struct pt_regs *set_irq_regs(struct pt_regs *new_regs)
{
struct pt_regs *old_regs, **pp_regs = &__get_cpu_var(__irq_regs);
old_regs = *pp_regs;
*pp_regs = new_regs;
return old_regs;
}
///
/**
*中断退出过程，主要处理以下内容:
*1、调试钩子，记录退出中断的事实。
*2、在任务的抢占计数字段中，递减中断计数
*3、处理软中断
*4、调用rcu模块的函数，表示已经退出中断。
*/
/*
* Exit an interrupt context. Process softirqs if needed and possible:
*/
void irq_exit(void)
{
account_system_vtime(current);
trace_hardirq_exit();
sub_preempt_count(IRQ_EXIT_OFFSET);
if (!in_interrupt() && local_softirq_pending())
invoke_softirq();
#ifdef CONFIG_NO_HZ
/* Make sure that timer wheel updates are propagated */
if (!in_interrupt() && idle_cpu(smp_processor_id()) && !need_resched())
tick_nohz_stop_sched_tick(0);
rcu_irq_exit();
#endif
preempt_enable_no_resched();
}
/
/**
*调用irq_enter表示进入中断处理过程。该函数进行如下处理:
*1、rcu模块记录内部计数，表示当前退出了NOHZ状态。关于rcu，需要整整一本书来描述，请从下载了解更多内容。
*2、处理NOHZ事件。
*3、将当前任务的抢占计数中的硬中断计数加1.该计数表示当前中断嵌套层次。
*4、调试信息，表示当前已经进入中断的事实。
*/
/*
* Enter an interrupt context.
*/
voidirq_enter(void)
{
int cpu = smp_processor_id();
if (idle_cpu(cpu) && !in_interrupt()) {
__irq_enter();
tick_check_idle(cpu);
} else
__irq_enter();
}
/
static void s3c_irq_demux_timer0(unsigned int irq, struct irq_desc *desc)
{
s3c_irq_demux_timer(irq, IRQ_TIMER0);
}
//
/* Timer interrupt handling */
static void s3c_irq_demux_timer(unsigned int base_irq, unsigned int sub_irq)
{
generic_handle_irq(sub_irq);
}
//中定义static inline voidgeneric_handle_irq(unsigned int irq)
{//*根据中断描述符中的信息，得到该中断ISR，并处理中断。
generic_handle_irq_desc(irq, irq_to_desc(irq));
}
/*
* Architectures call this to let the generic IRQ layer
* handle an interrupt. If the descriptor is attached to an
* irqchip-style controller then we call the ->handle_irq() handler,
* and it calls __do_IRQ() if it's attached to an irqtype-style controller.
*/
中定义static inline voidgeneric_handle_irq_desc(unsigned int irq, struct irq_desc *desc)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_GENERIC_HARDIRQS_NO__DO_IRQ
desc->handle_irq(irq, desc);
#else
if (likely(desc->handle_irq))desc->handle_irq(irq, desc);//此处调用s3c24xx_init_irq()中set_irq_chained_handler(IRQ_EINT8t23,s3c_irq_demux_extint8)的s3c_irq_demux_extint8()
else
__do_IRQ(irq);
#endif
}
///
handle.c
unsigned int __do_IRQ(unsigned int irq)
{
struct irq_desc *desc = irq_to_desc(irq);
struct irqaction *action;
unsigned int status;
spin_lock(&desc->lock);
/*
* REPLAY is when Linux resends an IRQ that was dropped earlier
* WAITING is used by probe to mark irqs that are being tested
*/
status = desc->status & ~(IRQ_REPLAY | IRQ_WAITING);
status |= IRQ_PENDING; /* we _want_ to handle it */
/*
* If the IRQ is disabled for whatever reason, we cannot
* use the action we have.
*/
action = NULL;
if (likely(!(status & (IRQ_DISABLED | IRQ_INPROGRESS)))) {
action = desc->action;
status &= ~IRQ_PENDING; /* we commit to handling */
status |= IRQ_INPROGRESS; /* we are handling it */
}
desc->status = status;
/*
* If there is no IRQ handler or it was disabled, exit early.
* Since we set PENDING, if another processor is handling
* a different instance of this same irq, the other processor
* will take care of it.
*/
if (unlikely(!action))
goto out;
/*
* Edge triggered interrupts need to remember
* pending events.
* This applies to any hw interrupts that allow a second
* instance of the same irq to arrive while we are in do_IRQ
* or in the handler. But the code here only handles the _second_
* instance of the irq, not the third or fourth. So it is mostly
* useful for irq hardware that does not mask cleanly in an
* SMP environment.
*/
for (;;) {
irqreturn_t action_ret;
spin_unlock(&desc->lock);
action_ret = handle_IRQ_event(irq, action);//通过此函数逐个执行action链表中用户注册的中断处理函数if (!noirqdebug)
note_interrupt(irq, desc, action_ret);
spin_lock(&desc->lock);
if (likely(!(desc->status & IRQ_PENDING)))
break;
desc->status &= ~IRQ_PENDING;
}
desc->status &= ~IRQ_INPROGRESS;
out:
/*
* The ->end() handler has to deal with interrupts which got
* disabled while the handler was running.
*/
desc->chip->end(irq);
spin_unlock(&desc->lock);
return 1;
}
/
handle.c
/**
* handle_IRQ_event - irq action chain handler
* @irq: the interrupt number
* @action: the interrupt action chain for this irq
*
* Handles the action chain of an irq event
*/
irqreturn_thandle_IRQ_event(unsigned int irq, struct irqaction *action)
{
irqreturn_t ret, retval = IRQ_NONE;
unsigned int status = 0;
if (!(action->flags & IRQF_DISABLED))
local_irq_enable_in_hardirq();
do {
ret =action->handler(irq, action->dev_id);
if (ret == IRQ_HANDLED)
status |= action->flags;
retval |= ret;
action = action->next;
} while (action);
if (status & IRQF_SAMPLE_RANDOM)
add_interrupt_randomness(irq);
local_irq_disable();
return retval;
}/
/init/main.c asmlinkage void __init start_kernel(void) --->调用 arch/arm/kernel/irq.c void __init init_IRQ(void)
void __init init_IRQ(void)
{
int irq;
for (irq = 0; irq < NR_IRQS; irq++)irq_desc[irq].status |= IRQ_NOREQUEST | IRQ_NOPROBE;
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
bad_irq_desc.affinity = CPU_MASK_ALL;
bad_irq_desc.cpu = smp_processor_id();
#endif
init_arch_irq();//即为 s3c6410_init_irq
//以下为注释
//set_up.c 中有setup_arch()中有init_arch_irq=mdesc->init_irq;对于S3C2410，S3C2440开发板，中有
MACHINE_START(SMDK6410, "SMDK6410")
/* Maintainer: Ben Dooks */
.phys_io = S3C_PA_UART & 0xfff00000,
.io_pg_offst = (((u32)S3C_VA_UART) >> 18) & 0xfffc,
.boot_params = S3C64XX_PA_SDRAM + 0x100,
.init_irq = s3c6410_init_irq,
.map_io = smdk6410_map_io,
.init_machine = smdk6410_machine_init,
.timer = &s3c64xx_timer,
MACHINE_END//以上为注释
}
//void __init s3c6410_init_irq(void)
{
/* VIC0 is missing IRQ7, VIC1 is fully populated. */
s3c64xx_init_irq(~0 & ~(1 << 7), ~0);
}
//
void __init s3c64xx_init_irq(u32 vic0_valid, u32 vic1_valid)
{
int uart, irq;
printk(KERN_DEBUG "%s: initialising interrupts\n", __func__);
/* initialise the pair of VICs */
vic_init(S3C_VA_VIC0, S3C_VIC0_BASE, vic0_valid);
vic_init(S3C_VA_VIC1, S3C_VIC1_BASE, vic1_valid);
/* add the timer sub-irqs */
set_irq_chained_handler(IRQ_TIMER0_VIC, s3c_irq_demux_timer0);
set_irq_chained_handler(IRQ_TIMER1_VIC, s3c_irq_demux_timer1);
set_irq_chained_handler(IRQ_TIMER2_VIC, s3c_irq_demux_timer2);
set_irq_chained_handler(IRQ_TIMER3_VIC, s3c_irq_demux_timer3);
set_irq_chained_handler(IRQ_TIMER4_VIC, s3c_irq_demux_timer4);
for (irq = IRQ_TIMER0; irq <= IRQ_TIMER4; irq++) {
set_irq_chip(irq, &s3c_irq_timer);
set_irq_handler(irq, handle_level_irq);
set_irq_flags(irq, IRQF_VALID);
}
for (uart = 0; uart < ARRAY_SIZE(uart_irqs); uart++)
s3c64xx_uart_irq(&uart_irqs[uart]);
}
///
/* Note, we make use of the fact that the parent IRQs, IRQ_UART[0..3]
* are consecutive when looking up the interrupt in the demux routines.
*/
static struct uart_irq uart_irqs[] = {
[0] = {
.regs = S3C_VA_UART0,
.base_irq = IRQ_S3CUART_BASE0,
.parent_irq = IRQ_UART0,
},
[1] = {
.regs = S3C_VA_UART1,
.base_irq = IRQ_S3CUART_BASE1,
.parent_irq = IRQ_UART1,
},
[2] = {
.regs = S3C_VA_UART2,
.base_irq = IRQ_S3CUART_BASE2,
.parent_irq = IRQ_UART2,
},
[3] = {
.regs = S3C_VA_UART3,
.base_irq = IRQ_S3CUART_BASE3,
.parent_irq = IRQ_UART3,
},
};
//
static void __init s3c64xx_uart_irq(struct uart_irq *uirq)
{
void *reg_base = uirq->regs;
unsigned int irq;
int offs;
/* mask all interrupts at the start. */
__raw_writel(0xf, reg_base + S3C64XX_UINTM);
for (offs = 0; offs < 3; offs++) {
irq = uirq->base_irq + offs;
set_irq_chip(irq, &s3c_irq_uart);
set_irq_chip_data(irq, uirq);
set_irq_handler(irq, handle_level_irq);
set_irq_flags(irq, IRQF_VALID);
}
set_irq_chained_handler(uirq->parent_irq, s3c_irq_demux_uart);
}include/linux/irq.h中
static inline voidset_irq_chained_handler(unsigned int irq,
irq_flow_handler_t handle)
{
__set_irq_handler(irq, handle, 1, NULL);
}
//
kernel/irq/chip.c
void __set_irq_handler(unsigned int irq, irq_flow_handler_t handle, int is_chained,
const char *name)
{struct irq_desc *desc = irq_to_desc(irq);
unsigned long flags;
desc->handle_irq = handle;
desc->name = name;
if (handle != handle_bad_irq && is_chained) {
desc->status &= ~IRQ_DISABLED;
desc->status |= IRQ_NOREQUEST | IRQ_NOPROBE;
desc->depth = 0;
desc->chip->startup(irq);
}
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&desc->lock, flags);
}
//
static inline struct irq_desc *irq_to_desc(unsigned int irq)
{
return (irq < nr_irqs) ? irq_desc + irq : NULL;
}
///
irq.h中
static inline struct irq_desc*irq_to_desc(unsigned int irq)
{
return (irq < nr_irqs) ? irq_desc + irq : NULL;
}/用户注册中断处理函数：manage.c/**
* request_irq - allocate an interrupt line
* @irq: Interrupt line to allocate
* @handler: Function to be called when the IRQ occurs
* @irqflags: Interrupt type flags
* @devname: An ascii name for the claiming device 传递给request_irq的字符串，用来在/proc/interrupts中显示中断的拥有者
* @dev_id: A cookie passed back to the handler function 用于共享的中断信号线
*
* This call allocates interrupt resources and enables the
* interrupt line and IRQ handling. From the point this
* call is made your handler function may be invoked. Since
* your handler function must clear any interrupt the board
* raises, you must take care both to initialise your hardware
* and to set up the interrupt handler in the right order.
*
* Dev_id must be globally unique. Normally the address of the
* device data structure is used as the cookie. Since the handler
* receives this value it makes sense to use it.
*
* If your interrupt is shared you must pass a non NULL dev_id
* as this is required when freeing the interrupt.
*
* Flags:
*
* IRQF_SHARED Interrupt is shared
* IRQF_DISABLED Disable local interrupts while processing
* IRQF_SAMPLE_RANDOM The interrupt can be used for entropy
* IRQF_TRIGGER_* Specify active edge(s) or level
*
*/在内核中用于申请中断的函数是request_irq()，函数原型在Kernel/irq/manage.c中定义：
int request_irq(unsigned int irq, irq_handler_t handler,unsigned long irqflags, const char *devname, void *dev_id)
irq是要申请的硬件中断号。
handler是向系统注册的中断处理函数，是一个回调函数，中断发生时，系统调用这个函数，dev_id参数将被传递给它。
irqflags是中断处理的属性，若
设置了IRQF_DISABLED
(老版本中的SA_INTERRUPT，本版zhon已经不支持了)，则表示中断处理程序是快速处理程序，快速处理程序被调用时屏蔽所有中断，慢速处理程
序不屏蔽；若设置了IRQF_SHARED
(老版本中的SA_SHIRQ)，则表示多个设备共享中断，若设置了IRQF_SAMPLE_RANDOM(老版本中的
SA_SAMPLE_RANDOM)，表示对系统熵有贡献，对系统获取随机数有好处。(这几个flag是可以通过或的方式同时使用的)
devname设置中断名称，通常是设备驱动程序的名称在cat /proc/interrupts中可以看到此名称。
dev_id在中断共享时会用到，一般设置为这个设备的设备结构体或者NULL。
request_irq()返回0表示成功，返回-INVAL表示中断号无效或处理函数指针为NULL，返回-EBUSY表示中断已经被占用且不能共享。
intrequest_irq(unsigned int irq, irq_handler_t handler,
unsigned long irqflags, const char *devname, void *dev_id)
{
struct irqaction *action;
struct irq_desc *desc;
int retval;
#ifdef CONFIG_LOCKDEP
/*
* Lockdep wants atomic interrupt handlers:
*/
irqflags |= IRQF_DISABLED;
#endif
/*
* Sanity-check: shared interrupts must pass in a real dev-ID,
* otherwise we'll have trouble later trying to figure out
* which interrupt is which (messes up the interrupt freeing
* logic etc).
*/
if ((irqflags & IRQF_SHARED) && !dev_id)
return -EINVAL;
desc = irq_to_desc(irq); //根据中断号来获得关于中断资源的描述
if (desc->status & IRQ_NOREQUEST) //如果中断资源被设置为无法获得。
return -EINVAL;
if (!handler) //--中断必须要有中断处理函数
return -EINVAL;
action = kmalloc(sizeof(struct irqaction), GFP_ATOMIC);
if (!action)
return -ENOMEM;
action->handler = handler;
action->flags = irqflags;
cpus_clear(action->mask);
action->name = devname;
action->next = NULL;
action->dev_id = dev_id;__setup_irq函数，该函数才是真正的将中断注册
retval = __setup_irq(irq, desc, action);if (retval)
kfree(action);
#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_SHIRQ
if (irqflags & IRQF_SHARED) {
/*
* It's a shared IRQ -- the driver ought to be prepared for it
* to happen immediately, so let's make sure....
* We disable the irq to make sure that a 'real' IRQ doesn't
* run in parallel with our fake.
*/
unsigned long flags;
disable_irq(irq);
local_irq_save(flags);
handler(irq, dev_id); //？？？为啥在这里立即调用了中断的handler函数(这是一个参数) 看看宏CONFIG_DEBUG_SHIRQ
local_irq_restore(flags);
enable_irq(irq);
}
#endif
return retval;
}
/manage.c中
__setup_irq函数，该函数才是真正的将中断注册/*
* Internal function to register an irqaction - typically used to
* allocate special interrupts that are part of the architecture.
*/
static int__setup_irq(unsigned int irq, struct irq_desc * desc, struct irqaction *new)
{
struct irqaction *old, **p;
const char *old_name = NULL;
unsigned long flags;
int shared = 0;
int ret;
/*
* The following block of code has to be executed atomically
*/
spin_lock_irqsave(&desc->lock, flags);
p = &desc->action;
old = *p;
if (old) {
/* add new interrupt at end of irq queue */ ？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？、
do {
p = &old->next;
old = *p;
} while (old);shared = 1;
}
if (!shared) {
irq_chip_set_defaults(desc->chip);
/* Setup the type (level, edge polarity) if configured: */
if (new->flags & IRQF_TRIGGER_MASK) {
ret = __irq_set_trigger(desc, irq, new->flags);
if (ret) {
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&desc->lock, flags);
return ret;
}
} else
compat_irq_chip_set_default_handler(desc);
desc->status &= ~(IRQ_AUTODETECT | IRQ_WAITING |
IRQ_INPROGRESS | IRQ_SPURIOUS_DISABLED);
if (!(desc->status & IRQ_NOAUTOEN)) {
desc->depth = 0;
desc->status &= ~IRQ_DISABLED;
desc->chip->startup(irq);
} else
/* Undo nested disables: */
desc->depth = 1;
/* Exclude IRQ from balancing if requested */
if (new->flags & IRQF_NOBALANCING)
desc->status |= IRQ_NO_BALANCING;
/* Set default affinity mask once everything is setup */
do_irq_select_affinity(irq, desc);
} else if ((new->flags & IRQF_TRIGGER_MASK)
&& (new->flags & IRQF_TRIGGER_MASK)
!= (desc->status & IRQ_TYPE_SENSE_MASK)) {
/* hope the handler works with the actual trigger mode... */
pr_warning("IRQ %d uses trigger mode %d; requested %d\n",
irq, (int)(desc->status & IRQ_TYPE_SENSE_MASK),
(int)(new->flags & IRQF_TRIGGER_MASK));
}
*p = new;
/* Reset broken irq detection when installing new handler */
desc->irq_count = 0;
desc->irqs_unhandled = 0;
/*
* Check whether we disabled the irq via the spurious handler
* before. Reenable it and give it another chance.
*/
if (shared && (desc->status & IRQ_SPURIOUS_DISABLED)) {
desc->status &= ~IRQ_SPURIOUS_DISABLED;
__enable_irq(desc, irq);
}
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&desc->lock, flags);
new->irq = irq;
register_irq_proc(irq, desc);
new->dir = NULL;
register_handler_proc(irq, new);
return 0;
mismatch:
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&desc->lock, flags);
return -EBUSY;
}
/arch/arm/kernel/setup.c void __init setup_arch(char **cmdline_p) 调用
early_trap_init(void)arch/arm/kernel/traps.c
void __init early_trap_init(void)
{
// include/linux/autoconf.h #define CONFIG_VECTORS_BASE 0xffff0000
unsigned long vectors = CONFIG_VECTORS_BASE;
extern char __stubs_start[], __stubs_end[];
extern char __vectors_start[], __vectors_end[];
extern char __kuser_helper_start[], __kuser_helper_end[];
int kuser_sz = __kuser_helper_end - __kuser_helper_start;
/*
* Copy the vectors, stubs and kuser helpers (in entry-armv.S)
* into the vector page, mapped at 0xffff0000, and ensure these
* are visible to the instruction stream.
*/
//将_vectors_start到__vectors_start之间的代码拷贝到0xffff0000 memcpy((void *)vectors, __vectors_start, __vectors_end - __vectors_start);
memcpy((void *)vectors + 0x200, __stubs_start, __stubs_end - __stubs_start);
memcpy((void *)vectors + 0x1000 - kuser_sz, __kuser_helper_start, kuser_sz);
/*
* Copy signal return handlers into the vector page, and
* set sigreturn to be a pointer to these.
*/
memcpy((void *)KERN_SIGRETURN_CODE, sigreturn_codes,
sizeof(sigreturn_codes));
flush_icache_range(vectors, vectors + PAGE_SIZE);
modify_domain(DOMAIN_USER, DOMAIN_CLIENT);
}
中断共享
如果开发板上按键的中断已经被另外的驱动程序注册中断了，而我现在又想再注册一次这个中断，这就出现了一个中断号不止对应一个中断函数的情况。注意，这里与硬件上的共享中断不一样，这里是指，当一个中断信号来了，基于，一个中断的到来可以调用多个中断处理程序，与硬件无关。
SA_SHIRQ：这个标志表明多个中断处理程序可以共享一个中断号。
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