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6 berkeley - 145 -

struct in_addr {

unsigned long s_addr;

};

ina struct sockaddr_in

struct in_addr

ina.sin_addr.s_addr 4 IP

4 IP #defines

6.5.2

h to n

to Network Short Host

s H-to-n-s htons()

68000

n h to s l IP

stolh() Short to Long Host?

l htons() “Host to Network Short”

4 bytes

l htonl() “Host to Network Long”

8 bytes

l ntohs() “Network to Host Short “

4 bytes

l ntohl() “Network to Host Long “

8 bytes

htonl()

Internet

- 146 - Linux

struct sockaddr_in sin_addr sin_port IP UDP

sin_family sin_port IP UDP sin_family

sin_family

sin_addr

struct sockaddr_in

Linux IP

struct sockaddr_in ina IP 166.111.69.52

IP ina inet_addr()

ina.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr “166.111.69.52” ;

l inet_addr() htonl()

l inet_addr()

–1 255.255.255.255 !!

–1

IP IP ..

Network to ASCII

struct in_addr . ..

inet_ntoa() ntoa

printf “%s”, inet_ntoa(ina.sin_addr) ;

struct in_addr

l inet_ntoa() struct in_addr

l inet_ntoa()

inet_ntoa() static

inet_ntoa() inet_ntoa()

char *a1, a2;

a1 = inet_ntoa(ina1.sin_addr); /* this is 166.111.69.52 */

a2 = inet_ntoa(ina2.sin_addr); /* this is 166.111.69.53 */

printf(“address 1: %s\n”,a1);

printf(“address 2: %s\n”,a2);

address 1: 166.111.69.53

address 2: 166.111.69.53

6 berkeley inet_ntoa() - 147 -

strcpy()

6.6 BSD

Linux

Banding

l socket()

l bind()

l connect()

l listen()

l accept()

l send()

l recv()

l sendto()

l recvfrom()

l close()

l shutdown()

l setsockopt()

l getsockopt()

l getpeername()

l getsockname()

l gethostbyname()

l gethostbyaddr()

l getprotobyname()

l fcntl()

6.6.1

socket

#include

int socket int domain , int type , int protocol ;

- 148 - Linux

int domain int type int protocol socket()

domain AF_INET struct sockaddr_in type

SOCK_DGRAM

socket SOCK_STREAM

types

protocol 0 socket man pages

domain AF_INET

SOCK_STREAM SOCK_DGRAM

socket() –1 errno perror() man

socket()

pages

6.6.2

bind()

socket() socket

l listen()

Telnet a.b.c.d 4000

l connect()

bind()

#include

int bind (int sockfd , struct sockaddr *my_addr , int addrlen) ;

l sockfd socket()

l my_addr struct sockaddr

IP sizeof(struct sockaddr)

l addrlen

#include

#define MYPORT 4000

main()

{

int sockfd ;

6 berkeley - 149 -

struct sockaddr_in my_addr ;

sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0); /* */

/* ! */ */

my_addr.sin_family = AF_INET ; /*

my_addr.sin_port = htons MYPORT ; /*

my_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(“166.111.69.52”) ;

bzero(&(my_addr.sin_zero), 8); /*

/* 0 */

/* bind */

bind (sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&my_addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr) ;

l my_addr.sin_port Linux

l my_addr.sin_addr.s_addr

l man pages

bind()

my_addr.sin_port = 0 ; /* */

my_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY ; /*

s_addr

my_addr.sin_port 0 bind()

INADDR_ANY

my_addr.sin_addr.s_addr INADDR_ANY bind()

IP bind()

INADDR_ANY 00 0

INADDR_ANY #define

INADDR_ANY #define INADDR_ANY 100

my_addr.sin_port = htons(0); /* */

my_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY) ; /* IP */

INADDR_ANY bind

bind() –1 errn

1024 bind() root

1024 65535

- 150 - Linux

bind() bind()

Telnet connect() connect()

166.111.69.52

bind() socket

6.6.3

Telnet

socket()

23 Telnet

Telnet

connect()

#include

int connect (int sockfd, struct sockaddr *serv_addr, int addrlen);

connect()

l sockfd socket()

l serv_addr IP

l addrlen sizeof(struct sockaddr)

#include

#define DEST_IP “166.111.69.52”

#define DEST_PORT 23

main()

{

int sockfd ;

/* */

struct sockaddr_in dest_addr ;

/* */

sockfd = socket AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0 ;

/* */

dest_addr.sin_family = AF_INET ;

/* */

dest_addr.sin_port = htons DEST_PORT ;

6 berkeley - 151 -

dest_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr DEST_IP ;

/* 0 */

bzero(&(dest_addr.sin_zero), 8 ;

/* connect() */

connect(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&dest_addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr));

connect()

–1 errno

bind()

Linux

l socket() send()

l bind() accept()

l listen()

l accept()

l recv()

6.6.4

listen()

listen() accept()

listen()

#include

int listen(int sockfd, int backlog);

listen() socket()

l sockfd –1

l backlog

backlog

listen accept() accept()

accept() backlog

listen()

5 10

listen()

errno

bind()

- 152 - Linux

socket() ; accept() */

bind() ;

listen() ;

listen() accept()

listen()

6.6.5 accept() connect()

l listen() accept()

listen backlog

listen()

l accept()

accept()

listen() recv()

send()

accept()

#include

int accept(int sockfd, void *addr, int *addrlen);

accept() listen()

l sockfd struct sockaddr_in

l addr

l addrlen accept()

sizeof(struct sockaddr_in) accept() addr addrlen bytes

accept() addr addrlen accept() addrlen

accept() accept() –1

errno

#include

/* */

6 berkeley - 153 -

#define MYPORT 4000

/* accept() */

#define BACKLOG 10 sock_fd new_fd */

main()

{

int sockfd, new_fd ;

/* */

struct sockaddr_in my_addr ;

/* */

struct sockaddr_in their_addr ;

int sin_size; */

sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0) ;

/* */

my_addr.sin_family = AF_INET ;

/* */

my_addr.sin_port = htons(MYPORT) ;

/* IP */

my_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY ;

/* */

bzero(&(my_addr.sin_zero), 8) ;

/* */

bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&my_addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr));

listen(sockfd, BACKLOG);

sin_size = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);

new_fd = accept(sockfd, &their_addr, &sin_size);

new_fd send() recv()

close())

sock_fd

- 154 - socket() Linux

connect()

l write()

l read()

6.6.6

sendto() recvfrom()

send()

#include

int send(int sockfd, const void *msg, int len, int flags);

send

l sockfd

l msg

l len

l flags 0 send man pages

send()

char *msg = “Hello! World!”;

int len, bytes_sent;

len = strlen(msg);

bytes_sent = send(sockfd, msg, len, 0);

send() send() send()

send() –1

send() recv()

send() len

1K send()

send()

errno

recv()

#include

6 berkeley - 155 -

int recv(int sockfd, void *buf, int len, unsigned int flags ; recv()

buf errno

recv() 0

l sockfd

l buf

l len

l flags recv()

man pages

recv()

–1

Ya! Linux

UDP

6.6.7

sendto() recvfrom()

#include

int sendto int sockfd, const void *msg, int len, unsigned int flags,

const struct sockaddr *to, int tolen ;

l sockfd send()

l msg 0 send man pages

l len

l flags

l to struct sockaddr IP

l tolen struct sockaddr sizeof(struct sockaddr)

send() sendto() send()

–1

errno

recv() recvfrom()

recvfrom()

#include

- 156 - Linux

#include

int recvfrom(int sockfd, void *buf, int len, unsigned int flags

struct sockaddr *from, int *fromlen);

l sockfd 0 recv()

l buf struct sockaddr

l len IP

l flags recv()

sizeof struct

man pages struct sockaddr

l from

l fromlen int form

sockaddr formlen

recvfrom() –1 errno

flags ,

(timeout)

(man pages) recvfrom

send() recv()

cnnect()

send() recv()

6.6.8 close()

close(sockfd);

close()

shutdown() shutdown()

#include 1

int shutdown int sockfd, int how ;

l sockfd 0

l how

2 close() 6 berkeley - 157 -

shutdown() –1

errno shutdown()

UDP connect() bug

socket

6.6.9

Linux

Linux bind() getsockopt()

Linux/UNIX options setsockopt()

Linux

setsockopt()

#include

int getsockopt(int sockfd, int level, int name, char *value, int *optlen);

int setsockopt(int sockfd, int level, int name, char *value, int *optlen);

l sockfd protocol level TCP/IP IPPROTO_TCP

l level

l name SOL_SOCKET setsockopt()

l value man page

l optlen

getsockopt()

Linux

setsockopt()

/* */

opt = 1; len = sizeof(opt);

/* */

setsockopt(sockfd,SOL_SOCKET,SO_REUSEADDR,&opt,&len);

setsockopt() man pages

6.6.10

- 158 - Linux

#include

int getpeername(int sockfd, struct sockaddr *addr, int *addrlen);

l sockfd struct sockaddr struct sockaddr_in

l addr int sizeof(struct sockaddr)

l addrlen –1

errno inet_ntoa() gethostbyaddr()

6.6.11 getpeername()

gethostbyname()

gethostname()

–1 errno

#include

int gethostname(char *hostname, size_t size);

l hostname

l size hostname

6.7

6.7.1

DNS DNS Domain Name Service IP

bind() connect() sendto()

$ telnet bbs.tsinghua.edu.cn

Telnet 202.112.58.200 DNS

6.7.2 gethostbyname()

DNS

6 berkeley - 159 -

#include Struct hostent

struct hostent *gethostbyname(const char *name);

struct hostent

struct hostent {

char *h_name;

char **h_aliases;

int h_addrtype;

int h_length;

char **h_addr_list;

};

#define h_addr h_addr_list[0]

l h_name NULL AF_INET

l h_aliases 0

l h_addrtype

l h_length

l h_addr_list

l h_addr - h_addr_list struct hostent NULL

gethostbyname() h_errno herror()

errno

6.7.3

#include

int

main (int argc, char *argv[])

{

struct hostent *h;

/* */

- 160 - Linux

if (argc != 2)

/* */

fprintf (stderr “usage: getip address\n”);

/* */

exit(1);

}

/* */ */

if (h=gethostbyname(argv[1])) == NULL

{

/* gethostbyname

herror(“gethostbyname”);

/* */

exit(1);

}

/* */

printf(“Host name : %s\n”, h->h_name);

printf(“IP Address : %s\n”, inet_ntoa (*((struct in_addr *)h->h_addr)) ;

/* */

return 0;

} perror()

gethostbyname()

h_errno errno herror()

gethostbyname()

bbs.tsinghua.edu.cn struct hostent IP

h->h_addr char* inet_ntoa() struct in_addr

h->h_addr struct in_addr*

6.8

Telnet 23

Telnetd login

SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_DGRAM

6 berkeley - 161 -

telnet/telnetd ftp/ftpd bootp/bootpd ftp

ftpd

fork()

6.8.1

$ telnet remotehostname 4000 Hello,World!

remotehostname telnet

#include */ if ((sockfd =

#include

/* */

#define MYPORT 4000

/* accept */

#define BACKLOG 10

main()

{ new_fd */

/* sock_fd socket()

int sock_fd, new_fd ;

/* */

struct sockaddr_in my_addr;

/* */

struct sockaddr_in their_addr;

int sin_size;

- 162 - Linux

socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == -1)

{

/* */

perror(“socket”);

exit(1);

}

/* */

my_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;

/* */

my_addr.sin_port = htons(MYPORT);

/* IP s_addr */

my_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;

/* */ */ if (bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&my_addr,

bzero(&(my_addr.sin_zero), 8); */

sizeof(struct sockaddr)) == -1)

{

/* bind()

perror(“bind”);

exit(1);

}

/* */

if (listen(sockfd, BACKLOG) == -1)

{ */

/* listen

perror(“listen”);

exit(1);

}

while(1)

{

/* accept() */

sin_size = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);

/* */

6 berkeley - 163 -

if ((new_fd = accept(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&their_addr, &sin_size)) == -1)

{

/* accept() */

perror(“accept”);

continue;

}

/* */

printf “server: got connection from %s\n”, inet_ntoa(their_addr.sin_addr) ;

/* */

if (!fork())

/* */

if (send(new_fd, “Hello, world!\n”, 14, 0) == -1)

{ */

perror(“send”);

close(new_fd);

exit(0);

} */

/* new_fd

close(new_fd);

}

/* */

while(waitpid(-1,NULL,WNOHANG) > 0);

}

main()

6.8.2 Hello, World!

connect()

4000

#include

- 164 - Linux

#include

/* */

#define PORT 4000

/* */

#define MAXDATASIZE 100

int

main(int argc, char *argv[])

{

/* */

int sockfd, numbytes;

char buf[MAXDATASIZE];

struct hostent *he;

/* */

struct sockaddr_in their_addr;

/* */ */

if (argc != 2)

{

fprintf(stderr,“usage: client hostname\n”);

exit(1);

}

/* */

if ((he=gethostbyname(argv[1])) == NULL)

/* gethostbyname() */

herror(“gethostbyname”);

exit(1);

}

if ((sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == -1) {

/* socket() */

perror(“socket”);

exit(1);

}

6 berkeley - 165 -

/* */

their_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;

/* */

their_addr.sin_port = htons(PORT);

their_addr.sin_addr = *((struct in_addr *)he->h_addr);

/* */

bzero(&(their_addr.sin_zero), 8);

if connect(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&their_addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr)) == -1

{

/* connect() */

perror(“connect”);

exit(1);

}

if (numbytes=recv(sockfd, buf, MAXDATASIZE, 0)) == -1

{

/* */

perror(“recv”);

exit(1);

}

buf[numbytes] = ‘\0’; server client “Connection

printf(“Received: %s”,buf);

close(sockfd); 5000 5000 talker.c

return 0;

}

client

refused”

6.8.3

listener.c

listener

talker UDP

listener.c

#include

- 166 - Linux

#include

/* */

#define MYPORT 5000

/* */

#define MAXBUFLEN 100

main()

{

int sockfd;

/* */

struct sockaddr_in my_addr;

/* */

struct sockaddr_in their_addr;

int addr_len, numbytes;

char buf[MAXBUFLEN];

/* */

if (sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) == -1

{

/* */

perror(“socket”);

exit(1);

}

/* */

my_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;

/* */

my_addr.sin_port = htons(MYPORT);

/* IP */

my_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;

6 berkeley - 167 -

/* */

bzero(&(my_addr.sin_zero), 8);

/* */

if (bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&my_addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr)) == -1)

{

/* */

perror(“bind”);

exit(1);

}

addr_len = sizeof(struct sockaddr);

/* */

if ((numbytes=recvfrom(sockfd, buf, MAXBUFLEN, 0,

(struct sockaddr *)&their_addr, &addr_len)) == -1)

{

/* recvfrom() */

perror(“recvfrom”);

exit(1);

}

/* */

printf(“got packet from %s\n”,inet_ntoa(their_addr.sin_addr));

printf(“packet is %d bytes long\n”,numbytes);

buf[numbytes] = ‘\0’;

printf(“packet contains \”%s\“\n”,buf);

/* */ SOCK_DGRAM

close(sockfd);

}

socket()

listen() accept()

talker.c

#include

- 168 - Linux

#include

/* */

#define MYPORT 5000

int main(int argc, char *argv[])

{

int sockfd;

/* */

struct sockaddr_in their_addr;

struct hostent *he;

int numbytes;

if (argc != 3) */

{

fprintf(stderr,“usage: talker hostname message\n”);

exit(1);

}

if ((he=gethostbyname(argv[1])) == NULL) */

{

herror(“gethostbyname”);

exit(1);

}

if (sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) == -1)

{

/* */

perror (“socket”);

exit(1);

}

/* */

their_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;

/* */

6 berkeley - 169 -

their_addr.sin_port = htons(MYPORT);

their_addr.sin_addr = *((struct in_addr *)he->h_addr);

/* */

bzero(&(their_addr.sin_zero), 8);

if ((numbytes=sendto(sockfd, argv[2], strlen(argv[2]), 0,

(struct sockaddr *)&their_addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr))) == -1)

{

/* */

perror(“recvfrom”);

exit(1);

}

printf(“sent %d bytes to %s\n”,numbytes,inet_ntoa(their_addr.sin_addr));

/* */

close(sockfd);

return 0;

}

listener

talker

talker talker connect() listener

sent() recv() talker connect()

6.9

6.9.1

TCP UDP

1 255 1

255 IP TCP

TCP

- 170 - Linux

6.9.2 23 25 25

23 1024 Root

1024

RedHat 6.0 /etc/services

[root@bbs /etc]# cat /etc/services

# /etc/services:

# $Id: services,v 1.4 1997/05/20 19:41:21 tobias Exp $

# Network services, Internet style

# Note that it is presently the policy of IANA to assign a single well-known

# port number for both TCP and UDP; hence, most entries here have two entries

# even if the protocol doesn‘t support UDP operations.

# Updated from RFC 1700, “Assigned Numbers”(October 1994). Not all ports

# are included, only the more common ones.

tcpmux 1/tcp # TCP port service multiplexer

ztelnet 2/tcp

echo 7/tcp

echo 7/udp

discard 9/tcp sink null

discard 9/udp sink null

systat 11/tcp users

daytime 13/tcp

daytime 13/udp

netstat 15/tcp quote

qotd 17/tcp

msp 18/tcp # message send protocol

msp 18/udp # message send protocol

chargen 19/tcp ttytst source

chargen 19/udp ttytst source

ftp-data 20/tcp

ftp 21/tcp

6 berkeley - 171 -

fsp 21/udp fspd

ssh 22/tcp # SSH Remote Login Protocol

ssh 22/udp # SSH Remote Login Protocol

telnet 23/tcp

#stelnet 30/tcp

# 24 - private

smtp 25/tcp mail

# 26 - unassigned timserver

timserver

time 37/tcp resource

name

time 37/udp

rlp 39/udp # resource location

# IEN 116

nameserver 42/tcp

whois 43/tcp nicname

re-mail-ck 50/tcp nameserver # Remote Mail Checking Protocol

re-mail-ck 50/udp nameserver # Remote Mail Checking Protocol

domain

domain 53/tcp # name-domain server

mtp 53/udp

bootps 57/tcp # deprecated

bootps 67/tcp # BOOTP server

bootpc 67/udp

bootpc 68/tcp # BOOTP client

tftp 68/udp

gopher 69/udp # Internet Gopher

gopher 70/tcp

rje 70/udp netrjs

finger 77/tcp

www 79/tcp http # WorldWideWeb HTTP

www 80/tcp # HyperText Transfer Protocol

link 80/udp

kerberos 87/tcp ttylink

kerberos 88/tcp kerberos5 krb5 # Kerberos v5

supdup 88/udp kerberos5 krb5 # Kerberos v5

95/tcp

# 100 - reserved

hostnames 101/tcp hostname # usually from sri-nic

tsap # part of ISODE.

iso-tsap 102/tcp cso-ns # also used by CSO name server

csnet-ns 105/tcp

csnet-ns 105/udp cso-ns

# unfortunately the poppassd (Eudora) uses a port which has already

- 172 - Linux

# been assigned to a different service. We list the poppassd as an

# alias here. This should work for programs asking for this service.

# (due to a bug in inetd the 3com-tsmux line is disabled)

#3com-tsmux 106/tcp poppassd

#3com-tsmux 106/udp poppassd

rtelnet 107/tcp # Remote Telnet

rtelnet 107/udp

pop-2 109/tcp postoffice # POP version 2

pop-2 109/udp

pop-3 110/tcp # POP version 3

pop-3 110/udp

sunrpc 111/tcp portmapper # RPC 4.0 portmapper TCP

sunrpc 111/udp portmapper # RPC 4.0 portmapper UDP

#by zixia RPC 111/tcp portmapper # RPC 4.0 portmapper TCP

#RPC 111/udp portmapper # RPC 4.0 portmapper UDP

auth 113/tcp authentication tap ident

sftp 115/tcp

uucp-path 117/tcp

nntp 119/tcp readnews untp # USENET News Transfer Protocol

ntp 123/tcp

ntp 123/udp # Network Time Protocol

netbios-ns 137/tcp # NETBIOS Name Service

netbios-ns 137/udp

netbios-dgm 138/tcp # NETBIOS Datagram Service

netbios-dgm 138/udp

netbios-ssn 139/tcp # NETBIOS session service

netbios-ssn 139/udp

imap2 143/tcp imap # Interim Mail Access Proto v2

imap2 143/udp imap

snmp 161/udp # Simple Net Mgmt Proto

snmp-trap 162/udp snmptrap # Traps for SNMP

cmip-man 163/tcp # ISO mgmt over IP (CMOT)

cmip-man 163/udp

cmip-agent 164/tcp

cmip-agent 164/udp

xdmcp 177/tcp # X Display Mgr. Control Proto

xdmcp 177/udp

nextstep 178/tcp NeXTStep NextStep # NeXTStep window

nextstep 178/udp NeXTStep NextStep # server

bgp 179/tcp # Border Gateway Proto.

6 berkeley - 173 -

bgp 179/udp # Cliff Neuman‘s Prospero

prospero 191/tcp

prospero 191/udp # Internet Relay Chat

irc 194/tcp

irc 194/udp # SNMP UNIX Multiplexer

smux

smux 199/tcp # AppleTalk routing

at-rtmp 199/udp

at-rtmp 201/tcp # AppleTalk name binding

at-nbp 201/udp

at-nbp 202/tcp # AppleTalk echo

at-echo 202/udp

at-echo 204/tcp # AppleTalk zone information

at-zis 204/udp

at-zis 206/tcp wais # The Quick Mail Transfer Protocol

qmtp 206/udp wais # The Quick Mail Transfer Protocol

qmtp 209/tcp # NISO Z39.50 database

z3950 209/udp

z3950 210/tcp # IPX

ipx 210/udp

ipx 213/tcp # Interactive Mail Access

imap3 213/udp # Protocol v3

imap3 220/tcp

rpc2portmap 220/udp # Coda portmapper

rpc2portmap 369/tcp

codaauth2 369/udp # Coda authentication server

codaauth2 370/tcp # UNIX Listserv

ulistserv 370/udp

ulistserv 372/tcp # MCom

https 372/udp # MCom

https 443/tcp # Simple Network Paging Protocol

snpp 443/udp # Simple Network Paging Protocol

snpp 444/tcp # Simple Asynchronous File Transfer

saft 444/udp # Simple Asynchronous File Transfer

saft 487/tcp dqs313_qmaster # npmp-local / DQS

npmp-local 487/udp dqs313_qmaster # npmp-local / DQS

npmp-local 610/tcp dqs313_execd # npmp-gui / DQS

npmp-gui 610/udp dqs313_execd # npmp-gui / DQS

npmp-gui 611/tcp dqs313_intercell# HMMP Indication / DQS

hmmp-ind 611/udp

612/tcp

- 174 - Linux

hmmp-ind 612/udp dqs313_intercell# HMMP Indication / DQS

# UNIX specific services

exec 512/tcp

biff 512/udp comsat

cmd

who 513/udp

spooler

shell 514/tcp # no passwords used

# line printer spooler

syslog 514/udp

printer 515/tcp

talk 517/udp

ntalk 518/udp

route 520/udp router routed # RIP

timed 525/udp timeserver

tempo 526/tcp newdate

courier 530/tcp rpc

conference 531/tcp chat

netnews 532/tcp readnews

netwall 533/udp # -for emergency broadcasts

uucp 540/tcp uucpd # uucp daemon

afpovertcp 548/tcp # AFP over TCP

afpovertcp 548/udp # AFP over TCP

remotefs 556/tcp rfs_server rfs # Brunhoff remote filesystem

klogin 543/tcp # Kerberized ‘rlogin’(v5)

kshell 544/tcp krcmd # Kerberized ‘rsh’(v5)

kerberos-adm 749/tcp # Kerberos ‘kadmin’(v5)

webster 765/tcp # Network dictionary

webster 765/udp

# From “Assigned Numbers”:

#> The Registered Ports are not controlled by the IANA and on most systems

#> can be used by ordinary user processes or programs executed by ordinary

#> users.

#> Ports are used in the TCP [45,106] to name the ends of logical

#> connections which carry long term conversations. For the purpose of

6 berkeley - 175 -

#> providing services to unknown callers, a service contact port is

#> defined. This list specifies the port used by the server process as its

#> contact port. While the IANA can not control uses of these ports it

#> does register or list uses of these ports as a convienence to the

#> community.

ingreslock 1524/tcp

ingreslock 1524/udp

prospero-np 1525/tcp # Prospero non-privileged

prospero-np 1525/udp

datametrics 1645/tcp old-radius # datametrics / old radius entry

datametrics 1645/udp old-radius # datametrics / old radius entry

sa-msg-port 1646/tcp old-radacct # sa-msg-port / old radacct entry

sa-msg-port 1646/udp old-radacct # sa-msg-port / old radacct entry

radius 1812/tcp # Radius

radius 1812/udp # Radius

radacct 1813/tcp # Radius Accounting

radacct 1813/udp # Radius Accounting

cvspserver 2401/tcp

cvspserver 2401/udp # CVS client/server operations

venus 2430/tcp # CVS client/server operations

venus 2430/udp

venus-se 2431/tcp # codacon port

venus-se 2431/udp # Venus callback/wbc interface

codasrv 2432/tcp # tcp side effects

# udp sftp side effect

# not used

codasrv 2432/udp # server port

codasrv-se 2433/tcp # tcp side effects

codasrv-se 2433/udp # udp sftp side effect

mysql 3306/tcp # MySQL

mysql 3306/udp # MySQL

rfe 5002/tcp # Radio Free Ethernet

rfe 5002/udp # Actually uses UDP only

cfengine 5308/tcp # CFengine

cfengine 5308/udp # CFengine

bbs 7000/tcp # BBS service

# Kerberos (Project Athena/MIT) services

# Note that these are for Kerberos v4, and are unofficial. Sites running

# v4 should uncomment these and comment out the v5 entries above.

- 176 - Linux

kerberos4 750/udp kerberos-iv kdc # Kerberos (server) udp

kerberos4 750/tcp kerberos-iv kdc # Kerberos (server) tcp

kerberos_master 751/udp # Kerberos authentication

kerberos_master 751/tcp # Kerberos authentication

passwd_server 752/udp # Kerberos passwd server

krb_prop 754/tcp # Kerberos slave propagation

krbupdate 760/tcp kreg # Kerberos registration

kpasswd 761/tcp kpwd # Kerberos “passwd”

kpop 1109/tcp # Pop with Kerberos

knetd 2053/tcp # Kerberos de-multiplexor

zephyr-srv 2102/udp # Zephyr server

zephyr-clt 2103/udp # Zephyr serv-hm connection

zephyr-hm 2104/udp # Zephyr hostmanager

eklogin 2105/tcp # Kerberos encrypted rlogin

# Unofficial but necessary (for NetBSD) services

supfilesrv 871/tcp # SUP server

# SUP debugging

supfiledbg 1127/tcp

# Datagram Delivery Protocol services # Routing Table Maintenance Protocol

# # Name Binding Protocol

rtmp 1/ddp # AppleTalk Echo Protocol

nbp 2/ddp # Zone Information Protocol

echo 4/ddp

zip 6/ddp

# Services added for the Debian GNU/Linux distribution

poppassd 106/tcp # Eudora

poppassd 106/udp # Eudora

mailq 174/tcp # Mailer transport queue for Zmailer

ssmtp 465/tcp # SMTP over SSL

gdomap 538/tcp # GNUstep distributed objects

gdomap 538/udp # GNUstep distributed objects

snews 563/tcp # NNTP over SSL

ssl-ldap 636/tcp # LDAP over SSL

omirr 808/tcp omirrd # online mirror

omirr 808/udp 6 berkeley - 177 -

rsync 873/tcp

rsync 873/udp omirrd # online mirror

simap 993/tcp # rsync

spop3 995/tcp # rsync

socks 1080/tcp # IMAP over SSL

socks 1080/udp # POP-3 over SSL

rmtcfg # socks proxy server

server 1236/tcp # socks proxy server

xtel

support 1313/tcp # Gracilis Packeten remote config

cfinger 1529/tcp

ninstall 2003/tcp # french minitel

ninstall 2150/tcp # GNATS

afbackup 2150/udp # GNU Finger

afbackup 2988/tcp # ninstall service

icp 2988/udp # ninstall service

icp 3130/tcp # Afbackup system

postgres 3130/udp # Afbackup system

postgres 5432/tcp # Internet Cache Protocol (Squid)

fax 5432/udp # Internet Cache Protocol (Squid)

(old) # POSTGRES

hylafax 4557/tcp # POSTGRES

(new)

noclog 4559/tcp # FAX transmission service

noclog

hostmon 5354/tcp # HylaFAX client-server protocol

hostmon 5354/udp

ircd 5355/tcp mandelbrot # noclogd with TCP (nocol)

ircd 5355/udp # noclogd with UDP (nocol)

webcache 6667/tcp # hostmon uses TCP (nocol)

webcache 6667/udp # hostmon uses TCP (nocol)

tproxy 8080/tcp # Internet Relay Chat

tproxy 8080/udp # Internet Relay Chat

mandelspawn 8081/tcp # WWW caching service

amanda 8081/udp

kamanda 9359/udp # WWW caching service

kamanda 10080/udp # Transparent Proxy

amandaidx 10081/tcp

amidxtape 10081/udp # Transparent Proxy

10082/tcp # network mandelbrot

10083/tcp # amanda backup services

# amanda backup services (Kerberos)

# amanda backup services

- 178 - Linux

isdnlog 20011/tcp # isdn logging system

isdnlog 20011/udp # isdn logging system

vboxd # voice box system

vboxd 20012/tcp

binkp 20012/udp # voice box system

binkp 24554/tcp # Binkley

asp 24554/udp # Binkley

asp 27374/tcp # Address Search Protocol

tfido 27374/udp

tfido 60177/tcp # Address Search Protocol

fido 60177/udp # Ifmail

fido 60179/tcp # Ifmail

60179/udp # Ifmail

# Ifmail

# Local services

linuxconf 98/tcp

swat 901/tcp # Add swat service used via inetd

[root@bbs /etc]# # WorldWideWeb HTTP

Web Browser

Web Server 80

http

services

www 80/tcp

l www 3

HTTP

l 80/tcp TCP HTTP

80 RedHat 6.0

UDP 80

l http HTTP 1024

l # WorldWideWeb HTTP

HTTP

$telnet 127.0.0.1 www Web

Web

Services

telnet

4000

$telnet 127.0.0.1 4000

6 berkeley - 179 -

[root@bbs /etc]# telnet 127.0.0.1 4000

Trying 127.0.0.1...

telnet: Unable to connect to remote host: Connection refused

4000

Server Client Client Server

Server

telnet 4000

Server

telnet 4000 telnet

6.10

I/O Linux/UNIX I/O

l I/O

l I/O SIGIO

l I/O

I/O

6.10.1 I/O I/O

I/O recvfrom

I/O

recvfrom

UDP

TCP

6-4

recvfrom recvfrom

- 180 - Linux

6-4 tcp

6.10.2 I/O

I/O recvfrom

recvfrom

6-5

recvfrom

EWOULDBLOCK

polling polling I/O

CPU

6 berkeley - 181 -

6-5 I/O

6.10.3 I/O recvfrom select() poll()

select recv 6-6

select

recvfrom

select() poll()

select()

- 182 - Linux

6-6 I/O

kill Down TCP

TCP FIN

IO I/O inetd

l TCP I/O

l TCP UDP SIGIO

SIGIO

l I/O

I/O

6.10.4

6 berkeley - 183 -

SIGIO

I/O

SIGIO

I/O

6-7 I/O

I/O

I/O I/O I/O

I/O

Berkeley Socket I/O SIGIO SIGPOLL

SIGIO

I/O

1 SIGIO fcntl F_SETOWN

3 I/O fcntl F_SETFL

O_ASYNC

SIGIO SIGIO

signal

fcntl

- 184 - Linux

SIGIO SVR4 SIGIO

SIGPOLL SIGPOLL

signal SIGIO fcntl

I/O

SIGIO

UDP I/O

UDP I/O recvfrom()

I/O

I/O TCP TCP

SIGIO SIGIO

TCP SIGIO

l I/O

TCP I/O

SIGIO

SIGIO Network Time Protocol

SIGIO TCP

read write recv send

I/O

I/O NTP

UDP

6-8 UDP

6 berkeley - 185 -

UDP 6-8 NTP NTP

SIGIO

6.10.5 I/O I/O

I/O

I/O I/O

I/O I/O offset

I/O

SIGIO

- 186 - Linux

6-9 I/O

6.10.6

I/O I/O

6-1 I/O I/O

I/O

6.10.7

6 berkeley - 187 -

listener recvfrom()

recvfrom() recvfrom()

accept() recv

fcntl()

#include

int fcntl (int fd, int cmd, long arg ;

#include

sockfd = socket AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0 ;

fcntl sockfd, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK ;

–1 errno EWOULDBLOCK

CPU CPU

6.10.8 select()

accept() recv()

recv()

accept()

CPU

Select()

select()

- 188 - Linux

#include

int select(int numfds, fd_set *readfds, fd_set *writefds,

fd_set *exceptfds, struct timeval *timeout);

select()

l numfds readfds writefds exceptfds fd

l readfds fd select

select

l writefds fds select

l exceptfds fds

sockfd

sockfd readfds numfds readfds

sockfd+1 0

select() readfds

FD_ISSET()

select()

fd_sets

l FD_ZERO fd_set *set fd set

l FD_SET int fd, fd_set *set fd set

l FD_CLR int fd, fd_set *set

l FD_ISSET int fd, fd_set *set fd set

select()

struct timeval 1

select()

hello

timeval

timeval /* */ tv_usec

struct timeval /* */

{ 1,000 1,000,000

tv_usec select()

int tv_sec ; 1,000

int tv_usec ;

}; timeval

tv_sec

select()

6 berkeley - 189 -

Linux UNIX

100 tv_usec 100

l struct timeval 0 select()

l timeout select() NULL select()

2.5

#include

/* */

#define STDIN 0

main()

{

struct timeval tv;

fd_set readfds;

/* 2 500,000 */

tv.tv_sec = 2;

tv.tv_usec = 500000;

FD_ZERO(&readfds);

FD_SET(STDIN, &readfds);

/* writefds execeptfds NULL */

/* 2 500,000 */

select(STDIN+1, &readfds, NULL, NULL, &tv);

/* STDIN readfds */

if (FD_ISSET(STDIN, &readfds))

{

/* */

printf(“A key was pressed!\n”);

}

else

{

/* */

- 190 - Linux

printf(“Timed out.\n”);

}

select() listen()

readfds

select() select()

Expedited

6.11 Out-Of-Band data

In-Band data TCP

Data

API

SO_OOBINLINE

Sockets

select() TCP

TCP

6.11.1

TCP

N TCP

6-10

6 berkeley - 191 -

6-10 TCP

MSG_OOB send()

ASCII a

send fd, “a”, 1, MSG_OOB ;

TCP urgent

pointer 6-11

Out-Of-Band OOB

6-11 ODB

TCP OOB

6-11

TCP TCP URG

Urgent pointer

TCP URG TCP OOB

TCP

OOB TCP URG

TCP

OOB

URG OOB

TCP TCP

URG

TCP

- 192 - Linux

send(fd, “abc”, 3, MSG_OOB);

TCP

1 TCP URG TCP

TCP

2 SIGURG fcntl()

ioctl() select()

SIGURG

select()

3 TCP recv recvfrom

SO_OOBINLINE

MSG_OOB

recvmsg SO_OOBINLINE

MSG_OOB

5 SIGURG MSG_OOB

EINVAL select

EWOULDFBLOCK

7 EINVAL

8 SO_OOBINLINE MSG_OOB

6 berkeley - 193 -

EINVAL

6.11.2

#include

/* */

#define MYPORT 4000

/* accept */

#define BACKLOG 10

void

sig_urg int signo ;

main()

{

/* sock_fd new_fd */

*/ void * old_sig_urg_handle ;

int sock_fd, new_fd ;

/* SIGURL

/* */

struct sockaddr_in my_addr;

/* */

struct sockaddr_in their_addr;

int sin_size;

int n ;

char buff[100] ;

/* socket() */

if ((sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == -1)

{

- 194 - Linux

/* */

perror(“socket”);

exit(1);

}

/* */

my_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;

/* */

my_addr.sin_port = htons(MYPORT);

/* IP s_addr */

my_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;

/* */ */ if (bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&my_addr,

bzero(&(my_addr.sin_zero), 8); */

sizeof(struct sockaddr)) == -1)

{

/* bind()

perror(“bind”);

exit(1);

}

/* */

if (listen(sockfd, BACKLOG) == -1)

{ */

/* listen

perror(“listen”);

exit(1);

}

/* SIGURG sig_urg */

old_sig_urg_handle = signal SIGURG, sig_urg ;

/* connfd */

fcntl sockfd, F_SETOWN, getpid() ;

while(1)

{

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6 berkeley - 145 -struct in_addr {unsigned long s_addr;};ina struct sockaddr_instruct in_addrina.sin_addr.s_addr 4 IP4 IP ...
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