mysql interval用法_sql中interval用法总结

interval作为函数时

当interval作为一个函数时，它被当做一个比较函数，即interval()，如interval(4,0,1,2,3,4,5,6)，则在函数中，第一个数4作为被比较数，后面的0,1,2,3,4,5,6为比较数，然后将后面的数字依次与4进行比较，返回小于等于4的个数，所以上述结果为5，注意，只有将4后面的数字从小到大进行排列，interval函数才能正常使用，若排序混乱，可以使用，但会影响最终结果。

interval作为关键字时

当interval作为一个关键字时，表示为时间间隔，常用在date_add()、date_sub()函数中，常用于时间的加减法。

时间的加法

使用date_add函数时

mysql> select date_add('2020-07-20', interval +1 day);

+-----------------------------------------+

| date_add('2020-07-20', interval +1 day) |

+-----------------------------------------+

| 2020-07-21 |

+-----------------------------------------+

1 row in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> select date_add('2020-07-20', interval +1 hour);

+------------------------------------------+

| date_add('2020-07-20', interval +1 hour) |

+------------------------------------------+

| 2020-07-20 01:00:00 |

+------------------------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select date_add('2020-07-20', interval +1 minute);

+--------------------------------------------+

| date_add('2020-07-20', interval +1 minute) |

+--------------------------------------------+

| 2020-07-20 00:01:00 |

+--------------------------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

使用DATE关键字时，需要确定时间的粒度大小，再进行具体时刻的选取，可供选择的时间粒度如下

MICROSECOND

SECOND

MINUTE

HOUR

DAY

WEEK

MONTH

QUARTER

YEAR

SECOND_MICROSECOND

MINUTE_MICROSECOND

MINUTE_SECOND

HOUR_MICROSECOND

HOUR_SECOND

HOUR_MINUTE

DAY_MICROSECOND

DAY_SECOND

DAY_MINUTE

DAY_HOUR

YEAR_MONTH

使用如下

mysql> select DATE '2020-07-20' + interval '1 31' hour_second;

+-------------------------------------------------+

| DATE '2020-07-20' + interval '1 31' hour_second |

+-------------------------------------------------+

| 2020-07-20 00:01:31 |

+-------------------------------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select DATE '2020-07-20' + interval '2' microsecond;

+----------------------------------------------+

| DATE '2020-07-20' + interval '2' microsecond |

+----------------------------------------------+

| 2020-07-20 00:00:00.000002 |

+----------------------------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

时间的减法

与时间的加法使用方式一致，将 + 号换成 - 号就可以

mysql> select date_add('2020-07-20', interval -1 day);

+-----------------------------------------+

| date_add('2020-07-20', interval -1 day) |

+-----------------------------------------+

| 2020-07-19 |

+-----------------------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select date_add('2020-07-20', interval -1 hour);

+------------------------------------------+

| date_add('2020-07-20', interval -1 hour) |

+------------------------------------------+

| 2020-07-19 23:00:00 |

+------------------------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select date_add('2020-07-20', interval -1 minute);

+--------------------------------------------+

| date_add('2020-07-20', interval -1 minute) |

+--------------------------------------------+

| 2020-07-19 23:59:00 |

+--------------------------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

-----------------

mysql> select DATE '2020-07-20' - interval '1 31' hour_second;

+-------------------------------------------------+

| DATE '2020-07-20' - interval '1 31' hour_second |

+-------------------------------------------------+

| 2020-07-19 23:58:29 |

+-------------------------------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select DATE '2020-07-20' - interval '2' microsecond;

+----------------------------------------------+

| DATE '2020-07-20' - interval '2' microsecond |

+----------------------------------------------+

| 2020-07-19 23:59:59.999998 |

+----------------------------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)