LVM 的工作原理
LVM(Logical Volume Manager)逻辑卷管理，是在硬盘分区和文件系统之间添加的一个逻辑层，为文件系统屏蔽下层硬盘分区布局，并提供一个抽象的盘卷，在盘卷上建立文件系统。管理员利用LVM可以在硬盘不用重新分区的情况下动态调整文件系统的大小，并且利用LVM管理的文件系统可以跨越物理硬盘。当服务器添加了新的硬盘后，管理员不必将原有的文件移动到新的硬盘上，而是通过LVM直接扩展文件系统来跨越物理硬盘。
LVM就是通过将底层的物理硬盘封装，然后以逻辑卷的方式呈现给上层应用。当我们对底层的物理硬盘进行操作时，不再是针对分区进行操作，而是通过逻辑卷对底层硬盘进行管理操作。
基础术语
| 物理存储介质(The physical media) | LVM存储介质，可以是硬盘分区、整个硬盘、raid阵列或SAN硬盘。设备必须初始化为LVM物理卷，才能与LVM结合使用 |
| 物理卷PV(physical volume) | 物理卷就是LVM的基本存储逻辑块，但和基本的物理存储介质比较却包含与LVM相关的管理参数，创建物理卷可以用硬盘分区，也可以用硬盘本身 |
| 卷组VG(Volume Group) | LVM卷组类似于非LVM系统中的物理硬盘，一个卷组VG由一个或多个物理卷PV组成。可以在卷组VG上建立逻辑卷LV |
| 逻辑卷LV(logical volume) | 类似于非LVM系统中的硬盘分区，逻辑卷LV建立在卷组VG之上。在逻辑卷LV之上建立文件系统 |
| 物理块PE(physical Extent) | 物理卷PV中可以分配的最小存储单元，PE的大小可以指定，默认为4MB |
| 逻辑块LE(Logical Extent) | 逻辑卷LV中可以分配的最小存储单元，在同一卷组VG中LE的大小和PE是相同的，并且一一相对 |
总结：多个磁盘/分区/raid-->多个物理卷PV-->合成卷组VG-->从VG划分出逻辑卷LV-->格式化LV，挂载使用。
注意：老的Linux在创建PV时，需要将分区类型改为Linux LVM(8e)。但新的系统已经非常智能，即使默认的Linux分区(83)，也可以创建PV。
LVM 的优点
卷组VG可以使多个硬盘空间看起来像是一个大硬盘。
逻辑卷LV可以创建跨多个硬盘空间的分区。
在使用逻辑卷LV时，可以在空间不足时动态调整大小，不需要考虑逻辑卷LV在硬盘上的位置，不用担心没有可用的连续的空间。
可以在线对卷组VG、逻辑卷LV进行创建、删除、调整大小等操作。但LVM上的文件系统也需要重新调整大小。
LVM允许创建快照，用来保存文件系统的备份。
注意：LVM是软件的卷管理方式，RAID是磁盘管理的方法。对于重要的数据使，用RAID保护物理硬盘不会因为故障而中断业务，再用LVM来实现对卷的良性管理，更好的利用硬盘资源。
LVM有两种写入机制：线性(写完一个PV再写下一个PV，默认)、条带(平均)
创建 LVM
1)lvm常用的命令
功能 | PV管理命令 | VG管理命令 | LV管理命令 |
| scan 扫描 | pvscan | vgscan | lvscan |
| create 创建 | pvcreate | vgcreate | lvcreate |
| display 显示 | pvdisplay | vgdisplay | lvdisplay |
| remove 移除 | pvremove | vgremove | lvremove |
| extend 扩展 | vgextend | lvextend | |
| reduce 减少 | vgreduce | lvreduce |
注意：查看命令有scan、display和s(pvs、vgs、lvs)。s是简单查看对应卷信息，display是详细查看对应卷信息。而scan是扫描所有的相关的对应卷。2)环境
添加一个20G硬盘sdb，创建四个2G的主分区
[root@OpsNote ~]# gdisk /dev/sdbGPT fdisk (gdisk) version 0.8.6Partition table scan: MBR: protective BSD: not present APM: not present GPT: presentFound valid GPT with protective MBR; using GPT.Command (? for help): nPartition number (1-128, default 1): First sector (34-41943006, default = 2048) or {+-}size{KMGTP}: Last sector (2048-41943006, default = 41943006) or {+-}size{KMGTP}: +2GCurrent type is 'Linux filesystem'Hex code or GUID (L to show codes, Enter = 8300): 8e00Changed type of partition to 'Linux LVM'Command (? for help): nPartition number (2-128, default 2): First sector (34-41943006, default = 4196352) or {+-}size{KMGTP}: Last sector (4196352-41943006, default = 41943006) or {+-}size{KMGTP}: +2GCurrent type is 'Linux filesystem'Hex code or GUID (L to show codes, Enter = 8300): 8e00Changed type of partition to 'Linux LVM'Command (? for help): nPartition number (3-128, default 3): First sector (34-41943006, default = 8390656) or {+-}size{KMGTP}: Last sector (8390656-41943006, default = 41943006) or {+-}size{KMGTP}: +2GCurrent type is 'Linux filesystem'Hex code or GUID (L to show codes, Enter = 8300): 8e00Changed type of partition to 'Linux LVM'Command (? for help): nPartition number (4-128, default 4): First sector (34-41943006, default = 12584960) or {+-}size{KMGTP}: Last sector (12584960-41943006, default = 41943006) or {+-}size{KMGTP}: +2GCurrent type is 'Linux filesystem'Hex code or GUID (L to show codes, Enter = 8300): 8e00Changed type of partition to 'Linux LVM'Command (? for help): pDisk /dev/sdb: 41943040 sectors, 20.0 GiBLogical sector size: 512 bytesDisk identifier (GUID): 73669B2E-E9FE-47A2-B3CD-D46C74E65860Partition table holds up to 128 entriesFirst usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 41943006Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundariesTotal free space is 25165757 sectors (12.0 GiB)Number Start (sector) End (sector) Size Code Name 1 2048 4196351 2.0 GiB 8E00 Linux LVM 2 4196352 8390655 2.0 GiB 8E00 Linux LVM 3 8390656 12584959 2.0 GiB 8E00 Linux LVM 4 12584960 16779263 2.0 GiB 8E00 Linux LVMCommand (? for help): wFinal checks complete. About to write GPT data. THIS WILL OVERWRITE EXISTINGPARTITIONS!!Do you want to proceed? (Y/N): yOK; writing new GUID partition table (GPT) to /dev/sdb.Warning: The kernel is still using the old partition table.The new table will be used at the next reboot.The operation has completed successfully. [root@OpsNote ~]# partprobe /dev/sdb创建分区sdb1~4时直接装饰Linux类型改为Linux LVM，当然较新的系统不改也没事。
3)创建物理卷 PV
使用pvcreate创建物理卷PV，创建完成后可以查看一下
[root@OpsNote ~]# pvs No device found for PV PriTJy-5Vak-azBL-TM8e-bSVA-ukwO-TZQS1y. PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree /dev/sda2 rhel lvm2 a-- 19.51g 0 [root@OpsNote ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb{1..4} No device found for PV PriTJy-5Vak-azBL-TM8e-bSVA-ukwO-TZQS1y. Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created Physical volume "/dev/sdb2" successfully created Physical volume "/dev/sdb3" successfully created Physical volume "/dev/sdb4" successfully created[root@OpsNote ~]# pvs No device found for PV PriTJy-5Vak-azBL-TM8e-bSVA-ukwO-TZQS1y. PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree /dev/sda2 rhel lvm2 a-- 19.51g 0 /dev/sdb1 lvm2 a-- 2.00g 2.00g /dev/sdb2 lvm2 a-- 2.00g 2.00g /dev/sdb3 lvm2 a-- 2.00g 2.00g /dev/sdb4 lvm2 a-- 2.00g 2.00g[root@OpsNote ~]# [root@OpsNote ~]# pvdisplay No device found for PV PriTJy-5Vak-azBL-TM8e-bSVA-ukwO-TZQS1y. --- Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/sda2 VG Name rhel PV Size 19.51 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB Allocatable yes (but full) PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 4994 Free PE 0 Allocated PE 4994 PV UUID hfBbs0-TTd2-4auS-4Oid-0XxN-Mq8v-jIlaET "/dev/sdb2" is a new physical volume of "2.00 GiB" --- NEW Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/sdb2 VG Name PV Size 2.00 GiB Allocatable NO PE Size 0 Total PE 0 Free PE 0 Allocated PE 0 PV UUID cQ615U-gYbt-wsKI-QKVd-mEDf-uIIG-Q7Jf5z "/dev/sdb1" is a new physical volume of "2.00 GiB" --- NEW Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/sdb1 VG Name PV Size 2.00 GiB Allocatable NO PE Size 0 Total PE 0 Free PE 0 Allocated PE 0 PV UUID ctpvfZ-6yjh-4dzW-dlin-w1Tl-7AZh-UfRYai "/dev/sdb3" is a new physical volume of "2.00 GiB" --- NEW Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/sdb3 VG Name PV Size 2.00 GiB Allocatable NO PE Size 0 Total PE 0 Free PE 0 Allocated PE 0 PV UUID iu1eRv-KRyJ-aiLt-CrCB-AexA-xGFy-HR0zzV "/dev/sdb4" is a new physical volume of "2.00 GiB" --- NEW Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/sdb4 VG Name PV Size 2.00 GiB Allocatable NO PE Size 0 Total PE 0 Free PE 0 Allocated PE 0 PV UUID 7kZzLj-5vGO-pISl-eh5e-8Jxs-9Nb5-Wk4bZG[root@OpsNote ~]# 4)创建卷组VG
使用 vgcreate 创建卷组VG，并且此处可以-s选项指定PE(LE)的大小，(默认PE大小4M)
[root@OpsNote ~]# vgcreate vg1 /dev/sdb1 No device found for PV PriTJy-5Vak-azBL-TM8e-bSVA-ukwO-TZQS1y. Volume group "vg1" successfully created[root@OpsNote ~]# vgcreate vg2 -s 16M /dev/sdb2 No device found for PV PriTJy-5Vak-azBL-TM8e-bSVA-ukwO-TZQS1y. Volume group "vg2" successfully created[root@OpsNote ~]# vgs VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree rhel 1 2 0 wz--n- 19.51g 0 vg1 1 0 0 wz--n- 2.00g 2.00g vg2 1 0 0 wz--n- 1.98g 1.98g[root@OpsNote ~]# vgdisplay vg1 --- Volume group --- VG Name vg1 System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 1 Metadata Sequence No 1 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 0 Open LV 0 Max PV 0 Cur PV 1 Act PV 1 VG Size 2.00 GiB PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 511 Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0 Free PE / Size 511 / 2.00 GiB VG UUID PzoNdT-8XG0-YL5f-UnRk-Md4p-MmTj-MDcpGT [root@OpsNote ~]# vgdisplay vg2 --- Volume group --- VG Name vg2 System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 1 Metadata Sequence No 1 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 0 Open LV 0 Max PV 0 Cur PV 1 Act PV 1 VG Size 1.98 GiB PE Size 16.00 MiB Total PE 127 Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0 Free PE / Size 127 / 1.98 GiB VG UUID 7WK0Oa-NUxz-6H4o-Ep2T-FqOk-UsRK-PDO9mm[root@OpsNote ~]# 注意：PE大，读取速度快，但浪费空间。反之，读取速度慢，但节省空间。类似于socket
另外还可以查看pv，会列出分配情况
[root@OpsNote ~]# pvs No device found for PV PriTJy-5Vak-azBL-TM8e-bSVA-ukwO-TZQS1y. PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree /dev/sda2 rhel lvm2 a-- 19.51g 0 /dev/sdb1 vg1 lvm2 a-- 2.00g 2.00g /dev/sdb2 vg2 lvm2 a-- 1.98g 1.98g /dev/sdb3 lvm2 a-- 2.00g 2.00g /dev/sdb4 lvm2 a-- 2.00g 2.00g[root@OpsNote ~]# 5)创建逻辑卷LV
使用lvcreate创建LV：lvcreate -L lvsize(M，G)|-l LEnumber vgname -n lvname
[root@OpsNote ~]# lvcreate -L 64M -n lv1 vg1 Logical volume "lv1" created[root@OpsNote ~]# lvcreate -l 16 -n lv2 vg1 Logical volume "lv2" created[root@OpsNote ~]# lvs LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert root rhel -wi-ao---- 17.51g swap rhel -wi-ao---- 2.00g lv1 vg1 -wi-a----- 64.00m lv2 vg1 -wi-a----- 64.00m [root@OpsNote ~]# #实验结果不难发现-L 46M 和-l 16创建的分区大小是一致的，PE默认为4M此时再看下pv和vg的使用情况
[root@OpsNote ~]# pvdisplay /dev/sdb1 No device found for PV PriTJy-5Vak-azBL-TM8e-bSVA-ukwO-TZQS1y. --- Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/sdb1 VG Name vg1 PV Size 2.00 GiB / not usable 4.00 MiB Allocatable yes PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 511 Free PE 479 Allocated PE 32 PV UUID ctpvfZ-6yjh-4dzW-dlin-w1Tl-7AZh-UfRYai [root@OpsNote ~]# vgdisplay vg1 --- Volume group --- VG Name vg1 System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 1 Metadata Sequence No 3 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 2 Open LV 0 Max PV 0 Cur PV 1 Act PV 1 VG Size 2.00 GiB PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 511 Alloc PE / Size 32 / 128.00 MiB Free PE / Size 479 / 1.87 GiB VG UUID PzoNdT-8XG0-YL5f-UnRk-Md4p-MmTj-MDcpGT[root@OpsNote ~]# 6)格式化与挂载
注意：在格式化之前需要知道xfs文件系统只支持增大，不支持减小。ext2、ext3、ext4增大减小都支持。
先使用ext4的文件系统格式化
[root@OpsNote ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg1/lv1 mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)文件系统标签=OS type: Linux块大小=1024 (log=0)分块大小=1024 (log=0)Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks16384 inodes, 65536 blocks3276 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user第一个数据块=1Maximum filesystem blocks=336855048 block groups8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group2048 inodes per groupSuperblock backups stored on blocks: 8193, 24577, 40961, 57345Allocating group tables: 完成 正在写入inode表: 完成 Creating journal (4096 blocks): 完成Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成[root@OpsNote ~]# mkdir /lv1[root@OpsNote ~]# mount /dev/vg1/lv1 /lv1/[root@OpsNote ~]# echo "/dev/vg1/lv1 /lv1 ext4 default 0 0" >> /etc/fstab [root@OpsNote ~]# #格式化分区lv1 并挂载到/lv1下面，配置fstab文件开机自动挂载逻辑卷LV扩容(动态扩容)
首先需要确认是否有可用的扩容空间，逻辑卷LV是从卷组VG中创建的，所有在逻辑卷LV扩容前需要查看卷组VG的空间使用情况；在确认有多余空间的情况下，使用lvextend命令的-L选项扩展逻辑卷LV的大小。
[root@OpsNote ~]# vgs VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree rhel 1 2 0 wz--n- 19.51g 0 vg1 1 2 0 wz--n- 2.00g 1.87g vg2 1 0 0 wz--n- 1.98g 1.98g[root@OpsNote ~]# lvs LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert root rhel -wi-ao---- 17.51g swap rhel -wi-ao---- 2.00g lv1 vg1 -wi-ao---- 64.00m lv2 vg1 -wi-a----- 64.00m [root@OpsNote ~]# lvextend -L +100M /dev/vg1/lv1 #扩容100M Extending logical volume lv1 to 164.00 MiB Logical volume lv1 successfully resized[root@OpsNote ~]# lvextend -L 100M /dev/vg1/lv2 #扩容到100M Extending logical volume lv2 to 100.00 MiB Logical volume lv2 successfully resized[root@OpsNote ~]# lvs LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert root rhel -wi-ao---- 17.51g swap rhel -wi-ao---- 2.00g lv1 vg1 -wi-ao---- 164.00m lv2 vg1 -wi-a----- 100.00m [root@OpsNote ~]# 使用df命令查看时，会发现我们文件系统并没有扩展，这是因为文件系统也需要扩容。ext4文件系统扩容使用"resize2fs [逻辑卷名称]"，xfs文件系统扩容使用"xfs_growfs 挂载点"。
[root@OpsNote ~]# df -hT | tail -n 1/dev/mapper/vg1-lv1 ext4 58M 1.3M 53M 3% /lv1[root@OpsNote ~]# lvs LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert root rhel -wi-ao---- 17.51g swap rhel -wi-ao---- 2.00g lv1 vg1 -wi-ao---- 164.00m lv2 vg1 -wi-a----- 100.00m [root@OpsNote ~]# resize2fs /dev/vg1/lv1resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)Filesystem at /dev/vg1/lv1 is mounted on /lv1; on-line resizing requiredold_desc_blocks = 1, new_desc_blocks = 2The filesystem on /dev/vg1/lv1 is now 167936 blocks long.[root@OpsNote ~]# df -hT | tail -n 1/dev/mapper/vg1-lv1 ext4 155M 1.6M 145M 2% /lv1[root@OpsNote ~]# 在RHEL 7版本中还可以使用lvextend命令的-r选项来使文件系统自动扩容
[root@OpsNote ~]# lvs /dev/vg1/lv1 LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert lv1 vg1 -wi-ao---- 164.00m [root@OpsNote ~]# lvextend -L +100M -r /dev/vg1/lv1 Extending logical volume lv1 to 264.00 MiB Logical volume lv1 successfully resizedresize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)Filesystem at /dev/mapper/vg1-lv1 is mounted on /lv1; on-line resizing requiredold_desc_blocks = 2, new_desc_blocks = 3The filesystem on /dev/mapper/vg1-lv1 is now 270336 blocks long.[root@OpsNote ~]# lvs /dev/vg1/lv1 LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert lv1 vg1 -wi-ao---- 264.00m [root@OpsNote ~]# df -hT | tail -1/dev/mapper/vg1-lv1 ext4 252M 2.0M 238M 1% /lv1[root@OpsNote ~]# 卷组VG扩容
卷组的扩容相当简单，一般是LVM空间不够时，添加一块新硬盘时使用
[root@OpsNote ~]# vgs VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree rhel 1 2 0 wz--n- 19.51g 0 vg1 1 2 0 wz--n- 2.00g 1.64g vg2 1 0 0 wz--n- 1.98g 1.98g[root@OpsNote ~]# pvs No device found for PV PriTJy-5Vak-azBL-TM8e-bSVA-ukwO-TZQS1y. PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree /dev/sda2 rhel lvm2 a-- 19.51g 0 /dev/sdb1 vg1 lvm2 a-- 2.00g 1.64g /dev/sdb2 vg2 lvm2 a-- 1.98g 1.98g /dev/sdb3 lvm2 a-- 2.00g 2.00g /dev/sdb4 lvm2 a-- 2.00g 2.00g[root@OpsNote ~]# vgextend vg1 /dev/sdb3 No device found for PV PriTJy-5Vak-azBL-TM8e-bSVA-ukwO-TZQS1y. Volume group "vg1" successfully extended[root@OpsNote ~]# vgs VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree rhel 1 2 0 wz--n- 19.51g 0 vg1 2 2 0 wz--n- 3.99g 3.64g vg2 1 0 0 wz--n- 1.98g 1.98g[root@OpsNote ~]# pvs No device found for PV PriTJy-5Vak-azBL-TM8e-bSVA-ukwO-TZQS1y. PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree /dev/sda2 rhel lvm2 a-- 19.51g 0 /dev/sdb1 vg1 lvm2 a-- 2.00g 1.64g /dev/sdb2 vg2 lvm2 a-- 1.98g 1.98g /dev/sdb3 vg1 lvm2 a-- 2.00g 2.00g /dev/sdb4 lvm2 a-- 2.00g 2.00g[root@OpsNote ~]# 逻辑卷LV缩小
逻辑卷LV缩小命令lvreduce与扩容命令类似，缩减逻辑卷LV请谨慎操作，实例如下：
1)lvreduce命令使用-L选项减少空间，-r选项减少文件系统空间，实现动态调整(ext4文件系统，xfs不支持缩小)
[root@OpsNote ~]# lvs LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert root rhel -wi-ao---- 17.51g swap rhel -wi-ao---- 2.00g lv1 vg1 -wi-ao---- 264.00m lv2 vg1 -wi-a----- 100.00m [root@OpsNote ~]# lvreduce -L 100M -r /dev/vg1/lv1 #100M是减小到，-100M是减小到100MoreDo you want to unmount "/lv1"? [Y|n] yfsck，来自 util-linux 2.23.2/dev/mapper/vg1-lv1: 11/67584 files (9.1% non-contiguous), 14689/270336 blocksresize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)Resizing the filesystem on /dev/mapper/vg1-lv1 to 102400 (1k) blocks.The filesystem on /dev/mapper/vg1-lv1 is now 102400 blocks long. Reducing logical volume lv1 to 100.00 MiB Logical volume lv1 successfully resized[root@OpsNote ~]# [root@OpsNote ~]# df -hT | tail -1/dev/mapper/vg1-lv1 ext4 93M 1.6M 86M 2% /lv1[root@OpsNote ~]# 2)如果不使用-r选项，那么需要卸载挂载点再使用resize2fs调整，但这已经不是动态调整
[root@localhost ~]# df -hH | tail -1/dev/mapper/vg1-lv1 98M 1.6M 89M 2% /lv1[root@localhost ~]# lvs LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert root rhel -wi-ao---- 17.51g swap rhel -wi-ao---- 2.00g lv1 vg1 -wi-ao---- 100.00m [root@localhost ~]# lvreduce -L -20M /dev/vg1/lv1 WARNING: Reducing active and open logical volume to 80.00 MiB THIS MAY DESTROY YOUR DATA (filesystem etc.)Do you really want to reduce lv1? [y/n]: y Reducing logical volume lv1 to 80.00 MiB Logical volume lv1 successfully resized[root@localhost ~]# lvs LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert root rhel -wi-ao---- 17.51g swap rhel -wi-ao---- 2.00g lv1 vg1 -wi-ao---- 80.00m [root@localhost ~]# resize2fs /dev/vg1/lv1 resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)Filesystem at /dev/vg1/lv1 is mounted on /lv1; on-line resizing requiredresize2fs: On-line shrinking not supported[root@localhost ~]# umount /lv1/[root@localhost ~]# fsck -f /dev/mapper/vg1-lv1 fsck，来自 util-linux 2.23.2e2fsck 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)文件系统的大小 (依据超级块) 为 102400 块而设备的物理大小为 81920 块超级块或分区表可能已被损坏！中断? 是[root@localhost ~]# [root@localhost ~]# fsck -f /dev/vg1/lv1fsck，来自 util-linux 2.23.2e2fsck 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)文件系统的大小 (依据超级块) 为 102400 块而设备的物理大小为 81920 块超级块或分区表可能已被损坏！中断? 否第一步: 检查inode,块,和大小第二步: 检查目录结构第3步: 检查目录连接性Pass 4: Checking reference counts第5步: 检查簇概要信息/dev/mapper/vg1-lv1: 11/25688 files (9.1% non-contiguous), 8896/102400 blocks[root@localhost ~]# [root@localhost ~]# resize2fs /dev/vg1/lv1 resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)Resizing the filesystem on /dev/vg1/lv1 to 81920 (1k) blocks.The filesystem on /dev/vg1/lv1 is now 81920 blocks long.[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/vg1/lv1 /lv1/[root@localhost ~]# df -hT文件系统 类型 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点/dev/mapper/rhel-root xfs 18G 2.9G 15G 17% /devtmpfs devtmpfs 985M 0 985M 0% /devtmpfs tmpfs 994M 148K 994M 1% /dev/shmtmpfs tmpfs 994M 8.9M 986M 1% /runtmpfs tmpfs 994M 0 994M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup/dev/sda1 xfs 497M 119M 379M 24% /boot/dev/mapper/vg1-lv1 ext4 74M 1.6M 67M 3% /lv1[root@localhost ~]# [root@localhost ~]# lvs LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert root rhel -wi-ao---- 17.51g swap rhel -wi-ao---- 2.00g lv1 vg1 -wi-ao---- 80.00m [root@localhost ~]# #PS:做缩小实验的时候，系统被搞挂了，所以不是必须最好不要做缩小3)xfs文件系统的实验
[root@localhost ~]# lvs LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert root rhel -wi-ao---- 17.51g swap rhel -wi-ao---- 2.00g lv1 vg1 -wi-ao---- 80.00m [root@localhost ~]# lvcreate -L 100M -n lv2 vg1 Logical volume "lv2" created[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/vg1/lv2meta-data=/dev/vg1/lv2 isize=256 agcount=4, agsize=6400 blks = sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1 = crc=0data = bsize=4096 blocks=25600, imaxpct=25 = sunit=0 swidth=0 blksnaming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=0log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=853, version=2 = sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /lv2[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/vg1/lv2 /lv2/[root@localhost ~]# df -h /lv2文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点/dev/mapper/vg1-lv2 97M 5.2M 92M 6% /lv2[root@localhost ~]# lvextend -L +30M -r /dev/vg1/lv2 Rounding size to boundary between physical extents: 32.00 MiB Extending logical volume lv2 to 132.00 MiB Logical volume lv2 successfully resizedmeta-data=/dev/mapper/vg1-lv2 isize=256 agcount=4, agsize=6400 blks = sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1 = crc=0data = bsize=4096 blocks=25600, imaxpct=25 = sunit=0 swidth=0 blksnaming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=0log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=853, version=2 = sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0data blocks changed from 25600 to 33792[root@localhost ~]# df -hT /lv2文件系统 类型 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点/dev/mapper/vg1-lv2 xfs 129M 5.3M 124M 5% /lv2[root@localhost ~]# lvs /dev/vg1/lv2 LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert lv2 vg1 -wi-ao---- 132.00m [root@localhost ~]# lvextend -L 200M /dev/vg1/lv2 Extending logical volume lv2 to 200.00 MiB Logical volume lv2 successfully resized[root@localhost ~]# xfs_growfs /lv2/meta-data=/dev/mapper/vg1-lv2 isize=256 agcount=6, agsize=6400 blks = sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1 = crc=0data = bsize=4096 blocks=33792, imaxpct=25 = sunit=0 swidth=0 blksnaming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=0log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=853, version=2 = sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0data blocks changed from 33792 to 51200[root@localhost ~]# df -hT /lv2文件系统 类型 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点/dev/mapper/vg1-lv2 xfs 197M 5.3M 192M 3% /lv2[root@localhost ~]# lvs /dev/vg1/lv2 LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert lv2 vg1 -wi-ao---- 200.00m [root@localhost ~]# lvreduce -L -20M -r /dev/vg1/lv2fsadm: Xfs filesystem shrinking is unsupported fsadm failed: 1 Filesystem resize failed.[root@localhost ~]# #xfs文件系统只支持增加不支持缩小卷组VG缩小
卷组VG的缩小，要查看物理卷PV是否被使用，因为无法缩减一个正在使用的物理卷PV
[root@localhost lv2]# cp /etc/passwd /lv2/[root@localhost lv2]# ll /lv2总用量 4-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1911 8月 25 17:04 passwd[root@localhost lv2]# pvs PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree /dev/sda2 rhel lvm2 a-- 19.51g 0 /dev/sdb1 vg1 lvm2 a-- 2.00g 1.72g /dev/sdb2 vg1 lvm2 a-- 2.00g 2.00g /dev/sdb3 lvm2 a-- 2.00g 2.00g /dev/sdb4 lvm2 a-- 2.00g 2.00g[root@localhost lv2]# vgreduce vg1 /dev/sdb1 Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" still in use[root@localhost lv2]# 将/dev/sdb1移出vg1，可以使用pvmove命令移动数据，但必须有足够的空间
[root@localhost ~]# pvmove /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb1: Moved: 11.4% /dev/sdb1: Moved: 28.6% /dev/sdb1: Moved: 100.0%[root@localhost ~]# pvs PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree /dev/sda2 rhel lvm2 a-- 19.51g 0 /dev/sdb1 vg1 lvm2 a-- 2.00g 2.00g /dev/sdb2 vg1 lvm2 a-- 2.00g 1.72g /dev/sdb3 lvm2 a-- 2.00g 2.00g /dev/sdb4 lvm2 a-- 2.00g 2.00g[root@localhost ~]# vgreduce vg1 /dev/sdb1 Removed "/dev/sdb1" from volume group "vg1"[root@localhost ~]# pvs PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree /dev/sda2 rhel lvm2 a-- 19.51g 0 /dev/sdb1 lvm2 a-- 2.00g 2.00g /dev/sdb2 vg1 lvm2 a-- 2.00g 1.72g /dev/sdb3 lvm2 a-- 2.00g 2.00g /dev/sdb4 lvm2 a-- 2.00g 2.00g[root@localhost ~]# 删除LVM
删除LVM步骤：umount卸载-->lvremove移除逻辑卷LV-->vgremove移除卷组VG-->pvremove移除物理卷PV
[root@localhost ~]# umount /lv2/[root@localhost ~]# lvremove /dev/vg1/lv2 Do you really want to remove active logical volume lv2? [y/n]: y Logical volume "lv2" successfully removed[root@localhost ~]# lvs LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert root rhel -wi-ao---- 17.51g swap rhel -wi-ao---- 2.00g lv1 vg1 -wi-ao---- 80.00m [root@localhost ~]# vgremove vg1 Do you really want to remove volume group "vg1" containing 1 logical volumes? [y/n]: y Logical volume vg1/lv1 contains a filesystem in use.[root@localhost ~]# vgs VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree rhel 1 2 0 wz--n- 19.51g 0 vg1 1 1 0 wz--n- 2.00g 1.92g[root@localhost ~]# lvs LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert root rhel -wi-ao---- 17.51g swap rhel -wi-ao---- 2.00g lv1 vg1 -wi-ao---- 80.00m [root@localhost ~]# umount /lv1[root@localhost ~]# lvremove /dev/vg1/lv1 Do you really want to remove active logical volume lv1? [y/n]: y Logical volume "lv1" successfully removed[root@localhost ~]# lvs LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert root rhel -wi-ao---- 17.51g swap rhel -wi-ao---- 2.00g [root@localhost ~]# vgrevgreduce vgremove vgrename [root@localhost ~]# vgremove vg1 Volume group "vg1" successfully removed[root@localhost ~]# pvrepvremove pvresize [root@localhost ~]# pvs PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree /dev/sda2 rhel lvm2 a-- 19.51g 0 /dev/sdb1 lvm2 a-- 2.00g 2.00g /dev/sdb2 lvm2 a-- 2.00g 2.00g /dev/sdb3 lvm2 a-- 2.00g 2.00g /dev/sdb4 lvm2 a-- 2.00g 2.00g[root@localhost ~]# pvremove /dev/sdb1 Labels on physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully wiped[root@localhost ~]# pvs PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree /dev/sda2 rhel lvm2 a-- 19.51g 0 /dev/sdb2 lvm2 a-- 2.00g 2.00g /dev/sdb3 lvm2 a-- 2.00g 2.00g /dev/sdb4 lvm2 a-- 2.00g 2.00g[root@localhost ~]# 本文参考于：https://www.cnblogs.com/diantong/p/10554831.html
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